[Health status of persons with acute radiation sickness caused by Chernobyl AES accident]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia lits, perenesshikh ostruiu luchevuiu bolezn' v rezul'tate avarii na ChAES.

After Chernobyl accident 75 survivors with acute radiation syndrome (ARS) have been under observation in the Clinic of the Institute of Biophysics. Years after accident serious problems occurred in the individuals, who suffered from late effects from radiation injuries (late radiation ulcers and radiation cataracts). One patient suffered on hypernephroma, one-kidney cyst. Observed somatic diseases are gastrointestinal diseases, different neurological diseases and syndromes and upper pulmonary tract diseases. Hemopoiesis system condition was characterised by the development of transient moderate cytopenia (light and moderate degree of ARS patients) as well as the periodical increase of blood cell counts above standard indices (severe degree of ARS patients).

[Elimination of radiation-induced chromosome damage in a culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. II. The frequency of aberrations in the 1st to 5th postradiation mitoses]. / Eliminatsiia radiatsionno-indutsirovannykh povrezhdenii khromosom v kul'ture limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka. II. Chastota aberratsii v pervom--piatom postradiatsionnykh mitozakh.

The number of chromosome aberrations was estimated in the first-fifth mitoses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured with PHA after gamma-irradiation in vitro with 1.5, 3 and 6 Gy doses. The lymphocytes of irradiated blood were incubated at 37 degrees with BrdU (20 micrograms/ml) for 62-122 hours. The first-fifth postirratiation mitoses were identified by the sister chromatid differential staining technique. At all the doses used with cells passing through the first and next postirradiation divisions, the decrease in the number of aberrant metaphases and all the aberration of chromosome type were observed, and with the increase in dose speed of their elimination was growing. No essential differences were found in frequency of paired fragments in the first-fourth mitoses after irradiation with 1.5 Gy dose, in the first-third mitoses after irradiation with 3 Gy dose or in the first-second mitoses after irradiation with 6 Gy dose. In lymphocyte cultures, exposed in 3 and 6 Gy doses, the number of dicentrics in the second mitosis was approximately 2 times smaller than in the first one, and in the third mitosis it was 2 times smaller than in the second one. In the first mitosis, almost all the dicentries were accompanied with paired fragments, in the second and third mitoses the shape of dicentrics without fragments was nearly 30-70%, and in the fourth-fifth mitoses it was almost 95-100%. The decrease in the number of atypical chromosomes, with cells passing through the first and next postirradiation mitoses, was noted only when lymphocytes irradiated with 6 Gy dose were analysed; with 1.5 and 3 Gy doses, the frequency of aberrations in the first-fifth and in the first-fourth mitoses was approximately equal.

[Proliferative activity and frequency of chromosome aberrations in the 1st mitosis in 50-, 60- and 70-hour cultures of irradiated lymphocytes and in mixed cultures of irradiated and non-irradiated cells]. / Proliferativnaia aktivnost' i chastota aberratsii khromosom v pervom mitoze v 50-, 60- i 70-chasovykh kul'turakh obluchennykh limfotsitov i v smeshannykh kul'turakh obluchennykh i neobluchennykh kletok.

Proliferative activity and frequency of chromosome aberrations during the first mitosis were comparatively studied in 50-, 60- and 70-h cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes after gamma-irradiation in vitro with doses of 6 and 8 Gy, and also in mixed cultures of irradiated and nonirradiated cells. It was shown that radiation-induced delay in proliferation is dissimilar for cells with different number of chromosome aberrations.

[The level of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood as a criterion of the degree of severity of acute radiation sickness (based on materials from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station)]. / Uroven' limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi kak kriterii stepeni tiazhesti ostroi luchevoi bolezni (po materialiam avarii na ChAES).

A study was made of the peripheral blood lymphocyte level as a function of gamma-radiation dose after single gamma-radiation attack resulted from Chernobyl disaster. After the initial drop an average level of lymphocytes was stabilized by day 2 after exposure and no further systematic decrease in the number of lymphocytes occurred. The accuracy of prognostication of the severity of acute radiation sickness, determined by the average lymphocyte level on days 3-6 amounted to as low as 50%. However, when the neighbouring, by the severity, groups of patients were taken into account, the accuracy was 88%.