Effects of eccentric overload bout on change of direction and performance in soccer players.

The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of eccentric overload training (EOT) on kinetic parameters during change of direction (COD) and performance related to sprinting and jumping abilities. 20 male soccer players performed 2 different protocols: 1) 5-min cycling warm-up and 2) 5-min cycling warm-up+YoYo half-squat exercise. The outcome measured included vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and propulsive force (PvGRF), time to vGRF (T_vGRF) and propulsive force (T_PvGRF), contact time (CT), eccentric (ECC_IMP), concentric (CONC_IMP) and total (TOT_IMP) impulses and moments (Mx, My and Mz) during 2 COD tasks. Additionally, subjects performed a counter-movement jump (CMJ) and 20 m sprint tests. Results showed a substantial better improvement (likely to almost certainly) in vGRF (ES: 0.84), vAGRF (ES: 0.72), CT (ES: 0.48), My (ES: 0.35), Mz (ES: 0.44) and ECC_IMP (ES: 0.45) during crossover cutting maneuver, whereas during side-step cutting maneuver Time_ECC (ES: 0.68), CT (ES: 0.64), vGRF (ES: 0.48) and My (ES: 0.47) were substantially enhanced (likely). Furthermore, substantial better performance was found in CMJ (ES: 0.47; very likely) and 20 m (ES: 0.20; possibly). In conclusion, EOT produced a better muscle activation during 2 different COD tasks and greater sprinting and jumping performance.

[Inverse projection and indirect estimation of mortality: results for a group of Catalan localities]. / Proyeccion inversa y estimacion indirecta de la mortalidad: resultados para un grupo de localidades catalanas.

PIP: The author applies inverse projection and indirect estimation techniques to mortality data for a group of 12 localities in Catalonia, Spain, to determine changes in life expectancy at birth during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The methodology is briefly described, and trends in mortality levels for these areas are estimated.^ieng

[The estimation of Chilean mortality (1860-1940): limits and possibilities]. / La estimacion de la mortalidad chilena (1865-1940): limites y posibilidades.

PIP: The limitations and errors in data sources, primarily censuses and vital statistics, concerning mortality in Chile from 1865 to 1940 are examined. Solutions are offered to adjust the sources' underestimations, particularly with regard to infant mortality.^ieng

[Looking for a new past: strategies and problems of methodologies in historical demography]. / Vias hacia un nuevo pasado: estrategias y problemas en las metodologias de la demografia historica.

"This article presents a state of the art [discussion] on the methodologies of historical demography.... This analysis is oriented to evaluate goals, possibilities and limitations in the methods of historical demography. These methods are introduced in terms of answers to two basic questions in this field: how demographers reconstruct population dynamics of the past and how they explain behaviour of these demographic systems." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

[The regional distribution of infant mortality in Spain around 1860: a reconsideration of data and levels]. / La distribucion territorial de la mortalidad infantil en Espana entorno a 1860: una reconsideracion de datos y niveles.

PIP: The author examines regional patterns of infant mortality in Spain around 1860. "This article presents a methodology of correction of demographic data of that time involved in the estimation of infant mortality rates.... Comparisons between results presented here and other available estimations stress territorial differences between North...and South...of the Iberian peninsula and, especially, high levels of infant mortality in some provinces in central Spain." (EXCERPT)^ieng

Transitions in mortality and health: theory, comparison and historical evidence.

"The central aim of the present article is to review the theoretical and historical bases of the comparative perspective, in which the theory of epidemiological transition is normally used in order to improve our understanding of peripheral transitions in the evolution of the European mortality rate between 1860 and 1960.... We propose not so much a new theory speculating on the causes of the advances, which are irreversible after a certain point in the survival of western populations during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as a new way of looking at existing interpretations. Specifically, we have attempted to justify the need for a perspective which gets away from the usual approach, based on a sequential arrangement of the stages within a scale of evolution, and on a causal impulse behind those stages, deriving from a global socio-economic process."

Utilidad de los sistemas de información en psiquiatría: análisis de un hospital general básico / The efectiveness of information systems in Psychiatry: analisis of a Standard General Hospital

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis descriptivo de los 2.175 ingresos producidos en la Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica del Hospital Punta Europa de Algeciras durante siete años (1995-2001), utilizando como fuente de información el conjunto mínimo básico de datos al alta hospitalaria (CMBDH), obteniéndose y analizando los Grupos Relacionados de Diagnóstico de los pacientes ingresados por el mismo GDR en el periodo de tiempo de estudio. Se evalúa la utilidad de éste sistema de indicadores para la gestión de un Servicio de Psiquiatría. Creemos que los GDR son un indicador útil de la calidad asistencial, pero es preciso continuar investigando en nuestro país (AU)