An Optimal Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke Established by Digital Subtraction Angiography-Guided Autologous Thrombi in Cynomolgus Monkeys.

Objective: Ischemic stroke seriously threatens human health, characterized by the high rates of incidence, disability, and death. Developing a reliable animal model that mimics most of the features of stroke is critical for pathological studies and clinical research. In this study, we aimed to establish and examine a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) guided by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in cynomolgus monkeys. Materials and Methods: In this study, 15 adult male cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled. Under the guidance of DSA, a MCAO model was established by injecting an autologous venous clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via femoral artery catheter. Thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (rt-PA) was given to eight of these monkeys at 3 h after the occlusion. Blood test and imaging examination, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), CT perfusion (CTP), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), were performed after the operation to identify the post-infarction changes. The behavioral performance of cynomolgus monkeys was continuously observed for 7 days after operation. The animals were eunthanized on the 8th day after operation, and then the brain tissues of monkeys were taken for triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Results: Among the 15 cynomolgus monkeys, 12 of them were successfully modeled, as confirmed by the imaging findings and staining assessment. One monkey died of brain hernia resulted from intracranial hemorrhage confirmed by necropsy. DSA, CTA, and MRA indicated the presence of an arterial occlusion. CTP and MRI showed acute focal cerebral ischemia. TTC staining revealed infarct lesions formed in the brain tissues. Conclusion: Our study may provide an optimal non-human primate model for an in-depth study of the pathogenesis and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia.

Dispersive solid-phase extraction of bisphenols migrated from plastic food packaging materials with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-intercalated zinc oxide.

The migration of bisphenols (BPs) can take place from plastic packaging materials into freshly cooked takeaway food, especially at high temperatures. In this study, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-intercalated zinc oxide (ZnO@CTAB) was developed and used to extract the migration of BPs (bisphenol A and bisphenol AF) from disposable plastic materials to contained food simulates. Several experimental parameters that influence extraction efficiency were investigated. Under optimal conditions, a sensitive dispersive solid-phase extraction method based on ZnO@CTAB was proposed for the analysis of BPs coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The method exhibited good linearity of calibration, high recovery (97.63-109.33%), low limits of detection 0.027-0.030 µg L-1, and acceptable precisions. The developed method was used to carry out a migration test from two disposable plastic bags and a disposable plastic container, using distilled water at 100 °C as a hot liquid food simulant. The migration concentrations of bisphenol AF was found to be 0.42 µg L-1 and 0.86 µg L-1 for the two types of disposable plastic bags, and the concentration of bisphenol A was 0.49 µg L-1 for disposable plastic container. The proposed method was also applied to investigate the migration of BPAF from the disposable plastic bags to different food simulants, revealing that the release of BPAF levels depended on the polarity of the liquid food components.