Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents an important factor that increases the risk of myocardial infarction, and more severe complications. Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) exhibit cardioprotective potential, but their efficacy in MetS-related myocardial dysfunction has not been fully explored. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of exenatide and dulaglutide on heart function and redox balance in MetS-induced rats. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats with induced MetS were divided into three groups: MetS, exenatide-treated (5 µg/kg), dulaglutide-treated (0.6 mg/kg). After 6 weeks of treatment, in vivo heart function was assessed via echocardiography, while ex vivo function was evaluated using a Langendorff apparatus to simulate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heart tissue samples were analyzed histologically, and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured spectrophotometrically from the coronary venous effluent. Both exenatide and dulaglutide significantly improved the ejection fraction by 3% and 7%, respectively, compared to the MetS group. Histological analyses corroborated these findings, revealing a reduction in the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes by 11% in the exenatide and 18% in the dulaglutide group, indicating reduced myocardial damage in GLP-1RA-treated rats. Our findings suggest strong cardioprotective potential of GLP-1RAs in MetS, with dulaglutide showing a slight advantage. Thus, both exenatide and dulaglutide are potentially promising targets for cardioprotection and reducing mortality in MetS patients.

The Potential of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinopathy during women's reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder featuring specific cardiometabolic properties. The association between the presence of metabolic disorders and PCOS supports the claim that the regulation of glycemic status is very important in these patients. There is a wide range of therapeutic options (including those treating diabetes mellitus type 2) with potential advantages available for the management of PCOS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) improve glucose metabolism, reduce fat tissue, lower blood pressure, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and protect the cardiovascular system. Currently, the use of SGLT-2is is not widespread in PCOS therapy, although these drugs represent a promising new therapeutic approach. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate further study in order to determine more effective therapies for PCOS and investigate the effect of SGLT-2is, both as a monotherapy and in combination with other drugs. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying SGLT-2is in PCOS and their effects on long-term complications, especially since the gold standard treatment for PCOS, such as metformin and oral contraceptives, do not have long-term cardioprotective effects. The effects of SGLT-2is seem to involve cardiac protection, while diminishing endocrine and reproductive abnormalities in PCOS. In the current narrative review, we examine the most recent clinical evidence and discuss the potential applications of SGLT-2is for PCOS therapy.