Study on revision of standard limits for nitrogen dioxide in "Standards for indoor air quality（GB/T 18883-2022）" in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an important indoor air pollutant, with both outdoor and indoor sources contributing to indoor NO2 exposure levels. Considering the association of high NO2 exposure with adverse health effects, the Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022) have been revised to further restrict indoor NO2 limit values. The 1-h average concentration limit value for NO2 has been reduced from 0.24 mg/m3 to 200 μg/m3.This study analyzed the technical contents related to the determination of the limits of indoor NO2 in Standards for Indoor Air Quality (GB/T 18883-2022), including source, exposure level, health effects, and the process and evidence basis for determining the limit value. It also proposed prospects for the direction for the implementation of the indoor NO2 standard.

Study on revision of standard limits for nitrogen dioxide in "Standards for indoor air quality（GB/T 18883-2022）" in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an important indoor air pollutant, with both outdoor and indoor sources contributing to indoor NO2 exposure levels. Considering the association of high NO2 exposure with adverse health effects, the Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022) have been revised to further restrict indoor NO2 limit values. The 1-h average concentration limit value for NO2 has been reduced from 0.24 mg/m3 to 200 μg/m3.This study analyzed the technical contents related to the determination of the limits of indoor NO2 in Standards for Indoor Air Quality (GB/T 18883-2022), including source, exposure level, health effects, and the process and evidence basis for determining the limit value. It also proposed prospects for the direction for the implementation of the indoor NO2 standard.

Clinical Observation of Intensive Treatment with Antibiotics and Chinese Medicine Fule Tablets for Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the short-term clinical effect of intensive treatment with antibiotics and Chinese medicine Fule Tablets for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Methods A total of 240 PID patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,120 cases in each group. The observation group was given oral use of antibiotics (Cefodizime or Cefixime Granules + Ornidazole)for 14 days (d1-d14)and Fule Tablets orally for 30 days(d1-d30). The control group was only given oral use of antibiotics(Cefodizime or Cefixime Granules+Ornidazole)for 14 days (d1-d14). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)scores for lower abdominal pain, tenderness of the uterus or adnexal region, body temperature, vaginal secretions, and ultrasonogram were observed after treatment for 7, 14 and 30 days in both groups. And the therapeutic effect was also evaluated. Results(1)After treatment,VAS scores for lower abdominal pain,tenderness of the uterus or adnexal region, fever, vaginal secretions, pelvic hydrops, adnexal thickening or adnexal mass in the two groups were much improved after treatment (P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment),and the improvement of VAS scores for lower abdominal pain,tenderness of the uterus or adnexal region,vaginal secretions,and pelvic hydrops in the observation group on day 30 was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). (2)After treatment for 7,14 days,the differences of the therapeutic effect between the two groups were insignificant(P>0.05). After treatment for 30 days,the therapeutic effect of the observation group was much stronger than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The intensive treatment with antibiotics and Chinese medicine Fule Tablets has stronger effect for the treatment of PID than antibiotics alone, which is effective on relieving clinical symptoms and signs,shortening the course of disease,and reducing or preventing the occurrence of sequelae.

Analysis of adverse reactions' factors to Danhong injection--nested case control study by using hospital centralized monitoring data / 中国中药杂志

To study the adverse reactions' factors to Danhong injection in the real world. A multi-center, large sample and prospective hospital centralized monitoring method was adopted, and 30 888 cases of Danhong injection from 37 national 3A hospitals were collected to carry out a nested case control design study. These cases were divided into adverse reaction group and non-adverse group. Single factor logistic regression and multiple factor logistic regression were used to analyze data, and investigate the correlation between adverse reaction and gender, allergy history, methods of administration, and combined drug use. One hundred and eight cases of adverse reactions in 30 888 patients were determined, with an incidence of 0.35%. The results showed that Danhong injection combined with other medication(potassium mendoxine magnesium, thymic peptide, celecoxib, fumarate bisoprolol) with history of adverse reactions including scephalosporin allergy and proprietary Chinese medicine allergies had more adverse reactions than the control group(<0.05, estimated coefficient>0), indicating that these six factors were the risk factors for the adverse reaction of Danhong injection. The adverse reaction of Danhong injection combined with the aspirin was less than that in the control group(<0.05, estimated coefficient<0), indicating that the aspirin was a non-risk factor for the adverse reaction of Danhong injection. All the above results indicate that the adverse factors to Danhong injection include scephalosporin allergy, patent Chinese medicine allergy, Danhong injection combined with medication(potassium mendoxine magnesium, thymic peptide, celecoxib, fumarate bisoprolol), suggesting special attention shall be paid in clinical application.

Efficacy and safety of ribavirin aerosol in children with hand-foot-mouth disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ribavirin aerosol in children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. A total of 119 children with mild HFMD were randomly divided into an observed group (n=59) and a control group (n=60). In the observed group, ribavirin aerosol was given four times within the first hour, followed by once every other hour for the remaining time of the day and day 2; from days 3 to 7, it was given 4 times per day, with 2-3 sprays every time, for 7 days. In the control group, placebo was given in the same way as in the observed group. Additionally, both groups used oral antiviral liquid. The scores of clinical symptoms including oral ulcer, skin rash, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, cough, and fever before and after treatment were recorded to evaluate treatment outcomes. Throat swabs were taken before treatment and 5-7 days after treatment to measure viral load by RT-PCR and to compare the negative conversion rate between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-seven patients in the observed group and 56 patients in the control group were tested according to the original research design. After 5-7 days of treatment, the observed group had a significantly higher overall negative conversion rate of enterovirus than the control group (P<0.01). The overall marked response rate and overall response rate of the observed group were 89% and 89%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the control group (29% and 43%). During treatment, there were no adverse reactions such as dizziness, vomiting, and notable decreases in hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets in the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ribavirin aerosol can be effectively and safely used for treating mild HFMD. With low dosage and few adverse reactions, it holds promise for clinical application.</p>

Expression of BRCA1 and WWOX and their clinicopathologic implication in breast carcinomas occurring in young women / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics and biological markers of breast carcinomas in young women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical SP method was used to study breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) and WWOX in breast carcinomas of patient ≤ 35 years of age (107 cases) and ≥ 60 years of age (112 cases). The findings were correlated with clinicopathological features. In addition, PCR amplification and direct sequencing were performed to detect the BRCA1 gene mutation of exons 2 and 20 using fresh frozen tissue samples in other 10 patients who were ≤ 35 years of age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of BRCA1 protein expression was higher in the young age group [65.4% (70/107)] than that of the old age group [35.7% (40/112)]. ER, PR, HER2, and WWOX protein expression and proliferation marker Ki-67 were no statistically different in the two groups (all P > 0.05). BRCA1 expression was significantly correlated with pTNM and axillary lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.05), but not with ER, PR, HER2 and WWOX protein expression (all P > 0.05). Ki-67 and histological grading showed no statistical correlation (P > 0.05). WWOX protein expression showed no correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics (all P > 0.05). Mutation of exons 2 and 20 of the BRCA1 gene was not detected in any of 10 cases studied.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BRCA1 cytoplasmic expression statistically correlates with the development and prognosis of breast cancer of young patients.</p>

Tissue distribution of arsenic of liushen pills and realgar / 药学学报

This study is to report the tissue distribution of arsenic after giving different doses of realgar and Liushen pills to Beagle dogs, in order to provide basis for the safety evaluation of Liushen pills. ICP-MS was used to measure arsenic concentration, and HPLC-ICP-MS was used to analyze arsenic speciation. The concentration of total arsenic and As(III) + DMA (arsenite + dimethylarsenic acid) increased with dosing of realgar. Total arsenic concentration in most tissues and As(III) + DMA concentration in all tissues of Liushen pills group are lower than that of realgar group, but AsB concentration in liver, spleen and kidney of Liushen pills group increased. The concentration of total arsenic showed a dose-dependent manner with dosage administered. It was indicated that components in Liushen pills can reduce solubility of arsenic in realgar, which may decrease toxicity of realgar.