[Vegetables are products and raw material for functional nutrition].

In this review the data on the content of the most common biologically active substances in vegetable crops are presented. The emphasis has been given on the breeding of vegetable crops with a high content of biologically active substances, which can be used whether as a product or as raw material for functional nutrition. The varietal specificity of vegetable crops for capacity to accumulate the substances with antioxidant activity is shown. In the VNIISSOK, the onion varieties («cherniy princ¼, «azelros¼, «alba¼, «ranniy rosoviy¼, «alvina¼ and «delikates¼) with 1.92-2.33 % of falavonoids were developed. The anthocyan content in the eggplant fruits is 0.021-0.217 g/kg. The hot pepper varieties «volshebniy buket¼, «ognennaya deva¼, «chudo Podmoscovia¼, «ognennyy vulkan¼, and «viziry¼ are good sources of vitamin C (2652 mg/100 g of dry mass), capsaicin (47 mg/100 g of dry mass), and total dry matter (18.4%). From the cultivars of paprika «mayak¼ and «udalets¼ the dry powder was obtained, which can be used as functional food with high antioxidant activity due to supplementation with selenium. This dry powder has a protection against tumor growth of carcinoma when it was added in mouse diet. The pumpkin varieties «rossiyanka¼, «konfetka¼, «premiera¼, and «Olga¼ are characterized by high content of carotenoids (21-27.1 mg/100 g). The tomato varieties «malinka¼ and «lotos¼ are sources of lycopene (31.4-32.3 mg/100 g of dry mass).

Genome variability of domestic tomato varieties: data from AFLP analysis.

Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. is one of the main vegetable crops, accessions and cultivars of which are characterized by a low level of genomic polymorphism. Introgressive tomato breeding uses related wild Solanum species to improve cultivars for stress tolerance and fruit quality traits. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genome variability of 59 cultivars and perspective breeding lines of S. lycopersicum and 11 wild tomato species using the AFLP method. According to the AFLP analysis, four combinations of primers E32/M59, E32/M57, E38/M57, and E41/M59, which had the highest PIC (polymorphism information content) values, were selected. In the process of genotyping a collection of 59 cultivars/lines of S. lycopersicum and 11 wild tomato accessions, the selected primers revealed 391 fragments ranging in size from 80 to 450 bp, of which 114 fragments turned out to be polymorphic and 25 were unique. Analysis of the amplif ication spectra placed wild tomato accessions into separate clades. Sister clades included cultivars of FSCV breeding resistant to drought and/or cold and, in part, to late blight, Alternaria, Septoria, tobacco mosaic virus and blossom end rot, as well as tomato accessions not characterized according to these traits, which suggests that they have resistance to stress factors. In accessions of distant clades, there was clustering on the basis of resistance to Verticillium, cladosporiosis, Fusarium, tobacco mosaic virus, gray rot, and blossom end rot. The combination of ac cessions according to their origin from the originating organization was shown. The primer combinations E32/M59, E32/M57, E38/M57 and E41/M59 were shown to be perspective for genotyping tomato cultivars to select donors of resistance to various stress factors. The clade-specif ic fragments identif ied in this work can become the basis for the development of AFLP markers for traits of resistance to stress factors.