Maintaining the gluten-free diet: The key to improve glycemic metrics in youths with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease.

AIMS: Gluten-free diets (GFD) were considered as high glycemic index and/or high content of saturated fats; this could affect keeping good metabolic control in individuals with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD). Our objective was to analyze time in range and other continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics with real-time CGM systems, in youths with T1D and CD, compared to those with T1D only. METHODS: An observational case-control study, comparing youths aged 8-18 years with T1D and CD, with people with T1D only was performed. The degree of maintaining GFD was assessed through anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies and dietary interview, and maintaining Mediterranean diet through the KIDMED questionnaire. RESULTS: 86 youths with T1D and CD, 167 controls with T1D only, were included in the study and the two groups reported similar real-time CGM metrics. Among the first group, 29 % were not completely maintaining GFD and compared to people with T1D only they showed higher hyperglycemia rates (% time above range: 38.72 ± 20.94 vs 34.34 ± 20.94; P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with T1D and CD who maintain GFD presented similar glucose metrics compared to youths with T1D only. Individuals not strictly maintaining GFD presented higher hyperglycemia rates.

A malfunctioning nasogastric feeding tube / Una sonda de alimentación nasogástrica que funciona mal

A critical point of nasogastric feeding tube placement, potentially resulting in an unsafe and/or non-effective operation of the device, is the monitoring of its proper placement into the stomach. A properly obtained and interpreted radiograph is currently recommended to confirm placement. We reported the case of a 68-year-old demented woman referred for complicated dysphagia. A nasogastric tube was blindly inserted and its placement was confirmed by the radiologist. Enteral nutrition was initiated but the patient began to vomit immediately. After reviewing the radiograph it was understood that a gastric loop in the tube and its tip pointing upwards did not allow a safe infusion of the feeding formula. It is not enough having the radiologist reporting that a nasogastric feeding tube is placed in the stomach; the inclusion in the report of specific warnings on any potential cause of malfunctioning of the device should be considered. The presence of a gastric loop should be taken into account as a cause of potential malfunctioning (AU)

Un punto crítico de la colocación del tubo de alimentación nasogástrica, potencialmente resultando en un funcionamiento peligroso y / o no eficaz del dispositivo, es la supervisión de su correcta ubicación en el estómago. Una radiografía obtenido e interpretado correctamente la actualidad se recomienda para confirmar la colocación. Se presenta el caso de una mujer demente de 68 años remitido para la disfagia complicado. Una sonda nasogástrica se inserta a ciegas y su ubicación fue confirmada por el radiólogo. La nutrición enteral se inició, pero el paciente empezó a vomitar inmediatamente. Después de revisar la radiografía se entendía que un bucle gástrico en el tubo y su punta hacia arriba apuntando no permitió una infusión segura de la fórmula de alimentación. No es suficiente tener el aviso del radiólogo que un tubo nasogástrico de alimentación se coloca en el estómago, la inclusión en el informe de advertencias específicas en cualquier causa potencial de mal funcionamiento del dispositivo debe ser considerado. La presencia de un bucle gástrico debe ser tenido en cuenta como una causa de mal funcionamiento potencial (AU)