Amphetamine: differential effects on defensive flight and motor behavior in the rat.

As in previous research, hooded rats treated with an acute high dose of d-amphetamine sulfate (5 mg/kg free base) showed a dramatic defensive flight reaction to a novel stimulus (mechanical robot) that did not elicit flight from saline controls. Both the defense response and stereotypy behavior (repetitive movements and oral, licking chewing) were assessed at eight time periods after injection: 1, 15, 30, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 min. The defense response peaked early (15-30 min) after injection and showed a significant decline by 75 min, with no reemergence as stereotypy subsided. Stereotypy peaked later (45 min) and did not decline until 105 min. Tests in the absence of the robot provided a control for motor effects of the drug. Whereas stereotypy occurred in both Robot and No Robot conditions, the defense response occurred only in the Robot condition. These results were thought to provide further evidence that the effects of amphetamine on defensive flight could not be attributed to purely motor reactions. Thus, amphetamine-induced defensive flight may be an appropriate pharmacological model of affective psychosis. As such, it may be helpful in establishing differential pharmacological profiles for affective versus motor potencies of potential antipsychotic compounds.

[Evaluation of PC-based radiologic diagnosis workstations]. / Evaluierung PC-basierter radiologischer Befundarbeitsplätze.

PURPOSE: Evaluation of PC based Radiology Diagnostic Workstations performed by medical users using detailed lists of functional requirements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During February 1999 and September 1999 medical users at the hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt Germany had tested 7 types of radiology diagnostic workstations. Two types of test methods were used: In test type 1 ergonomic and handling functions were evaluated impartial according to 78 selected user requirements. In test type 2 radiologists and radiographers (3 + 4) performed 23 work flow steps with a subjectively evaluation. RESULTS: By using a progressive rating no product could fully meet the user requirements. As a result of the summary evaluation for test 1 and test 2 the following compliance rating was calculated for the different products: Rad Works (66%), Magic View (63%), ID-Report (58%), Impax 3000 (53%), Medical Workstation (52%), Pathspeed (46%) and Autorad (39%). CONCLUSIONS: As a basis for a purchasing decision a detailed functional specification an importance rating is required. Especially industrial development effort for improving the workstations is required for DICOM Supplements 33, image printing, integration teleradiology functions for compatible interoperability between different workstations, support for classroom demonstrations, system administration and data security.

[Chilaiditi's syndrome complicated by subdiaphragmatic perforated appendicitis: unusual manifestation of a rare condition]. / Chilaiditi-Syndrom mit subdiaphragmal perforierter Appendizitis : Ungewöhnliche Manifestation einer seltenen Erkrankung.

We report on a case of an 80-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency room of with right upper quadrant abdominal pain since the day before. During the initial diagnostic an abdominal x-ray study revealed an air-filled colonic section of the bowel under the right hemidiaphragm corresponding to Chilaiditi's sign. The clinical symptoms and laboratory results were mild at this time. After 12 h the patient developed right upper quadrant peritonitis due to a perforated, subdiaphragmatic appendicitis based on Chilaiditi's syndrome. During surgical treatment the cecum and parts of the ascending colon were found to be interposed between the liver and right hemidiaphragm. A right hemicolectomy was performed which led to complete recovery of the patient. In addition to presenting this interesting case this article highlights the regime of the diagnostics and therapy of a complication of the very rare condition of Chilaiditi's syndrome.

[Microcystic adenoma of the pancreas--a case report]. / Das mikrozystische Adenom des Pankreas--ein kasuistischer Beitrag.

A 65-year-old female patient with microcystic adenoma of the pancreatic head is reported. Under suspicion of a malignant pancreatic tumour a kephalic duodenopancreatectomy (Kausch-Whipple) was performed. Diagnosis, therapy, prognosis and pathological anatomical aspects of benign microcystic adenoma are discussed.

Severe intra-abdominal bleeding following stapled mucosectomy due to enterocele: report of a case.

Stapled rectal mucosectomy (SRM) became a widely accepted surgical procedure for haemorrhoids. One of the rare complications is severe bleeding. We report the case of a patient who underwent SRM for thirddegree haemorrhoids. In addition, he suffered symptoms of outlet obstruction, although defecography showed no serious disease. One day after SRM, the patient complained of abdominal pain and peritonitis. Computed tomography revealed blood in the abdomen. The patient underwent laparotomy, which revealed a deep enterocele that reached down to the level of the sphincteric muscle. The ventral part of the stapled ring was placed intraperitoneally, and a longitudinal defect of the rectal serosa was observed. The serosa defect was sutured and a diverting sigmoid stoma was carried out. The patient left the hospital 10 days later. We emphasize vigilance for undetected enteroceles in mucosal prolapse syndrome combined with defecation problems.