A resveratrol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier hydrogel to enhance the anti-UV irradiation and anti-oxidant efficacy.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in skin tissue, which can further result in skin cancers. Using sunscreens is one of the most popular and the most effective method to resist UV irradiation. Resveratrol (RES) shows high absorbance in UV region and significant anti-oxidant effects. However, RES is easily degraded by UV irradiation, resulting in the decrease of bioactivity and the limitation of its application in the pharmaceutical preparations of skin. In this paper, a nanostructured lipid carrier gel loaded with RES (RES-NLC-gel) was prepared to improve the stability of RES and the accumulation of RES in the epidermis. Moreover, RES-NLC-gel could scavenge free radical effectively and protect human keratinocyte from UV irradiation by inhibiting the generation of ROS, decreasing the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and increasing the protein expression of Bcl-2. When mice skin was pretreated with RES-NLC-gel, there were less erythema, wrinkles and scabs on mice skin. The epidermal thickness of mice skins obviously reduced in dose-dependent manner. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice skin tissue significantly increased. Thus, RES-NLC-gel exhibited an obvious anti-UV irradiation and anti-oxidant activity in vivo. RES-NLC-gel displayed great application potential in protecting skin from UV irradiation.

Increased expression of heat shock protein (HSP)72 in a human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2) with gentamicin-induced injury.

Gentamicin (GM) has been widely used as an antibiotic and its nephrotoxicity has been recognized. However, the alternation of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 as an inductive protein in proximal tubular cells treated with GM is still unclear. In this study, GM cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of HSP72 in human kidney proximal tubular (HK-2) cells were measured. HK-2 cells were incubated for 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr, and 96 hr with GM only and GM plus MnCl2, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and effects of GM on oxidation in HK-2 cells were investigated by measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the ability of viable cells to reduce a tetrazolium-based compound (MTT). The expression of HSP72 was measured by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Cells were exposed to GM at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. After 24 hr MTT uptake decreased significantly and then gradually until 96 hr. LDH release increased time-dependently from 24 hr to 72 hr, but decreased at 96 hr compared with the data at 72 hr when cells were treated with GM only. Both results of NAG and SOD activities and results of MDA content were similar to that of the LDH release. The amount of HSP72 positive cells increased at 24 hr after exposure to GM up to 72 hr. HSP72 expression increased significantly from 24 hr, and reached its peak at 72 hr when cells were treated with GM only. Furthermore, the change of the HSP72 gene transcription was similar to the expression of HSP72. These results demonstrated that GM treatment could induce damage to HK-2 cells and that the expression of HSP72 increased when cells were injured by GM.

Alcoholic liver disease：gut microbiota and therapeutic perspectives / 中国药理学通报

Alcoholic liver disease ( ALD ) , a chronic progres-sive disease, threatens human health seriously. An increasing number of studies have shown that gut flora dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of ALD. Intestinal microbiota maintains a steady state under normal conditions, regulating gut flora normal physiological function. However, chronic alcohol consumption produces intestinal bacteria overgrowth and dysbio-sis, including the alteration of the composition of intestinal mi-croflora, the increment of gut permeability and bacterial translo-cation. Subsequently, the host immune is activated, promoting the production of inflammatory cytokines in liver, which plays a central role in the development of ALD. Notably, the supple-ment of prebiotics or probiotics reverses the intestinal flora disor-der,ameliorating the clinical symptoms effectively in ALD pa-tients. The evidence impies that the modulation of dysbiosis may be effective in the prevention and treatment of ALD. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanism of the devel-opment of dysbiosis-mediated ALD, to provide a theoretical basis for the research on intestinal flora and ALD.

Establishment of an allogenetic skin transplant model in mice for evaluating immunosuppressive drugs / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish an allogenetic mouse skin trans-plant model,in order to provide a research model for immunosup-pressive drugs. Methods Skins from the ears of C57BL/6 mice were transplanted to the back of BALB/c mice and skin isografts ( BALB/c mice to BALB/c mice) were used as control. Cyclos-porin A( CsA) was used as a model compound to test the imm-nosuppresive effect on allogenetic graft rejection. Following the transplation and CsA treatment, the graft rejection score and graft skin survival rate were quantified. Four and nine days after transplantation,serum IL-4,IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were meas-ured using ELISA kits. Twelve days after transplantation, mice were sacrificed. The weight of spleen and thymus was obtained, and CD4 + and CD8 + population of spleenic T cells were ana-lyzed using flow cytometer. Histological features were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin( HE) staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-em-bedded graft skins. Results After transplantion, the graft rejec-tion score increased and graft skin survival rate decreased gradu-allly. Serum IL-12 and IFN-γ levels of allograft mice increased markedly. Compared with those of isograft mice, mice with skin allograft displayed a significant increase in the percentage of the CD8 + T cell subpopulation. Remarkable inflammation, such as edema, inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in allograft mice. Compared with saline treated mice, CsA significantly re-duced the graft rejection score and improved survival rate of skin grafts. And also, CsA treated mice had smaller spleen and thy-mus. Mice that received high doses of CsA had significantly less CD8 + T cells than those treated with saline. Moreover, allograft skins in mice that received CsA had less inflammation. Conclu-sions Allogenetic mouse skin transplantation exhibits acute graft rejection. CsA can inhibit the rejection in a dose dependent manner.

Baicalin induces osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of Wnt/β-cate-nin signaling pathway on the baicalin-induced osteo-genic differentiation in rat bone marrow derived mesen-chymal stem cells ( rBMSC ) . Methods rBMSC was isolated and cultured by adherence screening method. Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) amount, CFU-FALP and mineralized nodules were compared between each ba-icalin group and vehicle control group at different time points. Real time q-PCR was employed to evaluate the mRNA level of Wnt signaling-related marker ( Wnt10a, GSK-3β,β-catenin and LEF1) after baica-lin treatment. Protein expression of β-catenin and Runx2 was measured by Western blot. Results Ba-icalin significantly increased ALP activities from day 3 to day 7 . The formation of CFU-FALP and mineralized nodules remarkably increased after rBMSC was treated with1, 10, 50 μmol · L-1 baicalin. mRNA levels of Wnt10a, β-catenin, GSK-3β, LEF1and osteocalcin were enhanced significantly in baicalin-treated group compared to control group. Protein expression of β-catenin and Runx2 was also elevated. Conclusion Baicalin ( 0. 1 to 50 μmol · L-1 ) promotes the osteo-genic differentiation and maturation of rBMSC, in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might be in-volved.

Synthesis and antifatigue activities of new benzamide derivatives / 药学学报

To explore novel antifatigue agents targeting with AMPA receptor, 10 compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. 1-BCP was treated as the leading compound. The antifatigue activities were evaluated by weight-loaded forced swimming test, and the AMPA receptor binding affinities were tested with radioligand receptor binding assays. The results unveiled that 5b appeared to possess potent antifatigue activities and high affinity with AMPA receptor, which deserved further studies.

Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis associated with the development of colon cancer：progress and prospects / 中国药理学通报

Intestinal microflora is an important part of the organ-ism, promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients, maintaining intestinal normal physiological function, regulating immune sys-tem. Intestinal microflora maintains steady state under normal conditions, but intestinal microbiota dysbiosis occurs when surrounding environment c hanges, such as age, diet, obesity and other metabolic diseases as well as antibiotics. Many recent studies have found intestinal flora could cause a variety of disea-ses, and colon cancer is closely related with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Some researches suggest improving the intestinal flora dysbiosis can reduce the incidence of colon cancer and inhibit the growth and the worsening of colon cancer. However, under-lying mechanisms remain unknown. So this article summarizes the research progress on the development of colon cancer and in-testinal microbiota dysbiosis, in order to provide reference for re-search on intestinal flora and colon cancer treatment.

Triptolide inhibits ovarian cancer cell invasion by repression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and 19 and upregulation of E-cadherin

Triptolide, a compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine preparation of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. However, its effect on ovarian cancer invasion is unknown. We observed that MMP7 and MMP19 expression increased in ovarian cancer tissue. Triptolide treatment inhibited the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and A2780 at the concentration of 15 nM. We also observed that triptolide suppressed MMP7 and MMP19 promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner, down-regulating the expressions of these promoters on mRNA and protein level. Moreover, triptolide enhanced E-cadherin expression in ovarian cancer cells. In vivo, triptolide inhibited tumor formation and metastasis in nude mice, and suppressed MMP7 and MMP19 expression; it also enhanced E-cadherin expression in tumor in a dose-dependent manner. Over expression of MMP7 and MMP19, or suppression of E-cadherin expression partially abolished the inhibitory effect of triptolide on invasion of ovarian cancer cells. To summarize, triptolide significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by suppression of MMP7 and MMP19 and up-regulation of E-cadherin expression. This study shows that triptolide is a good candidate for the treatment of ovarian cancer and reduction of metastasis.

Triptolide downregulates Rac1 and the JAK/STAT3 pathway and inhibits colitis-related colon cancer progression

Triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxide from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., is a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases as well a possible anti-tumor agent. It inhibits proliferation of coloretal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, its ability to block progress of colitis to colon cancer, and its molecular mechanism of action are investigated. A mouse model for colitis-induced colorectal cancer was used to test the effect of triptolide on cancer progression. Treatment of mice with triptolide decreased the incidence of colon cancer formation, and increased survival rate. Moreover, triptolide decreased the incidence of tumors in nude mice inoculated with cultured colon cancer cells dose-dependently. In vitro, triptolide inhibited the proliferation, migration and colony formation of colon cancer cells. Secretion of IL6 and levels of JAK1, IL6R and phosphorylated STAT3 were all reduced by triptolide treatment. Triptolide prohibited Rac1 activity and blocked cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression, leading to G1 arrest. Triptolide interrupted the IL6R-JAK/STAT pathway that is crucial for cell proliferation, survival, and inflammation. This suggests that triptolide might be a candidate for prevention of colitis induced colon cancer because it reduces inflammation and prevents tumor formation and development.

CHANGE OF COX-1/2 EXPRESSION IN BRAIN AFTER SPARED NERVE INJURY-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF COX INHIBITORS WITH DIFFERENT SELECTIVITY / 神经解剖学杂志

To observe the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in brain after spared nerve injury (SNI) and compare the analgesic effects of COX inhibitors with different selectivity. Radioimmunoassay, RT-PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to evaluate the change of brain COX expression at different time points( before SNI, 1 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d and 60 d after SNI); By exploring hot plate test, we observed the reacting time of animals after injection of saline, NS-398, SC-560 and indomethacin at different time points. The results showed that: ( 1 ) The expression of brain COX-1 didn't increase significantly until 14 d after SNI, while that of COX-2 increased significantly and rapidly after SNI and reached peak at the time point of 1 d ( all P ＜0.05 ); (2) NS-398 showed significant analgesic effect on neuropathic pain after SNI at the early phase ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but didn't persist for over 30 d; ( 3 ) Indomethacin and SC-560 didn't show significant analgesic effects until 14 d. These results suggest that brain COX-1 is involved in the late phase of neuropathic pain and may play a role in the persistence of pain, while brain COX-2 is involved in the early phase of neuropathic pain and may play a role in the pain origination.

Increased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 Protects Renal Proximal Tubular Cells from Gentamicin-induced Injury

The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) has been widely recognized. Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) has been reported to be a cytoprotectant. However, its cytoprotective effect against GM induced kidney injury has not yet been studied. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of HSP72 on GM-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Human Kidney tubular cell line, HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: control group, GM group (cells incubated with GM only), heat shock (HS) group (cells incubated at 43 degrees C for 30 min), and GM plus HS group, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenanse (LDH) release increased time-dependently from 24 hr to 96 hr compared to the data of cells treated with GM only. Results of NAG activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were similar to that of the LDH release. The amount of HSP72 positive cells increased significartly at 72 hr after cells were treated with GM only. Both HSP72 protein and gene expression increased significantly at 72 hr when cells were treated with GM. On the other hand, HS induced HSP72 expression markedly. Pretreatment of HS inhibited HK-2 cells from GM-induced injury. It could reduce LDH release and NAG activity. HS also increased SOD activity, and decreased MDA content when cells were damaged by GM. These findings suggested that HS may protect kidney cells from GM-induced injury. Pre-induction of HSP72 may provide therapeutic strategies for nephrotoxicity induced by GM.

Quality Study on Guanxin Ⅱ Decoction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the variation degrees of the active components in the same batch No.GuanxinⅡdecoctions under the same decoction technics.METHODS:Crude drug of the same batch No.of the same formula was decocted,every decoction detail was tried to be kept under control,the contents of the active components in 5 batches of GuanxinⅡdecoctions were determined and the mean value of which was calculated as well.RESULTS:In terms of the contents of crude drugs,those of tanshinol,protocatechualdehyde,peoniflorin and ferulic acid were respectively(0.773?0.0 656)mg/g,(36.591?3.0 590)?g/g,(2.655?0.2 454)mg/g,(85.052?7.5 469)?g/g.CONCLUSION:Referenced by the criterion that the content variation coefficient among different batches of decoctions should be less than 10%,the contents of active components in each decoction were all up to the standards.Referenced by the criterion that there should be no statistical difference among different batches of decoctions,more influential factors on the active components of decoctions should be brought into consideration in the quality control.

Effect of yangyintongnao granule on blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized dog / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: How to choose traditional Chinese remedy to treat cerebrovascular disease, not only improving the brain blood supply but also not affecting the blood pressure and heart rate, has been a promising research.OBJECTIVE: To study the role of yangyintongnao granule on average blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetized dog.DESIGN: Complete grouping design and randomized controlled study based on hybrid dog.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Preclinical Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA MATERIALS: The experiment had finished by Cardiovascular Laboratory of Physiology Department in the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to June 2003. Totally 23 healthy hybrid dogs in either sex were selected. These dogs were divided randomly into 4 groups: high dose group of yangyintongnao( n = 8), moderate dose group of yangyintongnao ( n = 6), low dose group of yangyintongnao( n = 5) and saline group( n = 4).METHODS: Anesthetic dogs in high, moderate and low dose group of yangyintongnao granule were given different doses of yangyintongnao granule: 2 g/kg, 1 g/kg and 0. 5 g/kg respectively. All doses of drug were calculated based on the body mass of dogs, and the drugs were dissolved in 100 mL saline and given through the gastric canal. Dogs in saline group were perfused with equal saline. Aortic average blood pressure was measured by femoral artery intubation via a piezometric transducer. Heart rate was obtained from R-R intervals of a standard Ⅱ lead of electrocardiograph(ECG). The mean blood pressure and heart rate were recorded 0. 5, 1, 1.5, 2.0,3.0, 4. 0, 5.0, 6. 0 hours after treatment.MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of blood pressure and heart rate at different time before and after medication.RESULTS: Totally 29 dogs were brought into the final analysis. Blood pressure: The mean blood pressure was reduced -5.4% to -6. 2% respectively in high dose group and moderate dose group after treatment. But in low dose group the average blood pressure sometimes increased sometimes decreased, mainly decreased. It increased by 6.6% ( P ＞ 0. 05) and decreased by -4. 1% ( P ＞ 0.05) at maximum. The average blood pressure in saline group changed by - 9.6% ( P ＞ 0.05). Heart rate: The heart rate in high and medium dose group gradually reduced as time went on. It reduced by - 4. 4%, - 12.2% and - 9.5% respectively in high, moderate and low doses group. The change in each group was not statistically significant as the same in saline group( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Yangyintongnao granule has no significant influence on average blood pressure and heart rate.

Changes of three COX isoforms expression after formalin induced inflammatory pain in brain and analgesic effects of different COX inhibitors / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To compare the expression of three cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the process of inflammatory pain and evaluate the analgesic effects of different protocols about usage of COX inhibitors on inflammatory pain. METHODS: Formalin was injected subplantarly to mice to induce inflammatory pain. The expression of COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3 was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and RT-PCR, respectively. For the analgesic effect assay, animals were divided into 5 groups including control, SC, NS, IN and NS + SC group. The former 4 spectively. In the NS + SC group, animals received NS398 during the first 1 month and SC-560 during the second month in the NS + SC group. RESULTS: The expression of COX-1 was higher at the late phase while that of COX-2 was higher at the early phase of inflammatory pain. The expression of COX-3 did not significantly change in the process of inflammatory pain. Additionally,behavioral assessment showed that using COX-2 inhibitors at the early phase followed by COX-1 inhibitors at the late phase could get better analgesic effect on inflammatory pain compared with single using COX-1 selective or COX-2 selective inhibitors. CONCLUSION: In brain, the expression of COX-2 increases rapidly in the inflammatory pain process while COX-1 expression does not increase till the late phase. Brain COX-3 is poorly involved in the inflammatory process. Combined use of COX-1 and COX-2 selective inhibitors may be a better protocol in inflammatory pain treatment.

Serum Pharmacochemistry Changes of Guan Xin Ⅱ Oral Decoction in Healthy Volunteers / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the presence of the chemical compositions of Guan XinⅡ(GXEH)oral decoction in human serum.METHODS:The analysis of finger prints of the medicated serum sample obtained from the volunteers treated with GXEH decoction was conducted with3different pretreatment procedures and2different HPLC methods,and which were compared with decoction.RESULTS:The numbers of the discrepant chromatographic peaks detected from the decoction and the medicated serum were respectively less than30and10,danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,ligustrazine,paeoniflorin were failed to be traced in the latter.CONCLUSION:The numbers of chemical compositions of the compound preparation that can be traced in serum were limited and the active components that entered into body may be relatively limited in numbers.After oral administration of compound preparation,a part of chemical compositions of which may not presented as its original form in serum.

Pharmacokinetics of Ferulic Acid in Serum of Healthy Male Volunteers After Oral Administration of Guanxin Ⅱ Decoction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the concentration- time curve of ferulic acid(FA) in serum of healthy male volunteers after oral administration of Guanxin II (GXEH) and to study its pharmacokinetic parameters.METHODS: Serum FA level was determined by HPLC in healthy male volunteers after single oral administration of GXEH(4.5g?kg-1) decoction. RESULTS: No double - peak occurred in the concentration - time curve of FA.6 -fold interindividual variation was noted in maximum blood drug level.The pharmacokinetic parameters were stated as follows: Ka: (0.26?0.350) min-1; Ke: (0.013?0.004 17)min-1;t1/2Ke: (63.45?32.288)min;tmax:(24.117?14.631) min, AUC:(13 263.51?6 478.275)ng?min-1?mL-1; CL/F(s):(0.000 44?0.000 268)L?g-1?min-1.CONCLUSION:There is a significant individual FA level difference in healthy male volunteers after oral oral administration of GXEH decoction,and both the absorption and the elemination of FA are fast.

Mechanism of inhibitory effect of MN9202 on contraction and relaxation functions of cardiac myocyte / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect on enhancement of contraction and relaxation functions of cardiomyocytes induced by of MN9202 TEA, Forskolin, and MB. Methods The twitch amplitude was measured with a video edge tracker method. The following indexes, including ph (peak height), peak height/baseline percent (ph/bl, %), maximal velocity of contraction (+dL/dt) and maximal velocity of diastolization (-dL/dt), were recorded by a computer. Results TEA, Forskolin and MB increased electrically-induced contraction as shown by the following indexes: ph, ph/bl%, +dL/dt and -dL/dt. Forskolin and MB markedly augmented function of cardiac myocyte contraction and diastolization. Comparing with the control group, Forskolin (10-8mol/L) increased ph from 0.12?0.03(um)to 0.24?0.06 (um), ph/bl % from 12?3% to 27?6%, +dL/dt from 1.8?0.5 (um/s) to 3.8?0.9 (um/s), -dL/dt from 1.8?0.22 (um/s) to 3.5?0.7 (um/s). These indexes increased by 91%, 123%, 110% and 89%, respectively. MB also increased significantly; ph, ph/bl %, +dL/dt and -dL/dt were 0.14?0.04um, 11?4%, 2.2?0.3um/s and 2.2?0.6um/s, respectively. MN9202 (3?10~ -6mol/L) decreased the indexes (+dL/dt and -dL/dt ) which were increased by Forskolin significantly. Conclusion TEA, Forskolin and MB increased function of cardiac myocyte contraction and diastolization. These drugs might elevate intracellular calcium content indirectly and directly. The effects of TEA, Forskolin and MB were attenuated by MN9202. MN9202 might not only block Dihydropyridine Receptor, but might also inhibit calcium influx. Further study is needed to elucidate exact mechanism of MN9202.

Immunoloregulation effect of polysaccharide isolated from Angelica Sinensis on mouse / 中成药

AIM: To investigate the immunoloregulation effect of Angelica polysaccharide extracted from Angelica Sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. METHODS: Index of immune organs were weighed and calculated. Phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophage (M) were determined with carbon particle clearance test. Spectrophotography was used to estimate levels of serum hemolysis IgG, IgM. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: In certain doses (10-100 mg/kg), Angelica polysaccharide significantly increased phagocytic function and spleen index in immunosuppression mice caused by hydrocortisone, while showed no obviouse influnence on thymus index. It also remarkble decreased levels of serum hemolysis IgG, IgM. In vitro experiments, Angelica polysaccharide could increase the proliferation of mouse spleen cell and macrophage. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Angelica polysaccharide has potent enhancement on non specific immunity, however, it could suppress humoral immunity.

The expansion of CD4~+ T lymphocytes in rats with colitis induced by 2, 4, 6- trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study on the expansion of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes isolated from rats with colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS). METHODS: The numeration and protein expression of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes had been performed by immunohistological analysis, flow cytometry and Western-blot. RESULTS: The numeration of CD4+ T cells and the protein expression of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes increased significantly in rats with colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. CONCLUSION: Expansion of CD~(4+) T lymphocytes in TNBS-induced colitis provides us a simple and reducible animal model for research of the new target of therapeutic drug.

Isolation and purification of lily polysaccharide and its anti-tumor activity / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To isolate and purify crude lily polysaccharide and observe anti-tumor activity of the isolated and purified polysaccharide.Methods Crude lily polysaccharide was extracted from lily by water extraction and ethanol precipitation.After dialyzing,de-proteining and freeze-drying,preliminary purification of crude lily polysaccharide was obtained.After being separated by anion-exchange chromatography,preliminary purification was further isolated and purified.Purified lily polysaccharide was given to the H22-bearing mice.The effects of purified lily polysaccharide on tumor weight and immune function were evaluated.Results Crude lily polysaccharide was isolated and purified successfully.After a Sephadex chromatography,the purified polysaccharide showed as a single peak,demonstrating its homogenicity.The purified lily polysaccharide showed an inhibitory effect on H22-bearing mice tumor growth.It significantly increased the weight of immune organs and improved the immune function of the mice.Conclusion The purified lily polysaccharide was homogeneous.It could inhibit H22 tumor growth and enhance non-specific immune functions in H22-bearing mice.This research has laid the foundation for further pharmacological study on lily polysaccharide.