RESUMO
To induce a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, various tumor antigens should be loaded onto dendritic cells (DCs). In multiple myeloma (MM), it is difficult to obtain a sufficient number of autologous tumor cells as a source of tumor antigens in the clinical setting. We investigated the feasibility of immunotherapy in patients with MM, using myeloma-specific CTLs generated in vitro by alpha-type 1-polarized DCs (alphaDC1s) loaded with the ultraviolet B-irradiated allogeneic myeloma cell line, ARH77. alphaDC1s significantly increased the expression of several costimulatory molecules without differences in loading with tumor antigens. alphaDC1s showed a high production of interleukin-12 during maturation and after subsequent stimulation with CD40L but were not significantly affected by loading tumor antigens. Myeloma-specific CTLs against autologous myeloma cells from MM patients were induced by alphaDC1s pulsed with apoptotic ARH77 cells. Our data indicate that autologous DCs loaded with an allogeneic myeloma cell line can generate potent myeloma-specific CTL responses against autologous myeloma cells and might provide a practical method for cellular immunotherapy in patients with MM.
Assuntos
Apoptose/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo , Transplante de Neoplasias , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Transplante Homólogo , Apresentação de Antígeno/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/citologiaRESUMO
We investigated the possibility of immunotherapy for multiple myeloma (MM) using myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that were stimulated in vitro by dendritic cells (DCs) pulsing with purified and optimized myeloma lysates. CD14(+) cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. On day 6, the immature DCs were pulsed with the purified myeloma cell lysates, and then maturation of the DCs was induced by the addition of a cytokine cocktail. There were no differences in the phenotypic expressions of mature DCs that were generated by pulsing with CD138(+) cell lysates or total cell lysates. In optimization of the concentration of myeloma lysates, DCs pulsed with 10 microg/mL of myeloma lysate had greater allogeneic T-cell stimulatory capacities than those pulsed with higher concentrations of myeloma lysates. The CTL lines generated by DCs pulsed with myeloma lysates demonstrated potent cytotoxic activities against autologous target cells, but not against HLA-A2(-) cell lines or K562 cell lines. The DCs pulsed with myeloma lysates demonstrated a higher stimulatory capacity for autologous CTL compared with mature nonpulsed DCs. These results suggested that the DCs pulsed with purified and optimized myeloma cell lysates could generate potent myeloma-specific CTLs for approaches in MM.
Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Melanoma/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Células K562 , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/biossíntese , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Fenótipo , Sindecana-1/biossínteseRESUMO
Uncarinic acid C (URC) is triterpene isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and is a pharmacologically active substance. The induction of dendritic cells (DC) is critical for the induction of Ag-specific T lymphocyte responses and may be essential for the development of human vaccines relying on T cell immunity. DC might be a potential target for URC. We demonstrate that URC activates human DC as documented by phenotypic and functional maturation, and altered cytokine production. The expression of CD1a, CD38, CD40, CD54, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CCR7 on URC-primed DC was enhanced. The production of IL-12p70 by URC-primed DC was higher than that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed DC. The production of IL-12p70 by URC-primed DC was inhibited by the anti-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) monoclonal antibody (mAb), but partially abolished by anti-TLR2 mAb. mRNA coding for TLR2 and TLR4 was expressed in URC-primed DC. URC-primed DC induced the NF-κB transcription factor. Naïve T cells co-cultured with URC-primed DC turned into typical Th1 cells that produced large quantities of IFN-γ depending on IL-12 secretion. URC enhanced the T cell stimulatory capacity in an allo MLR. In the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay (CTL) assay, DNA fragmentation assay and (51)Cr release on URC-primed DC were more augmented than that of TNF-α-primed DC. DC matured with URC had an intermediate migratory capacity towards CCL19 and CCL21. These results suggest that URC modulates DC function in a fashion that favors Th1 polarization via the activation of IL-12p70 dependent on TLR4 signaling, and may be used on DC-based vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
RESUMO
Ursolic acid is triterpene isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and is a pharmacologically active substance. The induction of dendritic cell maturation is critical for the induction of Ag-specific T-lymphocyte response and may be essential for the development of human vaccine relying on T cell immunity. In this study, we investigated that the effect of Ursolic acid on the phenotypic and functional maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Dendritic cells harvested on day 8 were examined using functional assay. The expression levels of CD1a, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CCR7 on Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells was slightly enhanced. Ursolic acid dose-dependently enhanced the T cell stimulatory capacity in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, as measured by T cell proliferation. The production of IL-12p70 induced by Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells was inhibited by the anti-Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) mAb and anti-TLR4 mAb. Moreover, Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells expressed levels of mRNA coding for both TLR2 and TLR4. The majority of cells produced considerable interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but also small amounts of interleukin (IL-4)-4. Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells have an intermediate migratory capacity towards CCL19 and CCL21. These results suggest that Ursolic acid modulates human dendritic cells function in a fashion that favors Th1 polarization via the activation of IL-12p70 dependent on TLR2 and/or TLR4, and may be used on dendritic cells-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocinas CC/farmacologia , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunofenotipagem , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Concentração Osmolar , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Uncaria/química , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) affects on the function of antigen presenting cells with somewhat controversies. We investigated the effects of ATRA on differentiation, maturation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Low dose (10(-14)M) or high dose (10(-6)M) of ATRA was added either when monocytes were differentiated into immature DCs (imDCs) or mature DCs (mDCs) were induced. Apoptotic cell populations were dramatically increased in imDCs or mDCs with increasing concentration of ATRA. The productions of IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 were significantly suppressed in imDCs or mDCs induced by the addition of ATRA in the dose-dependent manner, whereas IL-10 was increased. DCs cultured with ATRA induced the differentiation of naïve T cells towards a helper T cell type 2 (Th2) response and expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Allostimulatory capacity of DCs was suppressed with increasing concentration of ATRA. These findings suggest that ATRA inhibits the effects on the differentiation, maturation and function of human monocyte-derived DCs in vitro and also enhance the differentiation of naïve T cell toward the Th2 type.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/fisiologia , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/fisiologia , Forma Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/fisiologia , Receptor de Manose , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/metabolismo , Monócitos/fisiologia , Fenótipo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Células Th2/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th2/imunologia , Células Th2/metabolismo , Células Th2/fisiologiaRESUMO
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a role in natural killer (NK) cell activation, while NK cells are also able to activate and mature DCs. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of DCs and NK cells induce the maturation and activation of these cells when engaged with their cognate ligand. We investigated to generate potent DCs by maturation with NK cells in the presence of TLR agonist in vitro and tested the efficacy of these DC vaccinations in mouse colon cancer model. The optimal ratios of DCs versus NK cells were 1:1 to 1:2. Immature DCs were mature with NK cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, which is TLR4 agonist, and further addition of IL-2 induced phenotypically and functionally mature bone marrow-derived DCs. These potent DCs exhibited not only high expression of several costimulatory molecules and high production of IL-12p40 and IL-12p70, but also high allogeneic T cells stimulatory capacity, and the induction of the high activities to generate tumor-specific CTLs. Consistently, vaccination with these DCs efficiently inhibited CT-26 tumor growth in mouse colon cancer model when compared to other vaccination strategies. Interestingly, combination therapy of these DC-based vaccines and with low-dose cyclophosphamide showed dramatic inhibition effects of tumor growth. These results suggest that the DCs maturated with NK cells in the presence of TLR agonist are potent inducer of antitumor immune responses in mouse model and may provide a new source of DC-based vaccines for the development of immunotherapy against colon cancer.