RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) screening in Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs is important to improve TB detection, prevention and treatment. METHODS: As part of a national PMTCT program evaluation, mother-infant pairs attending 6-week and 9-month immunization visits were enrolled at 141 maternal and child health clinics throughout Kenya. Clinics were selected using population-proportion-to-size sampling with oversampling in a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence region. The World Health Organization (WHO) TB symptom screen was administered to HIV-infected mothers, and associations with infant cofactors were determined. RESULTS: Among 498 HIV-infected mothers, 165 (33%) had a positive TB symptom screen. Positive maternal TB symptom screen was associated with prior TB (P = 0.04). Women with a positive TB symptom screen were more likely to have an infant with HIV infection (P = 0.02) and non-specific TB symptoms, including cough (P = 0.003), fever (P = 0.05), and difficulty breathing (P = 0.01). TB exposure was reported by 11% of the women, and 15% of the TB-exposed women received isoniazid preventive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum HIV-infected mothers frequently had a positive TB symptom screen. Mothers with a positive TB symptom screen were more likely to have infants with HIV or non-specific TB symptoms. Integration of maternal TB screening and prevention into PMTCT programs may improve maternal and infant outcomes.
Assuntos
Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Lactente , Isoniazida/administração & dosagem , Quênia , Masculino , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose/transmissão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Tests were performed on the influence of polymer coating films on the rates and the extents of in vitro and in vivo liberation of theophylline from pellets. Uncoated and coated pellets were used in the experiments. The coating material was Eudragit L; The film thickness was varied. The in vivo liberation of theophylline was studied in rabbits. The serum level of the released drug measured with a TDX Analyser. No appreciable difference was observed between the uncoated and the coated pellets as concern the maximum release data, but a significant shift was found in t(max) for Eudragit L coated pellets.