Educational Actions to Raise Student Awareness About the Donation and Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, family refusal to donate organs and tissues is the main reason for not performing transplants, making it necessary to implement different educational strategies in diverse populations on this topic. Thus, this study aimed to raise awareness among school-aged adolescents about the method of organ and tissue donation and transplantation. METHODS: This is a descriptive experience report with a quantitative and qualitative approach to educational actions in the school environment, mediated by the action research method, carried out with 936 students aged between 14 and 18 years from public schools in the interior of Sao Paulo, Brazil. These actions were developed according to the themes identified and worked on through the culture circle, using active methodologies. Two semistructured questionnaires were applied, pre- and postinterventions. For analysis, sample normality tests and Student's t test were used (P < .0001). RESULTS: The topics identified were as follows: clarifications on the legislative history of donation and transplants; diagnosis of brain and circulatory death; bioethical aspects of transplants; reflections on mourning, death, and dying; maintenance and notification of the potential donor; types of viable organs and tissues for donation; and the process from collection to transplantation, among others. Comparative analysis showed statistical differences between pre- and postinterventions. CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions through active methodologies are presented as tools capable of making students aware of organ and tissue donation and transplantation.

Effect of an educational program on physical activity in individuals undergoing their first percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Educational programs designed for specific populations to improve regular physical activity need to be tested. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program, when compared to usual care, on improving physical activity 5 to 7 months after hospital discharge in adult patients undergoing their first percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial with two groups: usual care (n = 56) and educational program (n = 53) interventions. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected and the Baecke-Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire, Self-efficacy Scale for Physical Activity, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered at baseline and follow-up. Participants in the educational program received an intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory, focused on physical activity, followed by three telephone calls. The usual care group received the hospital routine information. Unadjusted and adjusted differences between the two groups in mean score changes (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were calculated for all outcomes. RESULTS: At follow-up, the educational program group showed higher mean ± standard deviation scores than the usual care group for practice of physical activity (7.94 ± 1.84 vs. 6.90 ± 1.89) and for self-efficacy (3.98 ± 3.75 vs. 2.52 ± 3.12). Adjusting for baseline outcome, the difference in mean change between groups was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.46) for physical activity and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.49) for self-efficacy. There were no statistical differences between groups in symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: The educational program may be an effective intervention in increasing habitual physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity in individuals with coronary artery disease.

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about acute coronary syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Guyanese individuals with type 2 diabetes regarding acute coronary syndrome and explore associations between these measures and the population's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted in Linden, Guyana, with sixty type 2 diabetics, interviewed using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Acute Coronary Syndrome-Response Index. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess potential differences between groups according to the ACS-Response Index subscales, and sex, age, time since diabetes diagnosis, and body mass index and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the ACS-Response Index subscales according to educational level. RESULTS: only two participants correctly answered more than 70% of the Knowledge subscale. Participants obtained low mean scores in all subscales. Less than half of the participants reported chest pain and arm pain as symptoms of heart attack. Significant differences were found when comparing Knowledge (p=0.008) and Attitudes (p=0.009) according to educational level. CONCLUSION: individuals with type 2 diabetes showed low level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs. Participants who scored the highest in Knowledge and Attitudes presented the highest educational level. The results show a need for health professionals to heed knowledge deficits regarding acute coronary syndrome among type 2 diabetes.

Comparison of the perceived stigmatization measures between the general population and burn survivors in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To compare perceived stigmatization, symptoms of depression and self-esteem of adults from Brazilian general population with Brazilian burns survivors and to verify the possible correlations between these populations. METHOD: The general population and burn survivors administered the adapted Brazilian versions of the Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire (BR-PSQ-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The Student's t-test for independent samples was employed to identify significant differences between the means of the results from the BR-PSQ-R, BDI and RSES instruments, and the Pearson correlation was used to detect correlations between constructs. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Participants of this study included: 102 individuals from the general population and 240 burn survivors. The difference between the BR-PSQ-R mean scores of the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.077). The mean scores for the BDI (p = 0.001) and RSES (p = 0.001) where found to be lower in the general population, when compared to burn survivors. Moderate correlations were identified between the perceived stigmatization and depression (r = 0.43; p < 0.001) and perceived stigmatization and self-esteem (r = -0.35; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Participants from the general population and burn survivors exhibit similar levels of perception of stigmatization; the general population presented fewer symptoms of depression and a higher self-esteem when compared to burn survivors.

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about acute coronary syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes / Conocimiento, actitudes y creencias sobre el síndrome coronario agudo entre pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 / Conhecimento, atitudes e crenças sobre a síndrome coronariana aguda de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Guyanese individuals with type 2 diabetes regarding acute coronary syndrome and explore associations between these measures and the population's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in Linden, Guyana, with sixty type 2 diabetics, interviewed using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Acute Coronary Syndrome-Response Index. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess potential differences between groups according to the ACS-Response Index subscales, and sex, age, time since diabetes diagnosis, and body mass index and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the ACS-Response Index subscales according to educational level. Results: only two participants correctly answered more than 70% of the Knowledge subscale. Participants obtained low mean scores in all subscales. Less than half of the participants reported chest pain and arm pain as symptoms of heart attack. Significant differences were found when comparing Knowledge (p=0.008) and Attitudes (p=0.009) according to educational level. Conclusion: individuals with type 2 diabetes showed low level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs. Participants who scored the highest in Knowledge and Attitudes presented the highest educational level. The results show a need for health professionals to heed knowledge deficits regarding acute coronary syndrome among type 2 diabetes.

Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento, actitudes y creencias de guayaneses con diabetes tipo 2 sobre el síndrome coronario agudo y explorar la asociación entre esas mediciones y las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de esa población. Método: estudio transversal realizado en Linden, Guayana, con sesenta diabéticos tipo 2 entrevistados usando un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico y el Acute Coronary Syndrome-ACS Response Index. El test Mann-Whitney fue usado para verificar posibles diferencias entre grupos de acuerdo con las subescalas del ACS-Response Index y sexo, edad, tiempo de diagnóstico, e índice de masa corporal, y el test Kruskal-Wallis para comparar las subescalas del ACS-Response Index y el nivel de escolaridad. Resultados: dos participantes respondieron correctamente más de 70% de las preguntas de la subescala Conocimiento. Los participantes obtuvieron bajas puntuaciones en todas las escalas. Menos de la mitad respondieron que el dolor en el pecho y brazo son síntomas de ataque cardíaco. Diferencias significativas fueron encontradas entre el nivel de Conocimiento (p=0.008) y Actitudes (p=0.009) y de escolaridad. Conclusión: diabéticos tipo 2 presentaron bajo nivel de Conocimiento, Actitudes y Creencias. Los participantes con puntuaciones más altas en las subescalas conocimientos y actitudes tuvieron nivel educacional más alto. Los resultados mostraron que profesionales de salud deben prestar atención al conocimiento de los diabéticos tipo 2 sobre el síndrome coronario agudo.

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento, atitudes e crenças de guianenses com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sobre a síndrome coronariana aguda e explorar a associação entre essas medidas e características sociodemográficas e clínicas desta população. Método: estudo transversal realizado em Linden, Guiana. Sessenta pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 foram entrevistados usando um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico e o Acute Coronary Syndrome-Response Index. O teste Mann-Whitney foi usado para verificar possíveis diferenças entre grupos de acordo com sub-escalas do ACS-Response Index e sexo, idade, tempo de diagnóstico, e índice de massa corporal, e o teste Kruskal-Wallis para comparar as sub-escalas do ACS-Response Index e escolaridade. Resultados: dois participantes responderam corretamente mais de 70% das questões da sub-escala Conhecimento. Os participantes obtiveram baixas pontuações em todas as sub-escalas. Menos da metade respondeu que dor no peito e no braço são sintomas de ataque cardíaco. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os níveis de Conhecimento (p=0.008) e Atitudes (p=0.009) e escolaridade. Conclusão: participantes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 apresentaram níveis baixos de Conhecimento, Atitudes e Crenças. Participantes com pontuações mais altas no Conhecimento e Atitudes apresentaram nível educacional mais alto. Os resultados mostram que profissionais da saúde precisam atentar para déficits de conhecimento de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 sobre a síndrome coronariana aguda.

"Programa universitário por um dia": ação de responsabilidade social e inclusão / "Programa universitario por un día": acción de responsabilidad social e inclusión / "University for a day program": action of social responsibility and inclusion

RESUMO Introdução: ações de aproximação de alunos de ensino médio público para universidades públicas são essenciais para facilitar a transição acadêmica e incentivar o ingresso e a permanência estudantil. Tais ações ainda apresentam aos alunos visitantes as possibilidades inerentes ao ambiente acadêmico qualificado e propiciam oportunidades e novo pensar sobre seu futuro pessoal e profissional. Objetivo: relatar as atividades do Programa Universitário por um Dia (EERP-USP), que se caracterizam como ações de responsabilidade social e de inclusão universitária. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, de ações de extensão universitária para os alunos do ensino médio público, obtido a partir da análise de um banco de dados preexistente. Resultados: no período de março a novembro de 2019, o Programa Universitário por um Dia recebeu 426 alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas de Ribeirão Preto-SP e região, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (64%) e com idade média de 17 anos. Do total de participantes do projeto, seis obtiveram aprovação no processo seletivo da Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular (FUVEST) para ingresso na Universidade de São Paulo. Conclusão: os resultados revelam o caráter social de inclusão com impacto positivo como ação de extensão universitária.

RESUMEN Introducción: las acciones para acercar a los estudiantes de secundaria pública a las universidades públicas son fundamentales para facilitar la transición académica y fomentar la matrícula y permanencia de los estudiantes. Tales acciones aún presentan a los estudiantes visitantes las posibilidades inherentes al entorno académico calificado y brindan oportunidades y nuevas formas de pensar sobre su futuro personal y profesional. Objetivo: dar a conocer las actividades del Programa Universitario por un Día (EERP-USP), las cuales se caracterizan como acciones de responsabilidad social e inclusión universitaria. Método: estudio descriptivo, tipo de relato de experiencia, de acciones de extensión universitaria para estudiantes de secundaria pública, obtenido a partir del análisis de una base de datos preexistente. Resultados: en el período de marzo a noviembre de 2019, el Programa Universitario por un Día recibió a 426 estudiantes de secundaria de escuelas públicas de Ribeirão Preto-SP y región, la mayoría mujeres (64%) y con una edad promedio de 17 años. Del total de participantes en el proyecto, seis obtuvieron la aprobación en el proceso de selección de la Fundación Universitaria del Vestibular (FUVEST) para el ingreso a la Universidad de São Paulo. Conclusión: los resultados revelan el carácter social de la inclusión con impacto positivo como acción de extensión universitaria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: actions to bring public high school students closer to public universities are essential to facilitate the academic transition and encourage student enrollment and permanence. Such actions still present visiting students with the possibilities inherent in the qualified academic environment and provide opportunities and new thinking about their personal and professional future. Objective: to report the activities of the University for a Day Program (EERP-USP), which are characterized as actions of social responsibility and university inclusion. Method: descriptive study, type of experience report, of university extension actions for public high school students, obtained from the analysis of a pre-existing database. Results: in the period from March to November 2019, the University for a Day Program received 426 high school students from public schools in Ribeirão Preto-SP and region, the majority being female (64%) and with an average age of 17 years old. Of the total number of project participants, six obtained approvals in the selection process of the Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular (FUVEST) for admission to the University of São Paulo. Conclusion: the results reveal the social character of inclusion with a positive impact as a university extension action.

Activation time analysis and electromyographic fatigue in patients with temporomandibular disorders during clenching.

INTRODUCTION: The use of surface electromyography (SEMG) is controversial in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), although there is some evidence that the pattern of the masticatory muscles in TMD patients differs from controls. The aim of this study was to compare relative time of mandibular elevator muscle activation at different levels of activity and median frequency (MF) during sustained clenching. METHODS: Twenty-two women, aged between 18 and 48years, volunteered to participate in the study. The TMD group had 14 participants diagnosed as group Ia muscle disorders (RDC/TMD). The control group had eight healthy individuals. SEMG records were obtained from masseter and temporal muscles during 10s of sustained clenching. Normalized SEMG amplitudes were classified as minimal, moderate and maximal and time of activation in each level of activity was calculated and compared using two-way ANOVA (groups versus time). A slope of the linear regression line that fits MF values over time was calculated as a fatigue index for elevator muscles. RESULTS: Only the temporal muscles of the TMD group showed longer activation time at moderate and minimal activity levels compared to controls. Fatigue indexes were greater for the TMD group compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Results showed motor control strategies during sustained clenching that differentiate controls from TMD patients.

Atividade física após angioplastia coronária: elaboração e validação de material educativo / Physical activity undergoing angioplasty: development and validation of educational material

RESUMO Objetivo elaborar e validar material educativo sobre a realização de atividade física para pacientes submetidos à angioplastia. Métodos elaborou-se material em formato de cartilha, considerando-se as etapas: levantamento da literatura, elaboração textual pertinente à reabilitação cardíaca e criação de ilustrações. A validação de conteúdo e aparência foi realizada por seis especialistas e seis participantes do público-alvo. Realizou-se pré-teste com outros 10 pacientes que aguardavam a angioplastia. Dados analisados descritivamente. Resultados o material incluiu instruções e exercícios a serem realizados em todas as fases da reabilitação (aquecimento, exercícios, alongamentos, relaxamento). Os avaliadores consideraram o conteúdo pertinente e acataram-se as sugestões sobre a aparência. Pacientes, participantes da validação e do pré-teste consideraram que o material facilitaria a compreensão dos exercícios. Conclusão o material foi considerado adequado para uso em pacientes submetidos à angioplastia.

ABSTRACT Objective to develop and validate educational material on physical activity for patients undergoing angioplasty. Methods material was prepared in a booklet format, considering the steps: survey of the literature, textual development relevant to cardiac rehabilitation and creation of illustrations. Six specialists and six participants from the target audience performed the content and appearance validation. A pre-test was carried out with 10 other patients who were awaiting angioplasty. Data analyzed descriptively. Results the material included instructions and exercises to be performed in all phases of rehabilitation (warm-up, exercises, stretches, relaxation). The evaluators considered the content pertinent and the suggestions on appearance were accepted. Patients, participants in the validation and pre-test, considered that the material would facilitate the understanding of the exercises. Conclusion the material was considered suitable for use in patients submitted to angioplasty.

Vigilância em saúde do trabalhador: o suicídio relacionado ao trabalho / Worker's health surveillance: work-related suicide / Vigilancia de la salud del trabajador: suicidio relacionado con el trabajo

OBJETIVO: investigar as possíveis relações que permeiam as temáticas da ideação suicida e do suicídio associadas aos aspectos internos e externos do trabalho. MÉTODO: ao adotar uma abordagem qualitativa e perspectiva descritiva, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura do período de 2009-2019 operacionalizada por buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF e BVS. RESULTADOS: partiu-se da questão norteadora "Quais são as relações existentes entre o trabalhador, vítima de suicídio, e o ambiente de trabalho em que ele está inserido?" e de descritores, encontrando-se 481 registros, dos quais dez estudos foram selecionados. Separados por dois eixos de análise (aspectos internos e externos), os estudos descreveram dez relações predominantes entre o suicídio e o trabalho, sendo elas: depressão (19,3%); assédio moral/bullying (16,1%); ausência de lazer (12,9%); estresse (9,6%); sobrecarga profissional (9,6%); acidentes no trabalho (9,6%); Síndrome de Burnout (6,4%); isolamento social (6,4%); conflitos entre a família e o trabalho (6,4%) e falta de autonomia no trabalho (3,2%). CONCLUSÃO: os resultados demonstram a relação existente entre o trabalho e o suicídio. Como a Enfermagem é uma potencial promotora no cuidado humanizado, destaca-se a necessidade de vigilância e promoção da saúde para os trabalhadores nesses ambientes.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the possible links between the themes of suicide ideation and suicide associated with the internal and external aspects of the work. METHOD: by adopting a qualitative approach and descriptive perspective, an integrative review of the literature of the 2009-2019 period was carried out by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF and VHL databases. RESULTS: The guiding question "What are the relations between the worker, victim of suicide, and the work environment in which he is inserted?" and descriptors, with 481 records, of which ten studies, were selected. Separated by two axes of analysis (internal and external aspects), the studies described ten predominant relationships between suicide and work, being: depression (19.3%); moral harassment/bullying (16.1%); absence of leisure (12.9%); stress (9.6%); professional overload (9.6%); accidents at work (9.6%); Burnout syndrome (6.4%); social isolation (6.4%); conflicts between family and work (6.4%) and lack of autonomy at work (3.2%). CONCLUSION: the results show the relationship between work and suicide. As nursing is a potential promoter of humanized care, the need for vigilance and health promotion for workers in these environments is highlighted.

OBJETIVO: investigar las posibles relaciones que impregnan los temas de ideación suicida y suicidio, asociados con aspectos internos y externos del trabajo. MÉTODO: adoptando un enfoque cualitativo y una perspectiva descriptiva, se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura para el período 2009-2019 mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF y BVS. RESULTADOS: Basado en la pregunta guía: "¿Cuáles son las relaciones que existen entre el trabajador, una víctima de suicidio y el ambiente de trabajo en el que está insertado?" y descriptores, se encontraron 481 registros, de los cuales se seleccionaron 10 estudios. Separados por dos ejes de análisis (aspectos internos y externos), los estudios describieron 10 relaciones predominantes entre el suicidio y el trabajo, a saber: depresión (19.3%), bullying / bullying (16.1%), ausencia de ocio (12.9%), estrés (9.6%), sobrecarga profesional (9.6%), accidentes laborales (9.6%), síndrome de Burnout (6.4%), aislamiento social (6, 4%), conflictos entre familia y trabajo (6,4%) y falta de autonomía en el trabajo (3,2%). CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados demuestran una relación entre el trabajo y el suicidio. Como la enfermería es un potencial promotor de la atención humanizada, se destaca la necesidad de vigilancia y promoción de la salud de los trabajadores en estos entornos.

Programa universitário por um dia: conhecendo a Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / One day university program: getting to know the Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Programa universitario por un día: conociendo la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto

Objetivo: relatar uma experiência de visita monitorada de alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas da cidade de Ribeirão Preto e região, por meio da participação no Programa Universitário por um dia. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP) da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de abril de 2016 a junho de 2017. Resultados: totalizaram 545 alunos na visita monitorada, o que propiciou a aproximação dos candidatos com os veteranos, egressos e profissionais da EERP, elucidando informações referentes às formas de ingresso no ensino superior, aos cursos existentes, aos programas de apoio à permanência e formação estudantil, como também à carreira profissional. Quanto à dinâmica desenvolvida, foi relatada mais satisfação em relação às atividades em laboratórios de ensino, que envolveram prática de habilidades com simuladores de baixa fidelidade. Os alunos referiram que a visita colaborou principalmente para a compreensão das funções do profissional enfermeiro e dos campos de atuação profissional, o que poderá contribuir positivamente na escolha pela profissão, consciente e assertivamente. Conclusão: a estratégia de visita monitorada se configurou em ação inovadora que favoreceu a integração social e possibilitou o aprendizado científico. Contudo, torna-se premente a manutenção e ampliação de oportunidades e incentivos advindos das universidades públicas que motivem o ingresso e a permanência no ensino superior, de maneira contínua e diligente. Destarte, as atividades de cultura e extensão universitária propiciarão ações afirmativas para que se possa alcançar a transformação e a sustentabilidade da sociedade.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: to report an experience of guided tour of high school students of public schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto and Region, through participation in the University Program for one day. METHOD: a descriptive study, type experience report, developed in the Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP) of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP), in the period from April 2016 to June 2017. RESULTS: a total of 545 students participated in the guided tour, which resulted in the approximation of candidates with the veterans, students and professionals in the EERP, elucidating information concerning forms of entry into higher education, the existing courses, programs of support for the retention and student training, as well as on the professional career. As for the momentum developed, was reported greater satisfaction in relation to the activities in teaching laboratories, involving skills practice with a simulator of low fidelity. Students reported that the visit was primarily for the understanding of the roles of the professional nurse, and the fields of professional activity, which could contribute positively in choosing the profession, consciously and assertive. CONCLUSION: the strategy of monitored visit set up in action innovative that favored social integration and enabled the scientific learning. However, it is important to maintaining and expanding opportunities and incentives from the public universities that will motivate the entry and residence in higher education, in a continuous and diligent. Thus, the activities of culture and university extension will provide affirmative actions to achieve the transformation and the sustainability of society.

Tempo de ativação muscular em portadoras de disfunção temporomandibular durante a mastigação / Muscle activation time during chewing in temporomandibular disorder patients

Objetivo Comparar, entre portadoras de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e controles, o tempo de ativação do músculo masseter e do músculo temporal anterior, em diferentes faixas de amplitude eletromiográfica de superfície, durante a mastigação. Métodos Foram avaliadas 22 voluntárias, com idades entre 18 e 48 anos, divididas em Grupo DTM (n=14) do tipo “Ia”, de acordo com o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TDM) e Grupo Controle (n=8), assintomáticas. Foram registrados, por meio de eletromiografia de superfície, a amplitude e o tempo de ativação dos músculos masseter e temporal anterior, durante mastigação bilateral de Parafilm M® por dez segundos. Os sinais eletromiográficos foram categorizados em três faixas percentuais, 0-39%, 40-74% e 75-100%, relativas ao valor médio de amplitude de três contrações máximas de apertamento dentário. As porcentagens dos tempos totais de ativação (duty factor), em cada uma das faixas de amplitude, foram comparadas entre os grupos pelo teste t-Student, para dados não pareados. Resultados Não houve diferenças significativas do duty factor na comparação entre os grupos controle e DTM. Conclusão A variável eletromiográfica testada não se mostrou útil como ferramenta diagnóstica na prática clínica, o que será possível apenas quando em conjunto com a história clínica e exame físico do indivíduo. .

Purpose This study aimed to compare the time of masseter and anterior temporal muscle activations, in different ranges of surface electromyographic amplitude, between controls and individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) during mastication. Methods Twenty-two female patients, aged 18-48 years, were divided into the TMD group (n=14; TMD type Ia, according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) and the control group (n=8; non-diagnosed and asymptomatic individuals). Time and surface electromyography (SEMG) amplitudes from the anterior temporal and masseter muscles were registered during bilateral chewing of Parafilm M® for 10 s. SEMG amplitudes were categorized as 0-39%, 40-74%, and 75-100% of the mean of three maximal clenchings. The percentages of total activation times (duty factor) in each range of SEMG amplitudes were compared between groups using an unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: There were no differences in duty factor comparisons between groups. Conclusion: The activation time of the masticatory muscles was not found to be shorter in the TMD patients than in the controls. Finally, the application of the electromyographic variable proposed in this study may not be considered useful to diagnose type Ia TMD in clinical practice. However, its application may be complementary to the history and physical examination of these patients. .

Efeito de um programa educativo na realização de atividade física em indivíduos submetidos à primeira intervenção coronária percutânea: ensaio clínico aleatorizado / Effect of an educational program on physical activity in individuals submitted the first percutaneous coronary intervention: Randomized clinical trial

Introdução. A doença arterial coronariana (DAC), principal causa de morte no Brasil em adultos, requer implementação de medidas de promoção da saúde direcionadas para prevenção primária e secundária. Programas educativos, focalizados nas mudanças de estilo de vida, incluindo a realização de atividade física, constituem importante medida para a prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivos. Comparar o efeito de um programa educativo, que incluiu orientações sobre reabilitação cardiovascular focadas na atividade física e reforço por telefone, durante o período da internação (T0 - abordagem inicial) a cinco a sete meses após a alta (T1 - seguimento) de pacientes submetidos à primeira intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) com o serviço de rotina hospitalar. Método. Ensaio clínico controlado e aleatorizado. Foram incluídos pacientes que realizaram a primeira ICP, maiores de 18 anos e que dispunham de linha telefônica. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e registrado no sistema ClinicalTrials.gov. Em T0 todos os participantes responderam aos instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke (QAFH-Baecke), Escala de Autoeficácia para a Prática de Atividade Física, Estado de Saúde Percebido (SF-36) e Sintomas de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). Após a aleatorização, participantes do grupo intervenção (GI) receberam o programa educativo, fundamentado na Teoria Social Cognitiva, focado na atividade física, com uso de cartilha e seguimento telefônico (três contatos). O grupo controle (GC) recebeu informações conforme a rotina na alta hospitalar. Em T1, todos os participantes responderam novamente aos instrumentos. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, teste de Mann-Whitney para todas as variáveis e análise univariada de covariância (ANCOVA) para as medidas de atividade física habitual e autoeficácia para atividade física. Foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxcon para comparar as medidas intragrupo dos desfechos estado de saúde percebido e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados. Os participantes do grupo intervenção apresentaram escores mais altos para a prática de atividade física habitual e autoeficácia para a atividade física do que os participantes do grupo controle em T1 (p <0,001). Na análise univariada de covariância (ANCOVA), constataram-se que as diferenças nos níveis de atividade física habitual e autoeficácia para atividade física resultaram da implementação do programa educativo (F [1,106]=9,05, p<0,001). Não houve diferença, entre GC e GI, em relação ao estado de saúde percebido e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em ambos os períodos. Na comparação intragrupo dessas medidas, observou-se aumento das medianas dos escores do Sumário do Componente Físico do SF-36 e dos sintomas de ansiedade nos dois grupos em T1 (p<0,001). Conclusão. O programa educativo foi efetivo em aumentar a atividade física habitual e autoeficácia para a prática de atividade física em indivíduos com DAC submetidos à primeira ICP, na avaliação do seguimento.

Introduction. Coronary artery disease (CAD), the main cause of death in Brazil in adults, requires the implementation of health promotion measures for primary and secondary prevention. Educational programs focused on lifestyle changes, including physical activity, are an important measure for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Aims. Compare the effect of an educational program, which included guidelines on cardiac rehabilitation focused on physical activity and telephone follow-up, during the period of hospitalization (T0 - baseline) until five to seven months after discharge (T1 - follow-up), of patients submitted the first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with routine hospital service. Method. Controlled and randomized clinical trial. Patients who underwent the first PCI, over 18 years of age and who had a telephone line were included. The study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee and was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov system. At T0, all participants responded the sociodemographic and clinical characterization instruments, Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ), Self-efficacy Scale for Physical Activity, Perceived Health Status (SF-36) and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression (HADS). After randomization, all participants in the intervention group (IG) received the educational program, based on the Social Cognitive Theory, focused on physical activity, using a booklet and telephone follow-up (three contacts). The control group (CG) received information according to a hospital discharge routine. At T1, all participants again answered the instruments. Descriptive analyses and the Mann-Whitney test were applied for all variables; univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for measures of habitual physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity; and the Wilcoxcon test to compare the intragroup measures of the perceived health status outcomes and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The level of significance adopted was 0.05. Results. The participants of the intervention group showed higher scores for the practice of habitual physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity than the participants in the control group at T1 (p<0.001). In the univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the differences in the levels of habitual physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity resulted from the implementation of the educational program (F [1.106]=9.05, p<0.001). There was no difference, between CG and IG, in relation to the perceived health status and symptoms of anxiety and depression in both periods. In the intragroup comparison of these measures, there was increase of the median scores in the SF-36 Physical Component Summary and in the anxiety symptoms in both groups at T1 (p<0.001). Conclusion. The educational program was effective in increasing the habitual physical activity and self-efficacy for the practice of physical activity in individuals with CAD submitted the first PCI, in the evaluation of follow-up.