Associations of the consumption of unprocessed red meat and processed meat with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality, and the dose-response relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the associations of unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, and the dose-response relationship. METHODS: Published literature was retrieved through a structured search of 10 electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane (CENTRAL), WHOLIS, PAHO and Embase, without language or year of publication restrictions. In addition, we searched the references of published studies. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes: The PRISMA Statement. RESULTS: Twenty-one prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic review. The CVDs evaluated in the inserted studies were stroke, heart failure (HF) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Considering the heterogeneity found in the studies, for the meta-analysis, 9 articles were included. The results presented in the meta-analysis of the association of consumption of unprocessed red meat and CVD indicated that there was a significant association with total stroke incidence (RR 1.10; 95%; CI 1.01 to 1.19; p = 0.02). There was no association with Ischemic stroke incidence, nor CHD Mortality with consumption of unprocessed red meat. However, for Hemorrhagic Stroke Mortality the assessment in the consumption of unprocessed red meat showed an association of protection for women (RR 0.64; 95%; CI 0.45 to 0.91; p = 0.01). As for the results of the meta-analysis of the association between consumption of processed meat and CVD, they indicated that there was a significant association with total stroke incidence (RR 1.17; 95%; CI 1.08 to 1.26; p < 0.0001). There was no association with Ischemic stroke, nor with CHD Mortality with consumption of processed meat. Some studies that showed no association of risk, presented a significant linear trend dose response for the association of the consumption of unprocessed red meat (Bernstein et al. 2010; Nagao et al. 2012) or processed meat (Bernstein et al. 2012) and CVD. CONCLUSION: According to the results found in the meta-analysis, the consumption of unprocessed red meat and processed meat are associated with the incidence of stroke, however, no positive association was observed in relation to mortality from CVD. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (number: CRD42019100914).

Training in communication skills for self-efficacy of health professionals: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Communication skills are essential for health professionals to establish a positive relationship with their patients, improving their health and quality of life. In this perspective, communication skills training can be effective strategies to improve the care provided by professionals in patient care and the quality of health services. OBJECTIVE: To identify the best available evidence on training programs in communication skills to promote changes in attitude and behavior or self-efficacy of health professionals. METHODS: Systematic searches were performed in eight databases, evaluating Randomized Controlled Trials and quasi-experimental studies with a control group, focusing on training communication skills for health professionals, who assessed self-efficacy or behaviors related to these skills. The phases of study selection and data extraction were carried out by two independent researchers, and the conflicts were resolved by a third. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane method. RESULTS: Eight studies were included in the review. Most programs lasted between 4½ h and 2 days, involved information about communication skills and the content was applied to the health professionals' context. Several teaching strategies were used, such as lectures, videos and dramatizations and the evaluation was carried out using different instruments. Improvements in the performance and in the self-efficacy of communication skills were observed in the trained groups. The RCT had a low risk of bias and the quasi-experimental studies had a moderate risk. CONCLUSION: Training in communication skills can improve the performance and self-efficacy of health professionals. Programs that approach the conceptual issues and promote the space for experiential learning could be effective in communication skills training for professionals. PROSPERO: CRD42019129384.

Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy and prenatal care in Brazil: An ecological study.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the incidence of congenital syphilis and the ratio between congenital syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil according to socioeconomic indicators (inadequate water supply and sanitation; illiteracy at 15 years of age or older; household income per capita; proportion of poor people; Gini index; human development index; and average health expenditure per inhabitant by the health system) and prenatal quality-of-care indicators. We conducted an ecological study using a sample composed of 257 municipalities, each with ≥ 100,000 inhabitants. Data was collected from four public databases: the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, comprising socioeconomical data from the 2010 census; and the data of 2019 available in the databases of the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Health System, Information and Management of Primary Care, and the Electronic Citizen Information System. Descriptive analysis of dependent and independent variables and bivariate analysis by Negative Binomial regression were carried out. The mean incidence of congenital syphilis was 38% higher in municipalities with a Human Development Index up to 0.785 (ratio of means [RM] = 1.38; p = 0.049) and 57% higher among populations where less than 50% of primary healthcare services provided a rapid test for syphilis (RM = 1.57; p < 0.001). The ratio between congenital syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women was 29% higher in municipalities with a low household income per capita (RM = 1.29; p < 0.001) and 28% higher in locations where less than 50% of the primary healthcare services provided a rapid test for syphilis (RM = 1.28; p < 0.001). There was no statistical significance of the quality of prenatal care compared to the outcomes. This result underscores the challenges in detecting syphilis infections among pregnant women during prenatal care, consequently increasing the risk of vertical transmission of the disease to the fetus. Traits of inequality in the occurrence of congenital syphilis also draw attention to strategies to reduce health inequities and improve prenatal care.

Is rituximab effective for systemic sclerosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a clinically complex and challenging disease, that leads to skin fibrosis. Its most frequent complication is interstitial lung disease (ILD), which leads to a worse prognosis. In this situation, cyclophosphamide is considered the gold standard for its treatment, despite the controversies regarding its efficacy and toxicity. However, studies using rituximab (RTX) have shown that this drug may be a promising therapeutic option. OBJECTIVES: This paper objective was to analyze the scientific evidence on the RTX effects on SSc. METHODS: A systematic review (SR) was performed including clinical trials (CTs) on the use of RTX in SSc, published up to May 2020. The studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographic databases using a predefined search strategy. The following databases were used: PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIELO, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE, WHOLIS, PAHO and EMBASE. Also, a manual search was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was determined using Jadad scale, Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I). A meta-analysis of the randomized CTs was performed, using Review Manager. RESULTS: Ten CTs were included in this SR. Of these, three were randomized and seven were non-randomized. Five showed a statistically significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) at some time during follow-up. Regarding the skin, eight studies showed statistically significant improvements according toa the modified Rodnan skin score. The meta-analysis found positive effects of RTX in SSc, with a statistical significance for lung disease. CONCLUSION: Rituximab is a promising strategy for the SSc-associated ILD and cutaneous fibrosis treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019132018.

Media and scientific communication about the COVID-19 pandemic and the repercussions on the population's mental health: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Good communication strategies are essential in times of crisis, such as the coronavirus pandemic. The dissemination of inaccurate information and the need for social isolation to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have shown a negative impact on the population, causing damage to mental health, with the appearance or worsening of symptoms of stress, fear, anxiety, and depression. Thus, the systematic review study is intended to gather evidence on the impact of information about COVID-19 on the mental health of the population. METHODS: This systematic review protocol is conducted using the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The review aims to include published studies that address the exposure of the general population to information about COVID-19, through observational and experimental studies, which consider the following outcomes: fear, stress, anxiety, and depression. Thus, a comprehensive research strategy will be conducted in the following databases: PubMed / Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Science Direct, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two independent reviewers will perform all procedures, such as study selection, data collection, and methodological evaluation. Disagreements will be forwarded to a third reviewer. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for data analysis. RESULTS: This systematic review will provide evidence of the influence of access to and consumption of media and scientific information about COVID-19 on the mental health of the population. It will consider information about the characterization of the study and the population studied, clinical and epidemiological information on mental health, and data on access to and consumption of media and scientific information. DISCUSSION: The results should inform about the consequences of communication about the new coronavirus on the emergence or worsening of psychological and psychiatric symptoms, allowing to develop strategies to achieve effective communication of information to promote the mental health of the population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42020182918.

Rituximab in systemic sclerosis: A protocol for systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a clinically complex and challenging disease, the most frequent complication of which is interstitial lung disease, which leads to a worse prognosis. In this situation, cyclophosphamide is considered the criterion standard for treatment, despite the controversies regarding its efficacy and toxicity. However, studies using rituximab (RTX) have shown that this drug may be a promising therapeutic option. The objective is to describe a protocol of a systematic review (SR) that analyzes the scientific evidence on the effects of RTX on SSc. METHODS: This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. The databases to be searched are PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, COCHRANE, WHOLIS, PAHO, and EMBASE. The studies that would be included in SR are clinical trials that evaluate the use of RTX in patients with SSc who meet the classification criteria for the disease according to American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism (2013) and/or LeRoy criteria will be included in the SR. The data to be extracted are related to the characteristics of the studies: authors, year of publication, study location, type of study, sample size and age, patient characteristics, duration of intervention, therapeutic scheme, follow-up time, main variables, and main results. RESULTS: In our study, we hope to find articles presenting new evidence supporting treatment of SSc with RTX. CONCLUSIONS: The SR will present results of scientific evidence for the effects of RTX in SSc. We hope that the results could strengthen clinical decisions for the best treatment of SSc and guide future researches. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019132018.

Training programs in communication skills to improve self-efficacy for health personnel: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patient-centered care should be the focus of health services, where improvements in the communication skills of health professionals promote excellent health and quality care. Thus, this study is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs in communication skills to promote self-efficacy in the communication of health personnel. METHODS: This systematic review protocol is conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) statement guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The review should include studies carried out with health professionals who have undergone training in communication skills aimed at promoting their self-efficacy. Clinical trials (randomized, non-randomized), community trials, and quasi-experimental studies should be included. Therefore, the comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Science Direct, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two independent reviewers will conduct all study selection procedures, data extraction, and methodological evaluation, and disagreements will be referred to a third reviewer. RevMan 5.3 software will be used to gather data and perform the meta-analysis if possible. RESULTS: This systematic review will provide evidence on more effective programs for communication skills training and will consider information such as duration, educational strategies, assessment measures, and outcomes that promote health worker self-efficacy. DISCUSSION: This systematic review should provide evidence for effective communication skills training for health professionals in order to guide new strategies for quality care. DISSEMINATION AND ETHICS: The findings of this scoping review will be disseminated in print, at conferences, or via peer-reviewed journals. Ethical approval is not necessary as this paper does not involve patient data. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019129384.

Red meat consumption, risk of incidence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality, and the dose-response effect: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: Red and (particularly) processed meats are high in cholesterol and saturated and solid fatty acids. Their consumption is considered one of the risk factors for metabolic disorders. Numerous studies demonstrated a possible association between red meat consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this protocol, we propose a systematic review of the literature to examine the associations of red meat consumption with CVD incidence and mortality, and explore the potential dose-response relationship. METHODS: We will search MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane (CENTRAL), WHOLIS, PAHO, and Embase. We will include prospective epidemiological studies (longitudinal cohort). Risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Four independent researchers will conduct all evaluations. Disagreements will be referred to a fifth reviewer. We will summarize our findings using a narrative approach and tables to describe the characteristics of the included studies. The heterogeneity between trial results will be evaluated using a standard chi-squared test with P < .05. We will conduct the study in accordance with the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). RESULTS: This review will evaluate the association between red meat consumption and incidence of CVD and mortality (primary outcome measures). The secondary outcome measure will include the dose-response effect. CONCLUSION: The findings of this systematic review will summarize the latest evidence of the association between red meat consumption and incidence of CVD and mortality and the dose-response effect through a systematic review and meta-analysis. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019100914.

Multicentre cross-sectional study on adverse events and good practices in maternity wards in Brazil and Mexico: same problems, different magnitude.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of delivery care in maternity wards in Brazil and Mexico based on good practices (GP) and adverse events (AE), in order to identify priorities for improvement. DESIGN: A multicentre cross-sectional study with data collection from medical records between 2015 and 2016 to compare indicators of maternal and neonatal GP and EA based on the Safe Childbirth Checklist and standardised obstetric quality indicators. Two Brazilian and five Mexican maternity wards participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were performed to assess performance and significant differences between the hospitals investigated. SAMPLING: We analysed 720 births in Brazil and 2707 in Mexico, which were selected using a systematic random sampling of 30 medical records every fortnight for 12 2-week periods in Brazil and 18 2-week periods in Mexico. We included women and their newborns, excluding those with congenital malformations. RESULTS: The Mexican hospitals showed greater adherence to GP (58.2%) and a lower incidence of AE (12.9%) than the participating institutions in Brazil (26.8% compliance with GP and 16.0% AE). In spite of these differences, the relative importance of particular quality problems and type of AE are similar in both countries. Tertiary hospitals, caring for women at higher risk, have significantly (p<0.001) higher rates of AE (27.2% in Brazil and 29.6% in Mexico) than institutions attending women at lower risk, where the frequency of AE ranges from 4.7% to 11.2%. Differences were significant (p<0.001) for most indicators of GP and AE. CONCLUSION: Data from outcome and process measures revealed similar types of failures in the quality of childbirth care in both countries and indicate the need of rationalising the use of antibiotics for the mother and episiotomy, encouraging greater adherence to partograph and to the use of magnesium sulfate for the treatment of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia.

Is rituximab effective for systemic sclerosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) Is a clinically complex and challenging disease, that leads to skin fibrosis. Its most frequent complication is interstitial lung disease (ILD), which leads to a worse prognosis. In this situation, cyclophosphamide is considered the gold standard for its treatment, despite the controversies regarding its efficacy and toxicity. However, studies using rituximab (RTX) have shown that this drug may be a promising therapeutic option. Objectives: This paper objective was to analyze the scientific evidence on the RTX effects on SSc. Methods: A systematic review (SR) was performed including clinical trials (CTs) on the use of RTX in SSc, published up to May 2020. The studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographic databases using a predefined search strategy. The following databases were used: PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIELO, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE, WHOLIS, PAHO and EMBASE. Also, a manual search was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was determined using Jadad scale, Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I). A meta-analysis of the randomized CTs was performed, using Review Manager. Results: Ten CTs were included in this SR. Of these, three were randomized and seven were non-randomized. Five showed a statistically significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) at some time during follow-up. Regarding the skin, eight studies showed statistically significant improvements according toa the modified Rodnan skin score. The meta-analysis found positive effects of RTX in SSc, with a statistical significance for lung disease. Conclusion: Rituximab is a promising strategy for the SSc-associated ILD and cutaneous fibrosis treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019132018.(AU)

Análisis de fallos y efectos en la preparación y dispensación de quimioterápicos / Failure mode and effect analysis in the preparation and dispensation of chemotherapy / Análise de falhas e efeitos na preparação e dispensação de quimioterápicos

OBJETIVO: Realizar un Análisis Multimodal de fallas y efectos para identificar prospectivamente los riesgos relacionados a la fase de la preparación y dispensación de medicamentos quimioterápicos en una unidad ambulatoria de un centro de referencia en oncología. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron las seis primeras etapas del Análisis Multimodal de fallas y Efectos: identificar las situaciones peligrosas y montar un equipo; definir el proceso a ser analizado describiendo gráficamente; aplicar lluvia de ideas buscando identificar modos de fallas; priorizar los modos de fallas y realizar análisis de riesgos; identificar las causas potenciales de los modos de fallo y volver a dibujar el proceso. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron diecisiete modos de falla, siendo dos clasificados como de alto riesgo: cambiar la ventana de salida del medicamento y cálculo erróneo de la dosis de medicamento intratecal. CONCLUSIONES: Se identificaron los posibles modos de falla que se relacionaban al proceso analizado, además, fue posible definir causas potenciales para la existencia de esos riesgos

AIM: Conduct a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to prospectively identify the risks related to the preparation and dispensation of chemotherapy drugs at an outpatient unit of a reference center in oncology. METHODS: The first six stages of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis were used to identify dangerous situations and assemble a team; define the process to be analyzed and describe it graphically; apply a host of ideas to identify failure modes; prioritize failure modes and conduct risk analysis; identify potential causes of failure modes and redesign the process. RESULTS: Seventeen failure modes were identified, two of which were classified as high risk: changing the output window for the drug and miscalculating the intrathecal drug dose. CONCLUSIONS: The possible failure modes related to the process analyzed were identified; in addition, it was possible to define potential causes of these risks

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma Análise Multimodal de Falhas e Efeitos para identificar prospectivamente os riscos relacionados à fase do preparo e dispensação de medicamentos quimioterápicos em uma unidade ambulatorial de um centro de referência em oncologia. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas as seis primeiras etapas da Análise Multimodal de Falhas e Efeitos: identificar as situações perigosas e montar uma equipe; definir o processo a ser analisado descrevendo graficamente; aplicar chuva de ideias buscando identificar modos de falhas; priorizar os modos de falhas e realizar análise dos riscos; identificar causas potenciais dos modos de falha e redesenhar o processo. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados dezessete modos de falha, sendo dois classificados como de alto risco: trocar a janela de saída do medicamento e cálculo errado da dose de medicamento intratecal. CONCLUSÕES: Foram identificados os possíveis modos de falha que se relacionavam ao processo analisado, além disso, foi possível definir causas potenciais para a existência desses riscos

Acesso e implicações da automedicação em idosos na atenção primária à saúde / Access and implications of self-medication in the elderly in primary health care / Acceso e implicaciones de la automedicación en ancianos en la atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: avaliar o acesso e sua interferência no processo da automedicação em idosos. Método: estudo de avaliação de serviços com corte seccional, com idosos de ambos os sexos, que utilizam os serviços da atenção primária à saúde, pertencente ao município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Foram realizadas 121 entrevistas, em nove unidades básicas de saúde no ano de 2016. Os dados foram analisados a partir do teste T de Student e o teste Qui-Quadrado, para determinar a significância estatística entre as variáveis independentes e os desfechos. Resultados: a prevalência de automedicação foi de 66,7%, associada negativamente ao acesso, atributo desfavoravelmente avaliado pelos idosos (média de 3,4). A febre (19,8%) foi a principal queixa motivadora de automedicação, sendo os analgésicos, os fármacos mais utilizados na automedicação. A automedicação apresentou associação significativa entre idade e medicamento sem prescrição médica para febre e cefaleia. Conclusão: apesar de não ter encontrado associação entre acesso e automedicação, foi identificada a alta prevalência dessa prática. Assim, é necessário que haja o fortalecimento da atenção primária, por meio de políticas voltadas às necessidades dos idosos com abordagem integral e com maior acesso ao atendimento multidisciplinar e multiprofissional, e não apenas a oferta de medicamentos.

Objective: to evaluate the access and its interference in the process of selfmedication in the elderly. Method: evaluation study of cross-sectional services with elderly men and women who use primary health care services in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. A total of 121 interviews were conducted in 09 basic health units of the municipality in 2016. Data were analyzed using the Student's ttest and chi-square test to determine the statistical significance between the two independent variables and outcomes. Results: the prevalence of self-medication was 66.7%, being negatively associated with access, a negatively assessed attribute in the perception of the elderly, showing an unsatisfactory degree (mean of 3.4). Fever (19.8%) was the main motivating complaint of self-medication, with analgesics being the most used self-medication. Self-medication showed a significant association between age and nonprescription medication for fever and headache. Conclusion: despite not finding an association between access and selfmedication, the high prevalence of this practice was identified. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen primary care through policies focused on the needs of the elderly with a comprehensive approach and greater access to multidisciplinary and multiprofessional care, not just the supply of medicines.

Objetivos: evaluar el acceso y su interferencia en el proceso de la automedicación en ancianos. Metodo: Estudio de evaluación de servicios transversales con ancianos que utilizan los servicios de Atención Primaria a la Salud en la cidad de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Se realizaron 121 entrevistas, en nueve unidades de atención primaria de salud en 2016. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba t de Student y la prueba de chi-cuadrado para determinar la significacíon estadística entre las variables independentes y resultados. Resultados: La prevalencia de la automedicación fue del 66,7%, asociada negativamente al acceso, un atributo desfavorablemente evaluado por los ancianos(media de 3,4). La fiebre (19,8%) fue la principal queja motivadora de la automedicación, siendo los analgésicos la automedicacíon más utilizados. La automedicación msotró asociación significativa entre edad y la medicacíon sin receta para la fiebre e el dolor de cabeza. Conclusión: aunque no se encontró asociación entre el acceso y la automedicación, se identificó la alta prevalencia de esta práctica. Por lo tanto, es necesario fortalecer la atención primaria a través de políticas centradas en las necesidades de las personas mayores con un enfoque integral y un mayor acceso a la atención multidisciplinaria y multiprofesional, no solo el suministro de medicamentos.

Adaptation and validation of the World Health Organization's on Safe Childbirth Checklist for the Brazilian context / Adaptação e validação da lista de verificação do parto seguro da Organização Mundial da Saúde para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Objectives: to culturally adapt and validate the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) in Brazilian hospitals. Methods: a methodological study was carried out with consensus techniques and cross-cultural adaptation stages. The original SCC underwent three adaptation and validation stages: 1- nominal group with a panel of experts; 2- consensus conference at two maternity schools, in meetings with professionals who would use the list; 3- pre-test with a structured questionnaire for health professionals from both maternities (n=40) after 30 days of using the checklist. Validation criteria contemplated the content validity, adequated to Brazilian protocols, terminology and feasibility for local context. Results: the adapted SCC in Brazil was called the Lista de Verificação para o Parto Seguro - Brasil (LVPS-BR) (Checklist for Safe Childbirth -Brazil) and included 49 items. In the first stage, the 29 items of the original SCC were approved with some adaptations (e.g. CD4 was replaced by the Rapid HIV Test). In the second stage, some of the 29 items were adjusted and added 24 items more. In the third stage, three items were excluded, two were grouped and one more was added. Conclusions: the validation process provided a potentially useful LVPS for the Brazilian context, presenting validity and feasibility evidences for the Brazilian context.

Resumo Objetivos: adaptar culturalmente e validar o Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) da OMS para os hospitais brasileiros. Métodos: realizou-se uma pesquisa metodológica com técnicas de consenso e etapas de adaptação transcultural. O SCC original passou por três etapas de adaptação e validação: 1- grupo nominal com painel de especialistas; 2- conferência de consenso em duas maternidades escolas, em reuniões com profissionais que utilizariam a lista; 3- pré-teste com questionário estruturado aos profissionais de saúde das duas maternidades (n=40) após 30 dias de sua utilização. Critérios de validação contemplaram as validades de face e conteúdo, adequação aos protocolos nacionais, terminologia e viabilidade no contexto local. Resultados: o SCC adaptado para o Brasil foi denominado Lista de Verificação para o Parto Seguro - Brasil (LVPS-BR), contendo 49 itens. Na primeira etapa, os 29 itens do SCC original foram aprovados com algumas adaptações (ex.: CD4 substituído por Teste Rápido para HIV). Na segunda etapa, ocorreram ajustes em alguns dos 29 itens e acrescentaram-se 24 itens. Na terceira etapa, excluíram-se três itens, agruparam-se dois e acrescentou-se um. Conclusões: o processo de validação disponibilizou uma LVPS potencialmente útil para o contexto brasileiro, apresentando indícios de validade e viabilidade para o contexto nacional.

Treinamento de habilidades não-técnicas em unidades de terapia intensiva: uma revisão sistemática / Non-technical skills training in intensive care units: a systematic review

Habilidades não-técnicas consistem em habilidades sociais, pessoais e cognitivas que podem influenciar a segurança e a eficiência na realização de tarefas. Estudos apontam que em unidades de terapia intensiva, a maioria dos incidentes de segurança tem a baixa performance nessas habilidades como causa-raiz, sendo os programas de treinamento uma alternativa para resolução desse problema. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da implementação de programas de habilidades não-técnicas em unidades de terapia intensiva a partir do modelo de avaliação de programas de treinamento de Kirkpatrick que inclui a reação ao treinamento, aprendizado, comportamentos e resultados organizacionais. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, registrada na plataforma PROSPERO sob o código: CRD42021244769. Foram considerados para revisão artigos originais publicados nas seguintes bases/portais: Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, CINHAL, EMBASE e PsycINFO. Foram incluídos estudos do tipo ensaios clínicos randomizados, quase-experimentais com grupo controle e do tipo antes e depois. O risco de viés para os estudos incluídos foi avaliado utilizando as ferramentas Risk of Bias 2, Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions e NHI Assessment Tool for Before and After Studies. Duas duplas de revisores selecionaram e avaliaram os trabalhos de maneira independente, e em caso de discordâncias, um quinto revisor foi consultado. De um universo de 3976 documentos identificados nas bases/portais, 14 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Na dimensão reação, os participantes avaliam os programas de treinamento como úteis, ainda que as estratégias de ensino implementadas tenham sido diversas. Os efeitos sobre a dimensão aprendizado foram explorados por apenas um estudo e não foram significativos. Foi identificada uma relação positiva entre a adoção de programas de treinamento de habilidades não-técnicas e a melhoria de comportamentos de trabalho em equipe, consciência situacional, liderança e comunicação. Na dimensão de resultados, indicadores de cultura de segurança do paciente, bem como de tempo de permanência e mortalidade não foram alterados de maneira significativa e a melhoria de indicadores de processo foi limitada. A análise do risco de viés apontou uma baixa qualidade metodológica, ligada majoritariamente a forma de aferição dos desfechos, predominantemente autoreferida. A adoção dos programas de treinamento de habilidades não-técnicas em unidades de terapia intensiva mostra efeitos ainda limitados, mas que podem contribuir com o currículo de formação profissional existente (AU).

Non-technical skills are social, personal, and cognitive skills that can influence safety and efficiency in performing tasks. Studies show that in intensive care units, most safety incidents have low performance in these skills as their root cause, and training programs are an alternative to solving this problem. This study aimed to analyze the effect of implementing non-technical skills programs in intensive care units based on Kirkpatrick's evaluation model for training programs, which includes reaction to training, learning, behaviors, and organizational results. For this, we perform a systematic review, registered on the PROSPERO platform under the code: CRD42021244769. We review original articles published in the following databases/portals: Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, CINHAL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. We include randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies with a control group, or studies with a before and after design. The risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2, Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions, and NHI Assessment Tool for Before and After Studies tools. Two pairs of reviewers independently selected and evaluated the works, and in case of disagreement, we consulted the fifth reviewer. From a universe of 3976 documents identified in the databases/portals, 14 studies were included in the review. In the reaction dimension, the participants evaluated the training programs as useful, even though the teaching strategies implemented were different. Only one study explored the effect of the training program on the learning dimension, however, the difference was not significant. We identified a positive relationship between the adoption of non-technical skills training programs and the improvement of teamwork behaviors, situational awareness, leadership, and communication. In the organizational results, there were no significant changes observed in patient safety culture, as well in the length of stay and mortality rates, and the improvement of process indicators was limited. The analysis of the risk of bias indicated a low methodological quality, mostly linked to the way of measuring the outcomes, predominantly self-reported. The adoption of non-technical skills training programs in intensive care units shows limited effects, but they can contribute to the existing professional training curriculum (AU).