RESUMO
Thoracic duct cysts in the mediastinum are extremely rare; they can give rise to chylothorax when they spontaneously rupture or after they are operated on. We present the case of an adult woman with a thoracic duct cyst in the mediastinum and chylothorax from its spontaneous rupture; to our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been specifically reported before. We describe the clinical and radiological findings, the therapeutic management, and the pathology findings, reviewing the literature for this entity.
Assuntos
Cisto Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Cisto Mediastínico/complicações , Radiografia Torácica , Ruptura Espontânea , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Long-term follow-up course for patients with idiopathic pleural effusions has not been established. METHODS: From October 2013 to June 2021 all patients with idiopathic effusion were prospectively followed up with clinical examination and imaging at 1, 3, 6 and every 6 months for a minimum of 1â¯year. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with idiopathic effusion and followed up. Mesothelioma was detected during the follow-up in two patients at 7 and 18 months, one of whom had blood-tinged pleural fluid and the other reported a 10% weight loss. Mesothelioma was not diagnosed in any of the patients with effusion covering less than two thirds of the hemithorax, and without constitutional symptoms or a blood-tinged fluid appearance. Most of the effusions resolved or showed a clear improvement in the first six months. CONCLUSION: Patients without weight loss and with small, non-hematic effusions, may benefit from conservative treatment and clinical-radiological follow-up.
Assuntos
Líquidos Corporais , Mesotelioma , Derrame Pleural , Humanos , Exsudatos e Transudatos , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Redução de PesoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the radiologic findings of extrapulmonary air in the chest and to review atypical and unusual causes of extrapulmonary air, emphasizing the importance of the diagnosis in managing these patients. CONCLUSION: In this article, we review a series of cases collected at our center that manifest with extrapulmonary air in the thorax, paying special attention to atypical and uncommon causes. We discuss the causes of extrapulmonary according to its location: mediastinum (spontaneous pneumomediastinum with pneumorrhachis, tracheal rupture, dehiscence of the bronchial anastomosis after lung transplantation, intramucosal esophageal dissection, Boerhaave syndrome, tracheoesophageal fistula in patients with esophageal tumors, bronchial perforation and esophagorespiratory fistula due to lymph-node rupture, and acute mediastinitis), pericardium (pneumopericardium in patients with lung tumors), cardiovascular (venous air embolism), pleura (bronchopleural fistulas, spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with malignant pleural mesotheliomas and primary lung tumors, and bilateral pneumothorax after unilateral lung biopsy), and thoracic wall (infections, transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia, and subcutaneous emphysema after lung biopsy).
Assuntos
Enfisema Mediastínico , Enfisema Subcutâneo , Humanos , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , Ruptura , Enfisema Subcutâneo/etiologia , Tórax , TraqueiaRESUMO
We present the case of a young woman with a history of previously treated pleural and pulmonary tuberculosis referred to our hospital for chest pain and a single pleural nodule seen on plain chest films and chest CT. Cultures of inflammatory-type material obtained by US-guided fine-needle biopsy of the pleural lesion were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The diagnosis was a paradoxical reaction to antituberculosis treatment; after 6 more months of treatment, the pleural lesion and chest pain disappeared.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Pleural/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de Tempo , Tuberculose Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Portal hypertension is a clinical entity defined by a hydrostatic pressure greater than 5mm Hg in the portal territory, being clinically significant when it is greater than or equal to 10mm Hg. Starting from this threshold, complications can develop, such as the bleeding of esophageal varices, the appearance of ascites, or hepatic encephalopathy. Imaging techniques play an important role as a noninvasive method for determining whether portal hypertension is present. This article analyzes various imaging findings that can suggest the presence of portal hypertension and can help to define its etiology, severity, and possible complications.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Portal/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , HumanosRESUMO
Introducción No se ha determinado la evolución de los pacientes con derrames pleurales idiopáticos con un seguimiento a largo plazo. Métodos Entre octubre de 2013 y junio de 2021 se hizo un seguimiento prospectivo de todos los pacientes con derrame idiopático mediante exploración clínica y estudios de imagen al cabo de 1, 3 y seis meses y cada seis meses durante un mínimo de un año. Resultados Veintinueve pacientes fueron diagnosticados de derrame idiopático y objeto de seguimiento. Durante el seguimiento se detectó un mesotelioma en dos pacientes al cabo de siete y 18 meses; en uno de ellos se observó líquido pleural teñido de sangre y el otro refirió una pérdida de peso de 10%. En ninguno de los pacientes con derrame que cubriera menos de dos tercios del hemitórax y sin síntomas constitucionales ni aparición de líquido teñido de sangre se diagnosticó un mesotelioma. La mayoría de los derrames desaparecieron o mostraron una clara mejoría en los primeros seis meses. Conclusiones Los pacientes sin pérdida de peso y con derrames no hemáticos pequeños pueden beneficiarse de un tratamiento conservador y un seguimiento clínico-radiológico (AU)
Introduction Long-term follow-up course for patients with idiopathic pleural effusions has not been established. Methods From October 2013 to June 2021 all patients with idiopathic effusion were prospectively followed up with clinical examination and imaging at 1,3,6 and every 6 months for a minimum of 1 year. Results Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with idiopathic effusion and followed up. Mesothelioma was detected during the follow-up in two patients at 7 and 18 months, one of whom had blood-tinged pleural fluid and the other reported a 10% weight loss. Mesothelioma was not diagnosed in any of the patients with effusion covering less than two thirds of the hemithorax, and without constitutional symptoms or a blood-tinged fluid appearance. Most of the effusions resolved or showed a clear improvement in the first six months. Conclusions Patients without weight loss and with small, non-hematic effusions, may benefit from conservative treatment and clinical-radiological follow-up (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Seguimentos , Tratamento ConservadorRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de una mujer joven con antecedente de tuberculosis pleural y pulmonar previamente tratada, que acudió a nuestro hospital por dolor torácico y nódulo pleural único visualizado en radiografía simple y TC torácicas. Se realizó punción con aguja fina guiada por ecografía torácica de la lesión pleural con la que se obtuvo material de tipo inflamatorio para estudio con cultivo positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. El diagnóstico fue de reacción paradójica al tratamiento antituberculoso y fue tratada durante 6 meses más con resolución de la lesión pleural y el dolor torácico
We present the case of a young woman with a history of previously treated pleural and pulmonary tuberculosis referred to our hospital for chest pain and a single pleural nodule seen on plain chest films and chest CT. Cultures of inflammatory-type material obtained by US-guided fine-needle biopsy of the pleural lesion were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The diagnosis was a paradoxical reaction to antituberculosis treatment; after 6 more months of treatment, the pleural lesion and chest pain disappeared
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias Pleurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose Pulmonar/patologia , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico/métodos , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Radiografia TorácicaRESUMO
La hipertensión portal (HTP) es una condición clínica definida por una presión hidrostática >5mmHg en el territorio venoso portal, siendo clínicamente significativa cuando es ≥10mmHg. A partir de este umbral pueden desarrollarse complicaciones, como sangrado de varices esofágicas, aparición de ascitis o encefalopatía hepática. Las técnicas de imagen tienen un papel importante como método no invasivo para determinar la presencia de HTP. En este artículo se analizan varios hallazgos radiológicos que pueden sugerir HTP y contribuir a definir su etiología, gravedad y posibles complicaciones
Portal hypertension is a clinical entity defined by a hydrostatic pressure greater than 5mm Hg in the portal territory, being clinically significant when it is greater than or equal to 10mm Hg. Starting from this threshold, complications can develop, such as the bleeding of esophageal varices, the appearance of ascites, or hepatic encephalopathy. Imaging techniques play an important role as a noninvasive method for determining whether portal hypertension is present. This article analyzes various imaging findings that can suggest the presence of portal hypertension and can help to define its etiology, severity, and possible complications
Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/diagnóstico por imagem , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ascite/prevenção & controle , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalopatia Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Biomarcadores/análise , Derivação Portossistêmica Transjugular Intra-Hepática , Circulação ColateralRESUMO
Los quistes mediastínicos del conducto torácico son extremadamente raros y pueden dar lugar a quilotórax por rotura espontánea o en el postoperatorio de estas lesiones. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de edad adulta con un quiste mediastínico del conducto torácico y quilotórax debido a rotura espontánea, no descrito previamente en la bibliografía de forma específica. Los hallazgos clínico-radiológicos, el manejo terapéutico y la anatomía patológica se describen, revisando la bibliografía respecto a esta entidad (AU)
Thoracic duct cysts in the mediastinum are extremely rare; they can give rise to chylothorax when they spontaneously rupture or after they are operated on. We present the case of an adult woman with a thoracic duct cyst in the mediastinum and chylothorax from its spontaneous rupture; to our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been specifically reported before. We describe the clinical and radiological findings, the therapeutic management, and the pathology findings, reviewing the literature for this entity (AU)