Classification, quality characteristics, sensory perception and texture prediction of wooden breast myopathy in broilers from Argentina.

The objective of this study was to characterize the wooden breast (WB) myopathy in the poultry industry, and establish degrees of severity by analyzing the composition and important characteristics of meat quality. 175 chickens from the COBB-500 commercial line were analyzed, and three WB categories were established: normal, moderate, and severe. The prevalence was: 4.00% severe, 46.29% moderate, and 49.71% normal, and it was affected by sex and weight. The WB characterization was carried out on 7 breasts of each WB degree. A decrease in protein and ashes, an increase in fat and loss of water by dripping, and color changes were observed as the degree of severity advanced. The texture was evaluated by instrumental, sensory, and image analysis techniques. Severe samples showed alterations in compression test, cohesiveness and juiciness, together with significant differences on the parameters, "contrast" and "energy". A characterization of WB myopathy was achieved for the first time in Argentina. The decline in meat quality could lead to industrial losses. Image analysis proved to be a promising technique for differentiating the severity of WB myopathy in raw chicken. Differences between raw and cooked samples were detected, thus both types of meat should be studied in detail. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05608-9.

Characterisation of several ankyrin repeat protein variant 2, a phosphoprotein phosphatase 1-interacting protein, in testis and spermatozoa.

Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PPP1) catalytic subunit gamma 2 (PPP1CC2), a PPP1 isoform, is largely restricted to testicular germ cells and spermatozoa. The key to understanding PPP1 regulation in male germ cells lies in the identification and characterisation of its interacting partners. This study was undertaken to determine the expression patterns of the several ankyrin repeat protein variant 2 (SARP2), a PPP1-interacting protein, in testis and spermatozoa. SARP2 was found to be highly expressed in testis and spermatozoa, and its interaction with human spermatozoa endogenous PPP1CC2 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Expression analysis by RT-qPCR revealed that SARP2 and PPP1CC2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the spermatocyte fraction. However, microscopy revealed that SARP2 protein was only present in the nucleus of elongating and mature spermatids and in spermatozoa. In spermatozoa, SARP2 was prominently expressed in the connecting piece and flagellum, as well as, to a lesser extent, in the acrosome. A yeast two-hybrid approach was used to detect SARP2-interacting proteins and a relevant interaction with a novel sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) variant, a testis and spermatozoa-specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase-binding protein, was validated in human spermatozoa. Given the expression pattern of SARP2 and its association with PPP1CC2 and SPAG9, it may play a role in spermiogenesis and sperm function, namely in sperm motility and the acrosome reaction.

Smoking Induces a Decline in Semen Quality and the Activation of Stress Response Pathways in Sperm.

Male infertility is a prevalent concern affecting couples worldwide. While genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, and reproductive system defects play significant roles, emerging evidence suggests that lifestyle choices also profoundly impact male fertility. This study aimed to explore the effects of several lifestyle factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary habits, on semen quality parameters and molecular biomarkers. Thirty healthy male volunteers were recruited in the Urology service at Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro, Portugal. Participants completed lifestyle questionnaires and provided semen samples, which were analyzed according to the World Health Organization criteria by experienced technicians. We also analyzed the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and heat-shock response-related proteins to explore the activation of signaling pathways involved in stress response within sperm cells. Our results revealed that tobacco consumption reduced semen volume and total sperm count. Although the changes in the percentage of total motility and normal morphology in the smokers' group did not reach statistical significance, a slight decrease was observed. Moreover, we identified for the first time a significant association between tobacco consumption and increased levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and phosphorylated HSP27 (p-HSP27) in sperm cells, indicating the potential detrimental effects of tobacco on the reproductive system. This study highlights that lifestyle factors reduce semen quality, possibly by inducing stress in sperm, raising awareness about the effects of these risk factors among populations at risk of male infertility.

Investigation of spectroscopic and proteomic alterations underlying prostate carcinogenesis.

Prostate cancer (PCa) treatment remains challenging, especially in advanced stages, where the lack of sensitivity and specificity of available biomarkers makes it difficult to establish an accurate prognosis. Therefore, it is imperative to study PCa biology to identify key molecules that can improve PCa management. In this study, eight prostate tumor tissues and paired normal tissues were analyzed using two approaches-Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for spectroscopic profiling of biomolecules and antibody microarray for signaling proteins-with the main goal of identifying metabolic and proteomic changes that enable the distinction between normal and tumor conditions. Principal component analysis of FT-IR spectra revealed different spectroscopic signals for each condition. The most relevant changes in prostate tumor tissues identified by FT-IR were dysregulation in lipid metabolism, lower polysaccharide and glycogen content, higher nucleic acid content, and increased protein phosphorylation. Using an antibody microarray, 42 proteins were identified as differentially regulated between the two conditions; 14 of those revealed changes in their phosphorylation status. These proteins include transcription factors and kinases and constitute a highly-interconnected interaction network. Altogether, our data reveal metabolic and proteomic alterations that may be of interest in future translational studies aimed at establishing PCa prognosis and treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: Prostate tumor tissues and adjacent benign tissues were analyzed using two approaches-Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for biomolecules and an antibody microarray for signaling proteins, which allowed to identify a panel of metabolic and proteomic alterations that may be of interest in future translational studies to enable the distinction between normal and tumor conditions.

Razón, creencia, delirio / Reason, belief, delusion

Se estudian las relaciones conceptuales entre delirio y creencia. Por razones teóricas, el presente trabajo solo se refiere al delirio paranoico, constituido por interpretaciones delirantes. Respecto a las creencias, se diferencian sus vertientes epistemológica y psicológica; el delirio paranoico tiene un “parecido de familia” con la vertiente epistemológica. Por último, se estudian también los siguientes aspectos del delirio paranoico: sistematización, certeza, verosimilitud, egocentrismo e irracionalidad. (AU)

The conceptual relationships between delusions and beliefs are studied. For theoretical reasons, the present work focuses solely on paranoiac delusions, which are composed of delusional interpretations. With regard to beliefs, their epistemological and psychological aspects are distinguished; paranoiac delusions bear a “family resemblance” to the epistemological aspect. Lastly, the following aspects of paranoiac delusions are studied: systematization, certainty, verisimilitude, egocentrism, and irrationality. (AU)

Profiling signaling proteins in human spermatozoa: biomarker identification for sperm quality evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between semen basic parameters and the expression and activity of signaling proteins. DESIGN: In vitro studies with human spermatozoa. SETTING: Academic research institute. PATIENT(S): Thirty-seven men provided semen samples for routine analysis. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Basic semen parameters tracked included sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), the expression levels of 75 protein kinases, and the phosphorylation/cleavage patterns of 18 signaling proteins in human spermatozoa. RESULT(S): The results indicated that the phosphorylated levels of several proteins (Bad, GSK-3ß, HSP27, JNK/SAPK, mTOR, p38 MAPK, and p53), as well as cleavage of PARP (at D214) and Caspase-3 (at D175), were significantly correlated with motility parameters. Additionally, the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the phosphorylated levels of p70 S6 kinase and, in turn, head defects and the teratozoospermia index (TZI) showed a significant negative correlation with the phosphorylated levels of Stat3. There was a significant positive correlation between SDF and the teratozoospermia index, as well as the presence of head defects. In contrast, SDF negatively correlated with the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa and the phosphorylation of Akt and p70 S6 kinase. Subjects with varicocele demonstrated a significant negative correlation between head morphological defects and the phosphorylated levels of Akt, GSK3ß, p38 MAPK, and Stat1. Additionally, 34 protein kinases were identified as expressed in their total protein levels in normozoospermic samples. CONCLUSION(S): This study contributed toward establishing a biomarker "fingerprint" to assess sperm quality on the basis of molecular parameters.

Imaginarios de infancia y adolescencia criminalizada en procesos de Terapia ocupacional / Imaginaries of childhood and criminalized adolescence in occupational therapy process

La siguiente investigación aborda desde una perspectiva crítica los imaginarios de infancia criminalizada de terapeutas ocupacionales que trabajan con niños, niñas y adolescentes criminalizados/as en programas de prevención de riesgo psicosocial y programas con y sin sanción penal, con el objetivo de conocer las implicancias de estos imaginarios en la praxis de la profesión.MetodologíaSe realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a siete terapeutas ocupacionales. Posteriormente se elaboró un análisis categorial de contenidos.Resultados La etapa infanto adolescente es referida como exploratoria, compleja y fundamental para la constitución de la personalidad adulta. Los imaginarios se asocian a una serie de situaciones que pueden llevar al niño, niña o adolescente a vincularse con la actividad delictual (familismo, deserción escolar, escaso apoyo de instituciones públicas, sistema neoliberal, consumismo). Los centros de prevención realizan intervenciones en espacios cotidianos y promueven instancias de participación ocupacional, mientras que en centros cerrados con sanción penal, se realizan principalmente actividades para la reinserción sociolaboral.discusiónExisten diversidad de perspectivas en torno a las intervenciones, existiendo diferencias significativas entre los imaginarios de quienes trabajan en contextos de población sancionada y quienes no.Las limitaciones gubernamentales restringen de diversas maneras las expectativas y proyecciones de las intervenciones, confrontando a los imaginarios con lo propuesto en la declaración internacional de los derechos del niño y la niña.

The following research approaches from a critical perspective the criminalized childhood imaginary of occupational therapists who works in psychosocial prevention programs and closed treatment centers, whose users are criminalized children and adolescents with and without criminal sanction, in order to know the implications of this issue has in the praxis of the profession.MethodologyIn-depth were done to seven occupational therapists. Afterwards, a categorical content analysis was elaborated.ResultsThe childhood and teenage stage is referred to as exploratory, complex and fundamental for the constitution of the adult personality. The imaginaries are associated with a series of situations that can lead the child and adolescent to be linked to this activity (familism, school dropout, scant support from the public institutions, the neoliberal system, consumerism). The prevention centers carry out interventions in daily spaces and promote instances of occupational participation, meanwhile in closed centers are carried out mainly, activities focused on social and labor reintegration.discussionThere is a diversity of perspectives regarding to the interventions, existing significant differences between imaginaries of those occupational therapist who work in contexts of sanctioned population and those who do not. The government limitations greatly restrict the interventions, expectations and projections, confronting this imaginaries with the proposed in the international convention of The Right of the Child.

Más sobre la interpretación (II). Ideas y creencias / More on interpretation (II). Ideas and beliefs

En esta segunda parte del trabajo tratamos en primer lugar el ambiguo concepto de creencia. En el lenguaje ordinario el término creencia alude, fundamentalmente, a dos nociones: una epistemológica, la de idea o creencia reflexiva, y otra psicológica, la de creencia como disposición a la acción. Ambas nociones implican otra, la de saber. Saber es la idea basada en razones objetivamente suficientes. En la creencia como disposición se analizan las creencias individuales y colectivas, la relación entre creencias y conocimiento y, por último, los sistemas de creencias (AU)

In this second part of the study, the ambiguous concept of belief is addressed. In ordinary language, the term belief basically refers to two notions: an epistemological one, the idea or reflexive belief, and a psychological one, belief as a disposition to action. Both notions include a third one, namely knowledge. Knowledge is thus envisaged as an idea based on objectively sufficient reasons. As for belief as a disposition for action, individual and collective beliefs, the relationship between belief and knowledge, and belief systems, are discussed (AU)

Más sobre la interpretación (y III). Razonamiento y racionalidad / More on interpretation (and III). Reasoning and rationality

La noción de idea o creencia reflexiva nos introduce en el tema del razonamiento natural y, una vez dentro de este, es imprescindible referirnos, aunque sea someramente, a las limitaciones que comporta. Por eso y porque nos sirve de base para estudiar la psicología de los heurísticos y de los sesgos cognitivos, hacemos referencia al modelo de racionalidad limitada de Herbert Simon. Por último, teniendo en cuenta todo lo anterior, esta última parte de nuestro trabajo expone una teoría de la racionalidad cuyo paradigma es el pensamiento científico (AU)

The notion of reflexive idea or belief leads us to the subject of natural reasoning. Once this is raised, it is essential to address, even briefly, the limitations it entails. For this reason, and because it serves as a basis for studying the psychology of heuristics and cognitive biases, reference will be made to Herbert Simon’s model of bounded rationality. Finally, taking into account all these considerations, the last part of our study outlines a theory of rationality whose paradigm is scientific thought (AU)

Más sobre la interpretación (I). Razonamiento y verdad / More on interpretation (I). Reasoning and truth

Toda interpretación ha de estar basada en una teoría de la realidad a interpretar y constituye, a su vez, una teoría o hipótesis de la realidad interpretada. Una interpretación es una inferencia, concretamente una inferencia pragmática, no deductiva. Entre las inferencias pragmáticas la principal es la abducción, retroducción o hipótesis en sus diferentes grados de acercamiento a la verdad según el apoyo empírico en que se sustente, a saber, en la terminología de Umberto Eco, abducciones hipercodificadas, hipocodificadas y creativas. Como toda interpretación supone un mayor o menor acercamiento a la verdad, es imprescindible la delimitación y precisión de este concepto. Para ello, hemos discutido tres conceptos estrechamente relacionados con el de verdad como son los de verosimilitud, validez y probabilidad. El resultado de esta discusión es que, como no es posible acceder en su totalidad a la verdad, ésta se constituye en lo que Karl Popper denomina un principio regulador, siendo más realista y aplicable el concepto de verosimilitud (AU)

Any interpretation must be based upon a theory of the reality to be interpreted while constituting, in turn, a theory or hypothesis of the interpreted reality. An interpretation is an inference, specifically a pragmatic inference and not a deductive one. Foremost among pragmatic inferences is abduction, retroduction or hypothesis in their different degrees of proximity to truth according to the empirical support on which they are based, in other words, to borrow Umberto Eco’s terminology, overcoded, undercoded and creative abductions. As every interpretation involves approaching truth to a greater or lesser degree, it becomes imperative to define precisely the limits of the concept. With this goal, three concepts closely related to truth are examined: the concepts of verisimilitude, validity and probability. The conclusion of this analysis is that, given that it is not possible to access truth in its totality, truth becomes what Popper called a regulatory principle, being the concept of verisimilitude more realistic and applicable (AU)

Sobre la interpretación. (II) Situación y contexto / On Interpretation. (II) Situation and Context

En el presente trabajo trato de establecer un modelo de interpretación de la conducta. La interpretación consiste en la asignación de sentido, es decir, en la atribución de motivos e intenciones a la acción. En la primera parte se expusieron los fundamentos de una teoría de la acción; en esta segunda se expone una teoría de la interpretación. Para ello, se parte de las nociones de situación y contexto. Los modelos de situación son útiles para la interpretación de la conducta en general, mientras que para la conducta verbal (el discurso) son más específicos los modelos de contexto. En ambos modelos es fundamental la noción de enciclopedia o conocimiento del mundo. En los modelos de situación se expone la teoría de los esquemas mentales (marcos, guiones, temas, etc.). En los modelos de contexto, entendiendo el contexto como la representación mental de la interacción discursiva, se describen los elementos que suelen constituir los contextos (tema del discurso, participantes, situación social, etc.), cuya selección se rige por el principio de relevancia. Por últimos, se explican algunas modalidades de inferencias contextuales (AU)

The present study aims to establish a model for interpreting behaviour. The interpretation consists in the assignation of meaning, in other words the attribution of motives and intentions for an action. The first part sets out the fundamentals of a theory of action; this second puts forward a theory of interpretation. To this end, the notion of situation and context are taken as starting points. Situation models are useful for the interpretation of behaviour in general, while context models are more specific to verbal conduct (discourse). The notion of the encyclopaedia or knowledge of the world is fundamental in both models. Situation models set out the theory of mental schemas (frames, scripts, themes etc.). In context models, where context is understood as the mental representation of discursive interaction, the elements that usually make up the contexts are described (discourse theme, participants, social situation etc.), the selection of which is determined by the principle of relevance. Lastly, certain forms of contextual inference are explained (AU)

Sobre la interpretación. (I) Teoría de la acción / On interpretation. (I) Theory of action

En el presente trabajo trato de establecer una teoría interpretativa de la conducta. Se entiende por interpretación la atribución de sentido, es decir, la revelación de los motivos e intenciones de la acción. El trabajo consta de dos partes. En esta primera se exponen los fundamentos de una teoría de la acción: la representación como paradigma de fenómeno mental; la intencionalidad y la intención como predicados de la acción; los componentes mental y físico de la acción y su causación por motivos e intenciones. El lenguaje verbal, como actividad guiada por reglas, es considerado un modelo de la acción: teoría de los actos de habla. Asimismo, a partir de la consideración de las representaciones mentales como signos, se expone una teoría semiótica de la acción. Por último, atendiendo a la dualidad semiótica signo natural versus signo artificial, se describe su correspondencia con la dualidad epistemológica explicación versus interpretación(AU)

The present study aims to establish an interpretive theory of behaviour. Interpretation is understood as the attribution of meaning, in other words revelation of the motives and intentions of an action. The study comprises two parts. In this first part the fundamentals of a theory of action are set out: representation as a paradigmatic mental phenomenon, intentionality and intention as predicates of action, and the mental and physical components of action and the role of motives and intentions in their causation. Verbal language, as a rule-guided activity, is taken as a model of action: theory of speech acts. Likewise, on the basis of treating mental representation as signs, a semiotic theory of action is set out. Finally, turning to the semiotic duality of natural sign versus artificial sign, the correspondence between this and the epistemological duality of explanation versus interpretation is described(AU)

Vias de sinalização reguladoras das funções do espermatozoide / Signaling pathways in sperm functions regulation

O espermatozoide é o gâmeta masculino e, como tal, a sua principal func¸ão é fecundar o oócito. Aquando da ejaculac¸ão, esta célula ainda não se encontra madura, pelo que não consegue realizar a sua func¸ão. Ao entrar em contato com o trato reprodutor feminino, o espermatozoide sofre a capacitac¸ão. Este processo é caracterizado por alterac¸ões bioquímicas e funcionais. A reac¸ão acrossómica é o processo final para a fecundac¸ão e caracteriza-se pela libertac¸ão das enzimas de proteolíticas que hidrolisam a zona pelúcida. Todos estes processos dependem de vias de sinalizac¸ão. A maioria das vias de sinalizac¸ão descritas para células somáticas já foram identificadas no espermatozoide, contudo, os seus efeitos não são completamente conhecidos. Nesta revisão serão descritas as principais vias de sinalizac¸ão dos espermatozoides, nomeadamente PPP1CC2, cAMP/PKA, fosfolipase C, PI3K-AKT e ROS (AU)

Spermatozoon is the male gamete and its main function is to fertilize the oocyte. When ejaculation occurs, this cell is immature and therefore cannot perform its function. When it contacts the female reproductive tract, the sperm undergoes capacitation. This process is characterized by biochemical and functional changes. The acrosome reaction is the last process for fertilization and it is characterized by the release of proteolytic enzymes which hydrolyze the zona pellucida. All of these processes depend of signaling pathways. Most of the signaling pathways described for somatic cells have been identified in the sperm, but their effects are not completely known. In this review the main signaling pathways of sperm are described, including PPP1CC2, cAMP/PKA, phospholipase C, PI3K-AKT and ROS (AU)

Aproximación a una teoría pragmática de la conducta psicótica / Towards a pragmatic theory of psychotic conduct

El presente trabajo parte de un modelo semiótico de la conducta, concretamente de una dimensión pragmática. La pragmática estudia la relación de los signos con los sujetos que los usan y el contexto en que se usan. El contexto es fundamental en la interpretación del signo. Según el modelo adoptado, a partir del contexto creado mediante la psicosis, es posible explicar algunos rasgos del discurso psicótico, como es la importancia del tema en el delirio o los factores que determinan la inadecuación del discurso psicótico a la situación empírica en que éste se produce (AU)

This study is based on a semiotic model of conduct with a pragmatic dimension. Pragmatics studies the relationship between signs and the subjects using them, as well as the context of use. Context is essential in the interpretation of signs. According to the model adopted, by using the context created by psychosis, some of the features inherent to the psychotic discourse can be explained, such as the importance of the theme in delusion, or the factors determining the inappropriateness of the psychotic discourse to the empirical situation in which it takes place (AU)

Psicopatologia de la interpretacion delirante / Psychopathology of delusional interpretation

El presente trabajo consta de cinco apartados fundamentales: 1) delimitación conceptual de la interpretación delirante; 2) teoría de la interpretación; 3) conceptuación de la conducta psicótica; 4) exposición de un modelo cognitivo del razonamiento normal, y 5) estudio psicopatológico de la interpretación delirante a partir de un modelo que integra los factores cognitivos y los emocionales (AU)

La psicogénesis del delirio en la obra y en la época de E. Kretschmer / No disponible

Se estudian los principales aspectos de la obra de Kretschmer El delirio sensitivo de referencia y se comparan con los de autores de la misma época que abordan la psicogénesis del delirio, como Jaspers, Gaupp, Bleuler, Sérieux y Capgras y Freud(AU)

The main aspects of The Sensitive Delusion of Reference of by Kretschmer are studied and compared with authors of the same period such as Jaspers, Gaupp, Bleuler, Sérieux and Capgras and Freud who discuss the psychogenesis of delusion(AU)

Degradación de las formaciones psicóticas: un intento de objetivación / Degradation of the psychotic structures: an attempt of objectivation

El proceso de recuperación de la psicosis se lleva a cabo a través de una serie de etapas gradativas; de ahí su denominación de proceso de degradación. Este proceso se basa fundamentalmente en dos fenómenos: la debilitación de la certidumbre acerca de la realidad de la formación psicótica y la desactualización de la misma; o sea, la recuperación de un juicio de realidad correcto, sustitutorio del hasta entonces juicio de realidad psicótico. Con el fin de objetivar el proceso de degradación de la psicosis, y en particular los dos fenómenos señalados, hemos diseñado un cuestionario (CEDEP) que evaluá el grado de certeza que un determinado paciente posee sobre la realidad o ficción de sus formaciones psicóticas, tanto actuales como mnésticas. Este trabajo se inserta en la línea de investigación que Castilla del Pino y colaboradores llevan a cabo sobre la psicopatologia de la conducta psicótica