Electrochemical Evaluation of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries.

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) employing nonaqueous electrolytes could potentially operate at much higher cell voltages, and therefore afford higher energy and power densities, than RFBs employing aqueous electrolytes. The development of such high-voltage nonaqueous RFBs requires anolytes that are electrochemically stable, especially in the presence of traces of oxygen and/or moisture. The inherent atmospheric reactivity of anolytes mandates judicious molecular design with high electron affinity and electrochemical stability. In this study, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based TDPP-Hex-CN4 is proposed as a stable redox-active molecule for anolytes in nonaqueous organic RFBs. We demonstrate organic RFBs using TDPP-Hex-CN4 as anolyte with unisol blue (UB) 1,4-bis(isopropylamino)anthraquinone and 1,4-di-tert-butyl-2,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)benzene (DBBB) as catholytes. Cyclic voltammetry measurements with scans repeated over 200 cycles were performed to establish the electrochemical stability of the redox pairs. Symmetric flow-cell studies show that TDPP-Hex-CN4 exhibits stable capacity up to 700 cycles. Redox flow cells employing TDPP-Hex-CN4 /UB and TDPP-Hex-CN4 /DBBB as redox pairs demonstrate that DPP derivatives are propitious materials for anolytes in all organic nonaqueous RFBs.

Successful Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in a Child With Emberger Syndrome and GATA2 Mutation.

Emberger syndrome with underlying guanine-adenine-thymine-adenine 2 (GATA2) mutation is a rare disorder and very few successful nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) have been reported. We report a case of Emberger syndrome with GATA2 mutation in a 9-year-old girl who presented with congenital sensorineural deafness, warts, lymphedema, and Myelodysplastic syndrome. Her sister had died of a similar illness. She underwent a nonmyeloablative matched related donor peripheral blood HSCT with rabbit antithymoglobulin (5 mg/kg), fludarabine (160 mg/m), cyclophophamide (29 mg/kg), and total body irradiation (2 Gray). Graft versus host disease prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate moefetil. She had neutrophil engraftment on day+15 and fully donor chimerism by day+30. She developed limited chronic skin graft versus host disease on tapering off immunosuppression. She is disease free on day+475. The review of literature showed a total of 28 patients with GATA2 mutation have undergone HSCT mostly nonmyeloablative and overall survival is 75%. Nonmyeloablatove HSCT is feasible and safe for the patients with GATA2 mutation.