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INTRODUCTION: Abdominal and neural angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis and A. cantonensis, respectively, are zoonotic diseases involving snails as intermediate hosts. Colombia has already reported human cases, and the increasing distribution of Lissachatina fulica and Cornu aspersum raises public health concerns due to the potential risk of disease transmission in areas where parasites and hosts coexist. OBJECTIVE: To identify the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in snail species L. fulica and C. aspersum in Antioquia, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study had a population of 5,855 L. fulica and C. aspersum snails captured in the ten towns of the Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia), 169 samples were collected in 28 sampling points. Lung tissues of the collected snails were dissected and analyzed to detect Angiostrongylus spp. through molecular techniques. RESULTS: Angiostrongylus spp. were identified in both L. fulica and C. aspersum. Angiostrongylus costaricensis was detected in 18 pooled prevalence of 30% (95% CI = 19.2-43.3), and Medellín was the municipality with the highest number of positive samples (33.3%). Seventy-two-point-two percent of the positive places reported the presence of rodents. None of the tests were positive for A. cantonensis. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide important insights into the epidemiology and distribution of Angiostrongylus spp. in Antioquia, Colombia. The identification of these parasitic nematodes in L. fulica and C. aspersum highlights the potential role of these snails as intermediate hosts in the transmission of Angiostrongylus spp. infections in the Valle de Aburrá, with implications for human and veterinary health.
Introducción: La angiostrongiliasis abdominal y neura causadas por Angiostrongylus costaricensis y A. cantonensis, respectivamente son zoonosis que involucran caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios. Colombia ya ha reportado casos en humanos y la ampliación de la distribución de Lissachatina fulica y Cornu aspersum aumenta la preocupación en salud pública debido al riesgo potencial de transmisión en áreas donde los parásitos y sus huéspedes coexisten. Objetivo: Identificar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. en caracoles de las especies L. fulica y C. aspersum en Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal prospectivo con una población de 5.855 caracoles de L. fulica o C. aspersum, capturados en diez ciudades del valle de Aburrá; 169 muestras fueron recolectadas en 28 puntos de muestreo. Se disecaron los tejidos pulmonares de los caracoles y se emplearon técnicas moleculares para detectar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. Resultados: Angiostrongylus costaricensis fue detectado en 18 muestras agrupadas (30 %; IC95%: 19,2-43,3), tanto en L. fulica como en C. aspersum. Medellín fue el municipio con el mayor número de muestras positivas (33,3 %). El 72,2 % de los lugares positivos reportaron la presencia de roedores. Ninguna de las pruebas fue positiva para A. cantonensis. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos brindan información importante sobre la distribución de Angiostrongylus spp. en Antioquia (Colombia). La identificación de estos nemátodos en L. fulica y C. aspersum resalta el papel potencial de estos caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios en la transmisión de infecciones por Angiostrongylus en el valle de Aburrá, con implicaciones para la salud humana y veterinaria.
Assuntos
Angiostrongylus , Caramujos , Infecções por Strongylida , Animais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Angiostrongylus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Caramujos/parasitologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções por Strongylida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is responsible for various clinical syndromes, classically linked with fever and acute kidney injury. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted in six health institutions in the region of Urabá, Colombia. Enrollment was based on leptospirosis-compatible clinical syndrome and a positive preliminary serological test, with PCR used to confirm the disease. Clinical data were collected using a standard questionnaire at enrollment, complemented with a review of clinical records. A total of 100 patients were enrolled, 37% (95% CI 27.0-46.9%) had a positive PCR result confirming acute leptospirosis. The most frequent symptoms in patients with a positive PCR test were headache (91.9%; 34/37), chills and sweating (80.6%; 29/37), nausea (75%; 27/37), dizziness (74.3%; 26/37), vomiting (61.1%; 22/37), congestion (56.8%; 21/37), and conjunctival suffusion (51.4%; 19/37). The frequency of clinical signs classically described in leptospirosis was low: jaundice (8.3%; 3/36) and anuria/oliguria (21.6%; 8/37). An increased neutrophile percentage was reported in 60.6% (20/33) of patients. The presence of complications was 21.6% (8/37), with pulmonary complications being the most frequent (75.0% 6/8). One confirmed case died resulting in a fatality of 2.7% (95% CI 0.5-13.8). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Leptospirosis should be considered within the differential diagnoses of an undifferentiated acute febrile syndrome. Leptospirosis presents diagnostic challenges due to limitations in both clinical and laboratory diagnosis thus it is important to improve understanding of disease presentation and identify signs and symptoms that might help differentiate it from other causes of febrile illness.
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Febre , Leptospirose , Humanos , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Leptospirose/complicações , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Febre/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Idoso , Criança , Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospira/genética , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Canine leptospirosis is a zoonosis of epidemiological importance. Dogs are recognized as primary reservoirs of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicola and a source of infection to the environment through urine. This study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies against Leptospira in canines from 49 municipalities in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. We performed a cross-sectional study of dogs included in a neutering control program. We collected 1335 sera samples, assayed by a microagglutination test (MAT), and performed PCR detection in 21 urine samples. We also surveyed 903 dog owners. We found a seroreactivity of 11.2% (150/1335) in Antioquia with titers ≥1:50. Municipalities with the highest number of cases were Belmira (46.1%), Turbo (34.5%), and Concepción (31.0%). L. santarosai was identified by phylogenetic analysis in one urine sample from the municipality of Granada. The most important factor associated with a positive result was the lack of vaccination against leptospirosis (PR 3.3, p ≤ 0.014). Environmental factors such as water presence and bare soil around the household were also associated with Leptospira seroreactivity in the Department of Antioquia. We reviewed a national epidemiological surveillance database for human cases in those municipalities. We found a correlation between the high number of cases in canines and humans, especially in the Uraba. Serological and molecular results showed the circulation of Leptospira. Future public health efforts in the municipalities with the highest numbers of seroreactivity should be directed towards vaccination to prevent animal disease and decrease the probability of transmission of Leptospira. Dogs actively participate in the Leptospira cycle in Antioquia and encourage the implementation of vaccination protocols and coverage.
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Abstract Introduction. Abdominal and neural angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis and A. cantonensis, respectively, are zoonotic diseases involving snails as intermediate hosts. Colombia has already reported human cases, and the increasing distribution of Lissachatina fulica and Cornu aspersum raises public health concerns due to the potential risk of disease transmission in areas where parasites and hosts coexist. Objective. To identify the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in snail species L. fulica and C. aspersum in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study had a population of 5,855 L. fulica and C. aspersum snails captured in the ten towns of the Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia), 169 samples were collected in 28 sampling points. Lung tissues of the collected snails were dissected and analyzed to detect Angiostrongylus spp. through molecular techniques. Results. Angiostrongylus spp. were identified in both L. fulica and C. aspersum. Angiostrongylus costaricensis was detected in 18 pooled prevalence of 30% (95% CI = 19.2-43.3), and Medellín was the municipality with the highest number of positive samples (33.3%). Seventy-two-point-two percent of the positive places reported the presence of rodents. None of the tests were positive for A. cantonensis. Conclusion. Our findings provide important insights into the epidemiology and distribution of Angiostrongylus spp. in Antioquia, Colombia. The identification of these parasitic nematodes in L. fulica and C. aspersum highlights the potential role of these snails as intermediate hosts in the transmission of Angiostrongylus spp. infections in the Valle de Aburrá, with implications for human and veterinary health.
Resumen Introducción. La angiostrongiliasis abdominal y neura -causadas por Angiostrongylus costaricensis y A. cantonensis, respectivamente- son zoonosis que involucran caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios. Colombia ya ha reportado casos en humanos y la ampliación de la distribución de Lissachatina fulica y Cornu aspersum aumenta la preocupación en salud pública debido al riesgo potencial de transmisión en áreas donde los parásitos y sus huéspedes coexisten. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. en caracoles de las especies L. fulica y C. aspersum en Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal prospectivo con una población de 5.855 caracoles de L. fulica o C. aspersum, capturados en diez ciudades del valle de Aburrá; 169 muestras fueron recolectadas en 28 puntos de muestreo. Se disecaron los tejidos pulmonares de los caracoles y se emplearon técnicas moleculares para detectar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. Resultados. Angiostrongylus costaricensis fue detectado en 18 muestras agrupadas (30 %; IC95%: 19,2-43,3), tanto en L. fulica como en C. aspersum. Medellín fue el municipio con el mayor número de muestras positivas (33,3 %). El 72,2 % de los lugares positivos reportaron la presencia de roedores. Ninguna de las pruebas fue positiva para A. cantonensis. Conclusión. Estos hallazgos brindan información importante sobre la distribución de Angiostrongylus spp. en Antioquia (Colombia). La identificación de estos nemátodos en L. fulica y C. aspersum resalta el papel potencial de estos caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios en la transmisión de infecciones por Angiostrongylus en el valle de Aburrá, con implicaciones para la salud humana y veterinaria.
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Introduction: Leptospirosis represents a public health problem and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the region of Urabá. However, its notification reveals diagnostic limitations. Objective: To establish the incidence of leptospirosis in the municipalities of the so-called eje bananero in the Urabá region, to describe the magnitude of underreporting, and to propose guidelines for laboratory diagnosis by the public health network. Materials and methods: Two leptospirosis information sources were used: The national official surveillance system and a cross-sectional study of 479 acute-phase patients from April, 2010, to May, 2012. The diagnosis was made using three different tests: Indirect immunofluorescence, microagglutination test, and blood cultures. The exhaustiveness percentage of each information source was calculatedusing the capture and recapture test. Results: From the total number of cases, 58% (278/479) were positive for leptospirosis at least by a test and 10.43% (29/278) of cases were positive by all three methods. The inclusion of a native strain in the microagglutination test panel increased the percentage of positivity by 15%. The cumulative incidence rate was 66.5/100,000 inhabitants and the case fatality ratio was 2.15%. The underreporting rates of leptospirosis in the Urabá region were 27.8% in morbidity and 66.6% in mortality. Conclusion: Under-registration of leptospirosis in the region highlights the necessity to use more than one diagnostic test to identify Leptospira in patients from endemic areas. Underregistration could be a common situation throughout the country.
Introducción. La leptospirosis representa un problema de salud pública y es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la región de Urabá, cuya notificación se ve afectada por las deficiencias en el diagnóstico. Objetivo. Establecer la incidencia de la leptospirosis en los municipios del llamado 'eje bananero' de la región de Urabá, documentar la magnitud del subregistro y proponer orientaciones para el diagnóstico por laboratorio por parte de la red de salud pública. Materiales y métodos. Se compararon dos fuentes de información sobre la leptospirosis: el sistema oficial nacional de vigilancia y un estudio transversal de 479 pacientes febriles, llevado a cabo entre abril de 2010 y mayo de 2012. El diagnóstico se hizo con base en tres pruebas: inmunofluorescencia indirecta, microaglutinación y hemocultivo. La exhaustividad de cada fuente de información se estimó mediante el método de captura y recaptura. Resultados. El 58 % (278/479) de los pacientes fueron positivos para leptospirosis, por lo menos, en una de las pruebas y, el 10,43 % (29/278), en las tres. La inclusión de una cepa nativa en el panel de la prueba de microaglutinación aumentó el porcentaje de positividad en 15 %. La tasa acumulada de incidencia fue de 66,5 por 100.000 habitantes y la proporción de letalidad fue de 2,15 %. El subregistro de la morbilidad por leptospirosis en la región de Urabá, fue de 27,8 % y, el de la mortalidad, de 66,6 %. Conclusión. El subregistro de leptospirosis en la región reitera la necesidad de usar más de una prueba diagnóstica para identificar Leptospira spp. en pacientes de zonas endémicas. Este subregistro podría ser una situación común en todo el país.
Assuntos
Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Testes de Aglutinação , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Sangue/microbiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Incidência , Leptospira/imunologia , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of the study was to discover cases of childhood leptospirosis in four municipalities in the region of Urabá (Colombia) and the factors related to the severity of clinical manifestations. A retrospective cross-sectional study assessed 74 children aged younger than 17 years with febrile syndrome due to leptospirosis between 2010 and 2012. The majority of cases were in children from urban areas (57/74; 77%), between 10 and 14 years of age (33/74; 44.5%). The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) revealed that the most frequent serogroups were Grippotyphosa and Bratislava, which are associated with wildlife and livestock reservoirs, respectively. There was a association between the presence of household pets and the severity of the disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-7.60; p=0.05). The risk of severe childhood leptospirosis is linked to having household pets.
Assuntos
Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. La leptospirosis representa un problema de salud pública y es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la región de Urabá, cuya notificación se ve afectada por las deficiencias en el diagnóstico. Objetivo. Establecer la incidencia de la leptospirosis en los municipios del llamado 'eje bananero' de la región de Urabá, documentar la magnitud del subregistro y proponer orientaciones para el diagnóstico por laboratorio por parte de la red de salud pública. Materiales y métodos. Se compararon dos fuentes de información sobre la leptospirosis: el sistema oficial nacional de vigilancia y un estudio transversal de 479 pacientes febriles, llevado a cabo entre abril de 2010 y mayo de 2012. El diagnóstico se hizo con base en tres pruebas: inmunofluorescencia indirecta, microaglutinación y hemocultivo. La exhaustividad de cada fuente de información se estimó mediante el método de captura y recaptura. Resultados. El 58 % (278/479) de los pacientes fueron positivos para leptospirosis, por lo menos, en una de las pruebas y, el 10,43 % (29/278), en las tres. La inclusión de una cepa nativa en el panel de la prueba de microaglutinación aumentó el porcentaje de positividad en 15 %. La tasa acumulada de incidencia fue de 66,5 por 100.000 habitantes y la proporción de letalidad fue de 2,15 %. El subregistro de la morbilidad por leptospirosis en la región de Urabá, fue de 27,8 % y, el de la mortalidad, de 66,6 %. Conclusión. El subregistro de leptospirosis en la región reitera la necesidad de usar más de una prueba diagnóstica para identificar Leptospira spp. en pacientes de zonas endémicas. Este subregistro podría ser una situación común en todo el país.
Abstract Introduction: Leptospirosis represents a public health problem and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the region of Urabá. However, its notification reveals diagnostic limitations. Objective: To establish the incidence of leptospirosis in the municipalities of the so-called eje bananero in the Urabá region, to describe the magnitude of underreporting, and to propose guidelines for laboratory diagnosis by the public health network. Materials and methods: Two leptospirosis information sources were used: The national official surveillance system and a cross-sectional study of 479 acute-phase patients from April, 2010, to May, 2012. The diagnosis was made using three different tests: Indirect immunofluorescence, microagglutination test, and blood cultures. The exhaustiveness percentage of each information source was calculatedusing thecapture and recapture test. Results: From the total number of cases, 58% (278/479) were positive for leptospirosis at least by a test and 10.43% (29/278) of cases were positive by all three methods. The inclusion of a native strain in the microagglutination test panel increased the percentage of positivity by 15%. The cumulative incidence rate was 66.5/100,000 inhabitants and the case fatality ratio was 2.15%. The underreporting rates of leptospirosis in the Urabá region were 27.8% in morbidity and 66.6% in mortality. Conclusion: Under-registration of leptospirosis in the region highlights the necessity to use more than one diagnostic test to identify Leptospira in patients from endemic areas. Under-registration could be a common situation throughout the country.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Sangue/microbiologia , Testes de Aglutinação , Vigilância da População , Incidência , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Doenças Endêmicas , Leptospira/imunologia , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangueRESUMO
Resumen La salmonelosis es una enfermedad infecciosa de alta prevalencia a nivel mundial en la cual las tortugas han sido reconocidas como portadores crónicos. Diferentes estudios han reportado la presencia de Salmonella spp. en tortugas de río en diferentes países, sin embargo, ha sido poco reportada en individuos en libertad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de Salmonella spp. en tortugas de río en cautiverio (n= 55) y en libertad (n= 50) en el Urabá antioqueño (Colombia) entre 2015-2016. Se incluyeron las especies Trachemys venusta, Rhinoclemmys melanosterna y Kinosternon leucostomum. Se tomó la muestra de materia fecal por hisopado cloacal, se cultivó y de las colonias aisladas se realizó extracción de ADN y reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR). De la población muestreada (n=105) se encontraron dos individuos positivos a Salmonella spp., ambos en cautiverio, machos, adultos y pertenecientes a la especie R. melanosterna. Los resultados obtenidos no excluyen la posibilidad de infección debido a la intermitencia en la excreción de la bacteria en heces. Esta investigación aporta evidencia a la presencia de la bacteria en las tortugas de la región de estudio y la necesidad de implementar medidas preventivas que disminuyan el contacto con estas especies, y por lo tanto la probabilidad de transmisión de salmonelosis no tifoidea en la población humana de la región.
Abstract Salmonellosis is a high prevalence infectious diseases worldwide and turties have been recognized as chronic carriers. Studies have reported the presence of Salmonella spp in river turtles in different countries; however, studies in wild individuals are less common. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of Salmonella spp in wild (n=50) and in captivity (n=55) river turtles in Uraba Antioqueño (Colombia) between 201 5-2016. Trachemys venusta, Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, and Kinosternon leucosto-mum were included. Feces samples were taken by cloaca swab׳ cultures were performed, and DNA extraction and PCR were made from the colonies isolated. From total population(n=105) two male, adults in captivity were positive, the specie was R. melanosterna. The results obtained do not exclude infection due to the intermittence in the excretion of the bacteria in feces. This research provides evidence of the presence of the bacteria in turtles from the region and highlights the requirement to implement preventive activities to reduce contact with these species, and decrease the probability of transmission of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in human population around the region.
Resumo Salmonelose é uma doença de alta prevalência mundial. As tartarugas são reconhecidas como portadoras crônicas. Em diferentes países tem sido relatado a presença de Salmonella spp. em tartarugas de rios embora, poucos são os estudos em indivíduos selvagens. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar na região do Urabá Antioqueño (Colombia) nos anos 2015 e 2016 a presença de Salmonella spp. em tartarugas selvagens (n = 50) e em cativeiro (n = 55). Foram incluídas tartarugas das espécies Trachemys venusta, Rhinoclemmys melanosterna e Kinosternon leucostomum. Foi coletada por esfregaço cloacal e para cultura uma amostra de fezes. A partir das colônias isoladas foi realizada extração de DNA para testes moleculares (PCR). Da população total (n = 105) foram positivos do grupo de cativeiro dois machos adultos da espécie R. melanosterna. Devido à intermitência na excreção das bactérias nas fezes os resultados obtidos não excluem a infecção. Esta pesquisa fornece evidências da presença da bactéria em tartarugas da região do Urabá e destaca a necessidade de implementar atividades preventivas para reduzir o contato com essas espécies selvagens e diminuir a probabilidade de transmissão zoonótica de salmonelose não tifoidal na população humana da região.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El crecimiento urbano en Colombia acompañado del aumento en la adquisición de mascotas genera un riesgo potencial de presentación de enfermedades zoonóticas. Objetivo: Explorar hábitos de higiene y convivencia asociados a la presencia de parásitos intestinales zoonóticos en propietarios de caninos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en un grupo de 50 personas que poseían caninos parasitados, en una clínica veterinaria de Pasto (Colombia). Se realizó un estudio coproparasitológico seriado a los propietarios de estos animales y se aplicó un cuestionario sobre características demográficas, hábitos de higiene y hábitos de convivencia con su canino. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante prueba ji2 y razones de prevalencia. Aquellas variables que mostraron asociación con la presencia de parasitismo (valor p>0,2) ingresaron a un modelo multivariado. Resultados: La prevalencia de parasitismo en los propietarios fue del 30%. El parasito más común fue Ascaris spp. (18%). Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de parásitos en los propietarios, no desinfectarse las manos y convivir con diferentes especies de animales. Discusión: Los participantes del estudio mostraron tener hábitos de higiene saludables con respecto al manejo de alimentos y el lavado de manos después de múltiples tareas, y aceptaron mantener un estrecho vínculo con sus perros a través de juegos y caricias. El lavado de manos no siempre se acompañó del uso de desinfectantes que pudieran controlar la carga parasitaria. La convivencia con otros ejemplares específicos amplía las posibles vías de transmisión por contaminación ambiental.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Urban growth in Colombia accompanied by an increase in the acquisition of pets generates a potential risk of the appearance of zoonotic diseases. Objective: To explore the hygiene and coexistence habits associated with the presence of the zoonotic gastrointestinal parasite in canine owners. Materials and methods: A crosssectional study was carried out in a group of 50 people that owned parasitized canines in a veterinary clinic of Pasto (Colombia). A serial copro-parasitological study was performed to the owners of these animals, and a questionnaire about demographic characteristics, hygiene habits and coexistence habits with their canine pets was applied. The data obtained were analyzed with a ji2 independence test and prevalence ratio. Those variables that showed association with the presence of parasitism (p value >0,2) were added to a multivariate model. Results: The prevalence of parasitism among the owners of the pets was 30%. The most common parasite was Ascaris spp (18%). Statistically, a significant association was found between the presence of parasites in the owners, not sanitizing their hands and interacting with different species of animals. Discussion: The study participants showed having healthy hygiene habits regarding food handling and hand washing after multiple tasks, and they agreed to maintain a close contact with their dogs through gaming and petting. Handwashing was not always followed by the use of disinfectants that could control the parasitic charge. Coexistence with other specimens extends possible routes of transmission through environmental contamination.
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RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue describir los casos de leptospirosis infantil en cuatro municipios de la región de Urabá (Colombia) y factores relacionados con severidad de los cuadros clínicos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico retrospectivo de 74 pacientes menores de 17 años con síndrome febril por leptospirosis entre 2010 y 2012. El mayor número de casos correspondió a niños de áreas urbanas (57/74; 77%), entre 10 y 14 años (33/74; 44,5%). La respuesta por MAT más frecuente fue a los serogrupos Grippothyposa y Bratislava, asociados a reservorios silvestres y pecuarios respectivamente. Se encontró asociación entre la presencia de animales domésticos dentro de la vivienda (OR 2,73; IC95% 0,98-7,60; p=0,05) y la severidad de la enfermedad. El riesgo de leptospirosis infantil severa se relaciona con la tenencia de animales domésticos dentro de la vivienda.
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to discover cases of childhood leptospirosis in four municipalities in the region of Urabá (Colombia) and the factors related to the severity of clinical manifestations. A retrospective cross-sectional study assessed 74 children aged younger than 17 years with febrile syndrome due to leptospirosis between 2010 and 2012. The majority of cases were in children from urban areas (57/74; 77%), between 10 and 14 years of age (33/74; 44.5%). The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) revealed that the most frequent serogroups were Grippotyphosa and Bratislava, which are associated with wildlife and livestock reservoirs, respectively. There was a association between the presence of household pets and the severity of the disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-7.60; p=0.05). The risk of severe childhood leptospirosis is linked to having household pets.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Anticorpos AntibacterianosRESUMO
Objetivo: diagnosticar la presencia de parásitos y enterobacterias de importancia en salud pública en poblaciones ferales de Columba livia en zonas urbanas del municipio de Envigado, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal prospectivo con cuarenta palomas en seis lugares diferentes. Se evaluó plumaje para determinar ectoparásitos, hisopado coanal y cloacal, y muestra de sangre de la vena axilar. Se realizó examen directo con solución salina y yodada; técnica de flotación y tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen. El diagnóstico de hemoparásitos se efectuó mediante método de gota gruesa, coloración de Wright y tinción Hemacolor®. Se utilizó API 20e® para Enterobacterias. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación entre hemoparásitos y ectoparásitos. Resultados: Escherichia coli (95%), Haemoproteus spp. (73%), Columbicola columbae (64%), ooquistes compatibles con Eimeria spp. (55%), Pseudolynchia canariensis (52%), Trichomona spp. (40%), Capillaria spp. (28%), Menopon gallinae (24%), Ascaridia spp. (8%), y un caso de Enterobacter cloacae. Se identificó la presencia de Ornithonyssus bursa en nidos de algunas de las aves muestreadas. Discusión: Aunque se han presentado reportes de casos eventuales de ellos en personas dentro de la revisión de literatura, los microorganismos aislados tienen un bajo riesgo de transmisión en humanos; sin embargo pueden convertirse en un problema de salud pública veterinaria al ser potenciales fuentes de infección a la fauna silvestre urbana con quienes comparten albergue, fuentes de agua y alimento. Conclusión: El mayor porcentaje fue ooquistes compatibles con Eimeria spp (55%) y enterobacterias como E. coli (95%). Ornithonyssus bursa en las palomeras evidencia la presencia de un patógeno potencialmente zoonótico, causante de lesiones dérmicas en humanos.
Objective: to determine the presence of parasites and enterobacteria that are relevant to public health among feral populations of Columba livia inhabiting urban areas of the Envigado municipality, Colombia. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional, prospective study in which 40 pigeons were taken from six different areas. The feathers were assessed to determine ectoparasitic infestation. Likewise, coanal and cloacae swab was conducted and blood samples were taken from the axillar veins. Direct examination of feces with saline and iodine solution was performed, the flotation technique was used and the Ziehl-Neelsen staining tests were conducted. Haemoparasites were diagnosed with the thick smear method, Wright and Hemacolor® staining. The API 20e® system was used for enterobacteria. Descriptive statistic procedures were carried out along with a correlation analysis between haemoparasites and ectoparasites. Results: Escherichia coli (95%), Haemoproteus spp. (73%), Columbicola columbae (64%), oocysts compatible with Eimeria spp. (55%), Pseudolynchia canariensis (52%), Trichomona spp. (40%), Capillaria spp. (28%), Menopon gallinae (24%), Ascaridia spp. (8%), and a case of Enterobacter cloacae. Additionally, the presence of Ornithonyssus bursa was detected in the nests of some of the birds sampled in this study. Discussion: In spite of the reports of sparse cases of infection in humans found in the literature, the microorganisms isolated in this study have a low risk of transmission in humans. However, they may become a veterinary public health problem since they are a potential source of infection for the urban wildlife with which they share water, food and refuge. Conclusion: The most important percentage was that of oocysts compatible with Eimeria spp (55%) and enterobacteria such as E. coli (95%). The presence of Ornithonyssus bursa in the nests evidences a potentially zoonotic pathogen responsible for dermatological lesions in humansPresence of parasites and enterobacteria in feral pigeons (Columba livia) in urban areas of Envigado, Colombia
Assuntos
Columbidae , ZoonosesRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de infección y/o enfermedad por micobacterias en primates cautivos y en personal que trabaja en centros de atención de fauna silvestre y zoológicos en Antioquia.