RESUMO
Four new species of Pholidobolus lizards are described from poorly explored areas in the Andes of southern Ecuador based on morphological and genetic evidence. Among other morphological characters, Pholidobolus samek sp. nov. and P. condor sp. nov. differ from their congeners in having green dorsolateral stripes on head. Males of P. condor sp. nov. differ from those of P. samek sp. nov. in having reddish flanks and venter. P. dolichoderes sp. nov. is distinguished by having a long neck, with more scales between orbit and tympanum, whereas P. fascinatus sp. nov. is distinguished by lacking enlarged medial scales on collar and a conspicuous vertebral stripe. In addition, the phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred using DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. The phylogeny supports strongly monophyly of each of the new species and renders P. macbrydei paraphyletic and split into six subclades. Available data suggest that the new species have restricted distribution ranges (< 100 km2 each), and it is proposed that their classification be as Data Deficient or Critically Endangered species. The results reveal unexpected levels of diversity within Pholidobolus in the Andes of southern Ecuador and highlight the importance of improving scientific collections and conservation efforts in this area.
RESUMO
Pacientes acometidos por traumas em dentes anteriores são comumente encontrados na prática clínica. A injúria dentária de origem traumática é considerada urgência, pois pode provocar impacto na qualidade de vida de crianças, afetando sua autoestima. Os traumas ocasionam diversas complicações, podendo prejudicar a função, fonética, estética e, em casos mais graves, a perda do elemento dental, bem como desencadear insegurança, introspecção e introversão do indivíduo. Diante disso, a criança com traumatismos na dentição permanente requer uma abordagem diferenciada no atendimento. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a reconstrução estética dos dentes anteriores fraturados com materiais restauradores diretos, promovendo o resgate da autoestima do paciente. Este relato de caso é sobre paciente de 11 anos de idade, sexo masculino, sofreu um traumatismo dental decorrente de queda durante uma partida de futebol, envolvendo os elementos 11 e 21, no terço médio e incisal sem comprometimento pulpar e periodontal. O tratamento de escolha foi a reconstrução direta com resina composta por ser uma técnica rápida, de baixo custo, com excelentes resultados estéticos, sendo bem indicada para pacientes nesta faixa etária. A restauração direta de resina composta é proposta de tratamento para restabelecimento de dentes anteriores fraturados equilibrando necessidades funcionais, estéticas e psicológicas (AU).
Patients affected by traumas in anterior teeth are commonly found in clinical practice. Dental injury of traumatic origin is considered urgent, because it can have an impact on the children's quality of life, affecting their self-esteem. Traumas cause several complications, which may impair the function, phonetic, aesthetic, and in more serious cases, can cause loss of the dental element, as well as trigger insecurity, introspection, and introversion of the individual. Therefore, the child with permanent dentition trauma requires a differentiated approach in care. The objective of this article is to report a case of fractured anterior teeth aesthetic reconstruction with direct restorative materials, promoting patient self-esteem recovery. An 11-year-old male patient suffered a dental trauma due to a fall during a football match, involving elements 11 and 21, in the middle and incisal third without pulp and periodontal involvement. The treatment of choice was the direct reconstruction with composite resin, because it is a fast technique, low cost, with excellent aesthetic results, being well indicated for patients in this age group. The direct restoration of composite resin as a treatment proposal for restoration of fractured anterior teeth balances functional, aesthetic, and psychological needs (AU).