Purification and antioxidant activities of baicalin isolated from the root of huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis gcorsi).

Baicalin is a flavonoid from the root of huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis gcorsi, a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine and food condiment) with two pro phenolic hydroxyls. In this manuscript, high purity of baicalin (95.5 %) was isolated from the root of huangqin and its antioxidant activities were investigated. The antioxidant properties of baicalin were evaluated by scavenging of the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), reducing power, and iron-chelating assays, compared to ascorbic acid and BHT. The results of antioxidant activity showed that the activities of baicalin were significantly better than these of ascorbic acid and BHT, and the linear correlations were good in these three assays.

Traditional Chinese medicine used as anti-aging agent by targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway / 生理学报

The imbalance of redox homeostasis is a major characteristic of aging and contributes to the pathogenesis of various aging-related diseases. As a regulatory hub of redox homeostasis, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) can attenuate oxidative stress by activating the transcription of many antioxidant enzymes. China is the birthplace of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which has been wildly used as medicine for thousands of years. Recently, TCM as anti-aging medicine has attracted enormous attention. Focusing on the NRF2 signaling pathway, this paper summarizes the correlation between various anti-aging TCM and the NRF2 signaling, and discusses the common key mechanisms by which TCM slows the aging process by targeting the NRF2 signaling network.

A nomogram for predicting postoperative pulmonary infec-tion in gastric cancer patients / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To identifying risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection(POI)in gastric cancer(GC)patients as well as generating an effective nomogram for the POI.Methods:Pa-tients with gastric cancer after surgery from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2020 were retro-spectively analysed.Their clinical and pathological data were collected.Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for POI and to generate the nomogram prediction model.Predictive accuracy,discriminatory capability,and clinical usefulness were evaluated by cali-bration curves,concordance index(C-index),and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:Multivari-ate regression analysis revealed that age,smoking,chronic respiratory diseases,laparoscopic surgery,intraoperative blood loss and lung function exercise compliance were independent prognos-tic factors for POI in GC patients.The nomogram had a Cindex of 0.878(95％CI:0.801～0.956).The calibration curves showed good consistency between actual and nomogram-predicted probabilities.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.878,while the cutoff value was-2.088 with a sensitivity of 80.6％and a specifificity of 82.9％.DCA showed that the nomogram had better clinical usefulness.Conclusions:The present study provides a nomogram developed with perioperative features to predict the incidence of POI in GC patients.

Application of next-generation sequencing in detection of BRCA1/2 and homologous recombination repair pathway multi-genes germline mutation and correlation analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the germline mutation status of related genes in breast cancer patients and high-risk individuals by next-generation sequencing. To analyze the correlations between homologous recombination repair (HR) pathway gene mutation status and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients. To supplement the database of breast cancer related gene mutations in Chinese population. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. From October 2020 to September 2021, whole blood samples were collected from 350 breast cancer patients and 49 high-risk individuals, admitted to Peking University People's Hospital and accepted genetic testing voluntarily. Germline mutations in 32 breast cancer related genes were detected by NGS. The clinicopathological characteristics, including age at the onset, family history, unilateral/bilateral tumor, Luminal typing (Luminal A subtype, Luminal B subtype, HER2-enriched subtype and triple negative breast cancer), tumor size and metastasis, were analyzed, and the correlations between HR pathway gene mutation status and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed by Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact probability test. Results: Among 350 breast cancer patients, 64 (18.3%) cases carried gene pathogenic mutations (including pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations), including 47 (13.4%) in BRCA1/2, 16 (4.6%) in non-BRCA1/2 genes, 1 (0.3%) in BRCA2 and FANCL. Among 49 high-risk individuals, 7 (14.3%) cases carried gene pathogenic mutations, including 6 (12.3%) in BRCA1/2 and 1 (2%) in ATM genes. BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations were associated with age at the onset (18%, 8.7%, χ²=6.346, P=0.012), and the BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutation frequency was higher in patients diagnosed at age ≤45 years. HR pathway gene mutations (including pathogenic, likely pathogenic and uncertain significance mutations) were correlated with unilateral/bilateral tumor (49.5%, 68.4%, χ²=4.841, P=0.028) and Luminal typing (45.7%, 62.2%, 32%, 60%, χ²=12.004, P=0.007), and the HR mutation frequencies were higher in patients with bilateral tumor, Luminal B breast cancer and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Conclusion: The BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutation frequency in high-risk individuals is similar to that in breast cancer patients, and BRCA1/2 testing is helpful to guide breast cancer screening and prevention in high-risk individuals. Patients with early onset breast cancer, bilateral breast cancer, Luminal B breast cancer and TNBC have higher mutation frequencies of HR pathway genes, and HR pathway genes testing should be conducted as soon as possible to provide laboratory evidence for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and risk evaluation of breast cancer.

Lengths of the fixed loop and the adjustable loop in the coarse bone tunnel were compared to influence the widening of the femoral bone tunnel and the function of the knee joint / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of two different femoral cortical suspension devices (fixation loop and adjustable loop) on tunnel widening and knee function in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for 12 months.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were included in this study. According to the length of the loop(n)[n= total length of loop-(total length of femoral tunnel-total length of coarse tunnel)] in the rough bone tunnel, the patients were divided into A (adjustable loop was 0 mm in the coarse bone tunnel), B (fixation loop was greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) and C (fixation loop was greater than 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) groups, of which 11 cases were in group A, 27 cases in group B and 22 cases in group C. In the three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee joint with multi-slice spiral CT, the widening of the bone tunnel in the three groups was compared. At the same time, IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores of the patients in the three groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#There were differences in the widening degree of the femoral canal among groups A, B and C, and the median difference of the widening degree of the femoral tunnel 12 months and immediately after the surgery was A < B < C. The difference of femoral canal widening in group A was significantly different from that in groups B and C (P < 0.05).According to the linear regression the relationship between the difference of the width of the femoral canal and the change of the length (n) of the loop in the coarse canal, it was found that there was a linear relationship between the value of n and the difference of the width of the bone canal. With the increase of the value of n, the difference of the width of the bone canal gradually became larger. The median difference of the width of the middle and superior tunnel was negative, while the median difference of the width of the middle and inferior tunnel was positive. During the follow-up, we found that there were no statistical differences in IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores among the three groups one year after surgery (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Twelve months after surgery, compared with group B (fixed loop group) and group C (fixed loop group), group A (adjustable loop group) had less bone tunnel widening.In groups A, B and C, as the length of the loop in coarse bone tunnel gradually increased, the width of bone tunnel became more significant. At the end of 12 months follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the medial and inferior femoral tunnel was significantly wider than immediately after surgery, and the medial and superior femoral tunnel had gradually begun to undergo tendon-bone healing. There was no significant difference in knee function scores among groups A, B, and C in the follow-up 12 months after surgery.

Clinical study of modified reposition surgery in the treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the therapeutical effects of modified reposition surgery in the treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis, and to explore a better surgical method for traumatic cyclodialysis. <p>METHODS: Totally 33 cases diagnosed of traumatic cyclodialysis were brought into observation. After accurately dialysis location of ciliary body through ultrasonic biological microscope, all cases received modified ciliary body reposition surgery. The period of follow-up was three to six months after surgery. The observation items included ciliary body status, intraocular pressure, visual acuity and complications and so on.<p>RESULTS:Among them, 30 cases were completely reposition during 1wk after surgery, 3 cases were found partial cyclodialysis, and then after half a month the three cases above got desirable outcome. Twenty cases were observed high intraocular pressure after surgery, 17 cases of which had high intraocular pressure returned to normal in 3d, 1 case of which had high intraocular pressure returned to normal in 1wk. 2 cases of which had high intraocular pressure were out of control through medicine, finally received anti-glaucoma surgery in 1 case, and the other one case underwent ciliary body laser photocoagulation and the high intraocular pressure was effectively controlled. Postoperative visual acuity was improved to some extent. There was no anterior segment ischemia or corneal macro astigmatism in all cases. <p>CONCLUSION:The modified reposition surgery in treating traumatic cyclodialysis is a simple, safe, effective, less iatrogenic injuries and fewer complications. It is worthy of clinical application.

Abnormal brain activity in rats with sustained hypobaric hypoxia exposure: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure at high altitudes can result in a decline in cognitive function, which may have a serious impact on the daily life of people who migrate to high altitudes. However, the specific HH-induced changes in brain function remain unclear. This study explored changes in brain activity in rats exposed to a sustained HH environment using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).@*Methods@#Healthy male rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into a model group and a control group. A rat model of cognitive impairment induced by sustained HH exposure was established. The control and model groups completed training and testing in the Morris water maze (MWM). A two-sample t-test for between-group difference comparisons was performed. Repeated measures analyses of variance for within-group comparisons were performed and post-hoc comparisons were made using the Tukey test. Between-group differences in spontaneous brain activity were assessed using a voxel-wise analysis of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), combined with analyses of the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in statistical parametric mapping.@*Results@#In the MWM test, the escape latencies of the model group were significantly longer compared with those of the control group (control group vs. model group, day 1: 21.6 ± 3.3 s vs. 40.5 ± 3.4 s, t = -11.282; day 2: 13.5 ± 2.2 s vs. 28.7 ± 5.3 s, t = -7.492; day 3: 10.5 ± 2.8 s vs. 22.6 ± 6.1 s, t = -5.099; day 4: 9.7 ± 2.5 s vs. 18.6 ± 5.2 s, t = -4.363; day 5: 8.8 ± 2.7 s vs. 16.7 ± 5.0 s, t = -3.932; all P < 0.001). Within both groups, the escape latency at day 5 was significantly shorter than those at other time points (control group: F = 57.317, P < 0.001; model group: F = 50.718, P < 0.001). There was no within-group difference in average swimming speed (control group, F = 1.162, P = 0.956; model group, F = 0.091, P = 0.880). Within the model group, the time spent within the original platform quadrant was significantly shorter (control group vs. model group: 36.1 ± 5.7 s vs. 17.8 ± 4.3 s, t = 7.249, P < 0.001) and the frequency of crossing the original platform quadrant was significantly reduced (control group vs. model group: 6.4 ± 1.9 s vs. 2.0 ± 0.8 s, t = 6.037, P < 0.001) compared with the control group. In the rs-fMRI study, compared with the control group, rats in the model group showed widespread reductions in fALFF values throughout the brain.@*Conclusions@#The abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity indicated by the fALFF measurements may reflect changes in brain function after HH exposure. This widespread abnormal brain activity may help to explain and to provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the impairment of brain function under sustained exposure to high altitudes.

Abnormal brain activity in rats with sustained hypobaric hypoxia exposure: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure at high altitudes can result in a decline in cognitive function, which may have a serious impact on the daily life of people who migrate to high altitudes. However, the specific HH-induced changes in brain function remain unclear. This study explored changes in brain activity in rats exposed to a sustained HH environment using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).@*METHODS@#Healthy male rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into a model group and a control group. A rat model of cognitive impairment induced by sustained HH exposure was established. The control and model groups completed training and testing in the Morris water maze (MWM). A two-sample t-test for between-group difference comparisons was performed. Repeated measures analyses of variance for within-group comparisons were performed and post-hoc comparisons were made using the Tukey test. Between-group differences in spontaneous brain activity were assessed using a voxel-wise analysis of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), combined with analyses of the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in statistical parametric mapping.@*RESULTS@#In the MWM test, the escape latencies of the model group were significantly longer compared with those of the control group (control group vs. model group, day 1: 21.6 ± 3.3 s vs. 40.5 ± 3.4 s, t = -11.282; day 2: 13.5 ± 2.2 s vs. 28.7 ± 5.3 s, t = -7.492; day 3: 10.5 ± 2.8 s vs. 22.6 ± 6.1 s, t = -5.099; day 4: 9.7 ± 2.5 s vs. 18.6 ± 5.2 s, t = -4.363; day 5: 8.8 ± 2.7 s vs. 16.7 ± 5.0 s, t = -3.932; all P < 0.001). Within both groups, the escape latency at day 5 was significantly shorter than those at other time points (control group: F = 57.317, P < 0.001; model group: F = 50.718, P < 0.001). There was no within-group difference in average swimming speed (control group, F = 1.162, P = 0.956; model group, F = 0.091, P = 0.880). Within the model group, the time spent within the original platform quadrant was significantly shorter (control group vs. model group: 36.1 ± 5.7 s vs. 17.8 ± 4.3 s, t = 7.249, P < 0.001) and the frequency of crossing the original platform quadrant was significantly reduced (control group vs. model group: 6.4 ± 1.9 s vs. 2.0 ± 0.8 s, t = 6.037, P < 0.001) compared with the control group. In the rs-fMRI study, compared with the control group, rats in the model group showed widespread reductions in fALFF values throughout the brain.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity indicated by the fALFF measurements may reflect changes in brain function after HH exposure. This widespread abnormal brain activity may help to explain and to provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the impairment of brain function under sustained exposure to high altitudes.

Expression and clinical significance of serum ubiquitin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 医学研究生学报

Objective　Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in the development of esophageal cancer. However, As the executor of UPS, the expression and clinical significance of detection of serum ubiquitin (UB) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma(ESCC) patients have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and diagnostic value of serum ubiquitin (UB) in ESCC.　Methods　A total of eighty-eight ESCC patients and forty healthy controls from February 2018 to May 2019 at the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University were enrolled. Serum UB was measured by ELISA, and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined by chemiluminescence method. The ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of each indicator. Besides, the correlation between serum UB and clinicopathological features of ESCC were analyzed.　Results　The level of serum UB in ESCC group was significantly higher than that in the control group[(41.96±3.273)ng/ml vs (80.86±7.993)ng/ml, P<0.05]. The level of serum UB in ESCC patients was related to lymphatic metastasis and tumor stage (P<0.05). The sensitivity of UB, SCC, CEA and the three combined diagnosis of ESCC were 65.9%, 52.3%, 51.1%, and 76.1%, respectively. The AUC under the ROC curve were 0.690, 0.677, 0.635, and 0.795, respectively.　Conclusion　Serum UB is highly expressed in ESCC and is closely related to tumor progression. Combined with SCC and CEA, UB can improve the sensitivity of diagnosis of ESCC and can be used as an effective serological screening biomarker.

Characteristics of foreign bodies in upper gastrointestinal tract and analysis of its risk factors for complications / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract and analyze its risk factors for complications. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of the patients who were diagnosed of foreign body impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract, then analyzed its risk factors of complications. Results The date pits were the most common type of foreign bodies and upper esophagus were the most common locations in upper gastrointestinal tract; In Logistic regression analysis, risk factors for complications were the duration of impaction that longer than 12 hours (OR

Nutritional status on vitamin A, vitamin D and its relation with height among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas of Enshi from 2012 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the status of physical development, vitamin A and vitamin D among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas in Hubei, to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (abbreviated to the program) from 2012 to 2021.@*Methods@#In Enshi City, a pilot monitoring county of the program in Hubei, and a total of 2 554 students from one primary school and one junior middle school were randomly selected. During September to October in 2012-2021, height was measured, and fasting venous blood was collected from students, and serum vitamin A and vitamin D were detected.@*Results@#From 2012 to 2021, height, serum vitamin A and serum vitamin D concentration increased by 2.7 cm, 96.7 μg/L and 8.6 ng/mL. Growth retardation rate decreased by 1.0%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin A decreased by 37.3% and 6.2%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin D decreased by 45.7% and 8.5%. Height was positively correlated with serum vitamin A status and negatively correlated with serum vitamin D status ( r =0.08,-0.08, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The pilot counties of the program in Enshi, has witnessed improvement in height, serum vitamin A and vitamin D status among primary and secondary students. However, future efforts remains essential as subclinical deficiency of vitamin A and vitamin D are noted in some students. Serum vitamin A is positively associated with height, and vitamin D is negatively associated with height.Considering the correlation between serum vitamin A and vitamin D status with height, continued efforts should be implemented in poor rural areasto strengthen targeted nutrition intervention for students in Hubei.

Current Status of Antithrombotic Strategy for Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndrome After Stent Implantation in Beijing Area / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the current status of antithrombotic strategy for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after stent implantation in Beijing area and to study the safety and efficacy of different therapeutic strategy. Methods: A total of 467 relevant patients were enrolled by re-travelling electronic medical records from 12 hospitals in Beijing area. The patients' mean age was (78.70±3.32) years and they were divided into 2 groups by antithrombotic therapy condition: Triple therapy group, n=17 (3.64％), Double therapy group, n=450 (96.36％). The incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) including all-caused death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization (TVR), stoke and bleeding was compared between Triple therapy group and Double therapy group.Results: The medication in Double therapy group included aspirin+ticagrelor, aspirin+clopidogrel, clopidogrel+warfarin and cilostazol+clopidogrel; in Triple therapy group was aspirin+clopidogrel+warfarin. Patient with HAS-BLED score≥3 was defined as high risk of bleeding and they were all treated by double therapy; HAS-BLED<3 was defined as low risk of bleeding, only 5.03％ patients were treated by triple therapy. 3 patients in Triple therapy group and 33 in Double therapy group suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding, P=0.338; 6 patients in Triple therapy group and 128 in Double therapy group had MACCE, P=0.589; 3 and 80 patients died in Triple therapy group and Double therapy group, P=0.766. Conclusion: Triple therapy was rarely used in elderly AF and ACS patients after stent implantation, double therapy was the main strategy; the incidence of MACCE and mortality were similar between triple and double therapies; patients with triple therapy had the higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Relationship of mental health,negative perfectionism and coping style among firefighters / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship among mental health,negative perfectionism and coping style of firefighters. METHODS: By stratified random sampling,404 firefighters at work were selected and investigated by SelfReporting Inventory( SCL-90),Negative Perfectionism Questionnaire( ZNPQ) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire( SCSQ). The relationship between control variables and results variables was analyzed by using correlation analysis and structural equation model. RESULTS: The SCL-90 total scores of firefighters were positively correlated with ZNPQ hesitate and fear of failure factors( P < 0. 05); was negatively correlated with SCSQ positive coping factor( P < 0. 05),and was positively correlated with negative coping factor( P < 0. 05). The higher score of the hesitation and fear of failure factors,the higher total score of SCL-90( path coefficient were 0. 28 and 0. 35). Hesitation had a positive predictive function to the negative coping styles( path coefficient was 0. 57). The higher score of the negative coping styles,the higher total score of SCL-90( path coefficient was 0. 54),and the negative coping styles have a mediation effect on the relationship between the fear of failure and firefighters ' mental health( path coefficient was > 0. 28). CONCLUSION: Negative perfectionism personality has negative effects in mental health. Firefighters' negative coping style is the part of the intermediary role between the hesitation subscale and mental health,by reducing negative coping style to suppress the symptoms of mental health and to promote mental health.

Feasibility of microcoria optometry in screening for ametropia in school -age children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To discuss the feasibility of microcoria optometry in screening for children ametropia. METHODS: Totally 217 school - age children were selected, included 94 first-grade students ( 6 ~ 8 years old) and 123 fourth-grade students ( 9 ~12 years old ) . Refractive diopter was measured with automatic refractor RM-8000 to evaluate the accuracy of micocoria optometry in screening ametropia.RESULTS: After cycloplegia, both the mean sphere diopter and cylinder diopter in grade one students changed significantly (P0. 05 ) in grade four students. Different refractive type: before and after mydriasis spherical myopia, spherical equivalent difference was 0. 263 ± 0. 618 and 0.216±0.653D, with statistical significance (P 0. 05 ). Choosing small pupil computer optometry for ≤- 1. 00D, ≥- 0. 50D child myopia or hyperopia could get more accurate value of diagnostic cutoffs, Youden index was 0. 672 and 0. 580. CONCLUSlON: Microcoria optometry can be as a effective method of screening of children with ametropia, but if for optometry, school-age children must accept mydriasis.

Intervention of blue light with short wavelength on the progression of form deprived myopia in guinea pigs / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Light stimulation at different wavelength influences the development of eyes.It has been showed that blue light can inhibit the growth of eyeball.To study whether blue light exposure can delay the extension of myopia is an interested research project.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of blue light with short wavelength on ocular growth in form deprived myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs and provide a new option for the prevention and treatment of myopia.Methods Thirty-six 2-week-old guinea pigs were reared in the environment of white light.The right eyes of the animals were occluded to establish the FDM models.The models were randomized into the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,simple deocclusion group and continuous occlusion group according to the random number table.The right eyes of the models were deoccluded for 1 hour per day to give the blue light (430 nm) irradiation in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,and the right eyes were deoccluded for 1 hour per day only in the simple deocclusion group.In the continuous occlusion group,the right eyes of the models were occluded until the end of this experiment.Anterior chamber depth (ACD),lens thickness (LT) and vitreous cavity depth (VCD) were measured by A-type sonography.The binocular diopter of the guinea pigs was detected using retinoscopy in the mydriatic condition.In the fourth week after experiment,the retinal sections were prepared for the regular histopathological examination,and the scleral tissues next to 1 mm from optical nerve were exacted to obtain the dry weight of scleral tissues.Results In the right eyes of the animals,no significant differences were found in the diopter,ACD,LT and VCD before experiment among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05).At the end of experiment,the refraction of right eye in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,simple deocclusion group and continuous occlusion group was (+1.11±0.17)D,(+0.90±0.15)D and (-2.73±0.19)D respectively,with a significant difference among them (F=1 445.470,P=0.000).The VCD in the three groups was (3.70±0.09) mm,(3.78±0.11) mm and (3.91 ± 0.08) mm,respectively,showing a significant difference (F =13.243,P＜0.01).In addition,the dry weight of sclera tissues was (0.61 ±0.09)mg in the deocclusion + blue light exposure group,(0.54± 0.08)mg in the simple deocclusion group and (0.43 ± 0.07)mg in the continuous occlusion group,with a significant difference among the 3 groups (F=10.458,P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences in the ACD and LT among the 3 groups (F=0.203,0.084,both at P＞0.05).Moreover,in the left eyes,no significant differences were found in the diopter,ACD,LT and VCD before experiment among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05);while at the end of the experiment,the diopter of the continuous occlusion group was significantly lower than that of the deocclusion + blue light exposure group and simple deocclusion group (all at P＜0.05).No significant differences were seen in the ACD,LT,VCD and dry weight of sclera among the 3 groups (all at P＞0.05).Retinal structure was normal in the left eyes of various groups.However,the retinas were thinner in the right eyes of the deocclusion + blue light exposure group with clear layers; while atrophy of the outer segment of photoreceptor and disorder of cell arrangement were seen in the right eyes of the continuous occlusion group.Conclusions During sensitive period of visual development,blue light stimulation can arrest the extension of posterior sclera and elongation of vitreous cavity,which restrains development of myopia.This blue light at the wavelength of 430 nm is safe to retina.

Cerebral microbleeds - prevalence, distribution and risk factors in northeast population without preceding large-area stroke / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) occur frequently in patients suspected of cerebrovascular disease and they are the principle radiographic findings in patients with sub-clinical neurological impairment. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, distribution, severity and associated clinical features of CMBs in a prospective hospital patient based cohort undergoing brain MRI for suspected cerebrovascular disease, excluding cases with known intracranial hemorrhage or prior large-area stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study population consisted of 447 patients who were evaluated with T2*-gradient echo sequences to detect the CMBs lesion number, location, and their association with white matter hyperintensities and clinical parameters, including blood pressure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CMB lesions were presented in 95 of the 447 patients (21.3%). The distribution of CMBs was 43.95% cortical, 19.77% thalamic, 14.41% in the brainstem, 11.58% cerebellar, 6.21% periventricular white matter, 5.64% involving the basal ganglia regions, and 0.28% involving the hippocampus. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of CMBs and advancing age (adjusted OR 2.082, P < 0.01), the severity of hypertension (adjusted OR 2.208, P < 0.01). Also there was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) correlation between the presence of CMBs and the severity of hypertension and white matter lesions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CMBs occur frequently in patients with no prior large-area stroke who were referred for brain MRI for suspected cerebrovascular disease. The severity of CMBs correlates with the severity of hypertension and the presence of cerebral white matter changes detected by MRI.</p>

DNCE regimen for treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DNCE [DXM, navelbine (NVB), DDP and Vp-16] regimen and DICE [dexamethasone (DXM), ifosfamide (IFO), cisplatin (DDP) and etoposide (Vp-16)] regimen in the treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 69 patients with histopathologically proved advanced aggressive and highly aggressive NHL were randomized into trial group (32 patients treated with DNCE regimen) and control group (37 patients treated with DICE regimen). The control group was given DICE regimen: DXM 20 mg, iv d1 approximately d4; IFO 1 g/m2), iv d1 approximately d4; Mesna 400 mg, iv q8h, d1 approximately d4; DDP 25 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; Vp-16 100 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; one cycle for 21 approximately 28 days. The trial group was given DNCE regimen: DXM 20 mg, iv d1 approximately d4; NVB 25 mg/m2, iv d1 and d5; DDP 25 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; Vp-16 100 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; one cycle for 21 approximately 28 days. Each patient completed at least 2 cycles of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A better efficacy was shown in the complete response rate, partial response rate, and total response rate between DNCE and DICE groups (18.8% vs. 10.8%, 37.5% vs. 35.1%, and 56.3% vs. 45.9%, respectively), but the differences were statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were not significantly increased in DNCE group compared with that in DICE group (86.5% vs. 87.5%, 58.3% vs. 63.2%, 42.9% vs.38.5%, respectively, P > 0.05). The major side effects were leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea in both groups. The bone marrow depression in DNCE group was significantly slighter than that in the DICE group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy of DNCE regimen is as good as DICE regimen, and the bone marrow toxicity is less severe in DNCE group than that in DICE regimen. Therefore, the DNCE regimen is an effective second-line salvage regimen for the treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.</p>

HPLC-MS3 analysis of chemical constituents in Epimedium brevicornum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of effective part of Epimedium brevicornum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The sample was extracted with ethanol and purified by macroporous resin. The structures were identified by HPLC-MS3 experiments.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were identified from the effective part of E. brevicornum.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple and rapid for the identification of the flavonoids from E. brevicornum.</p>