Antioxidant capacity and amino acid profile of millet bran wine and the synergistic interaction between major polyphenols.

Millet bran, the by-product of millet processing industry, contains an abundance of phytochemicals, especially polyphenols. The main objective of this study was brewing antioxidant wine from millet bran, as well as the nutritional evaluation. The total polyphenol content of wine samples was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH radical-scavenging capacity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results showed that millet bran wine (MBW) contained as much as six times of total polyphenols compared with millet wine (MW), and performed considerably stronger antioxidant activity in DPPH, TEAC and FRAP assays. More than sixfold of total amino acids (AA) were found in MBW than in MW. Moreover, the indispensable AA and functional AA were also abundant in MBW. The major polyphenol compounds in MBW were identified using HPLC, including vanillic acid, syringic acid (SA), p-coumaric acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA). They exhibited synergism in the antioxidant assays, especially the combinations of SA and CA, SA and FA. This study not only provides evidence for MBW as a nutraceutical with antioxidant activity, but also opens new avenues in the area of making comprehensive utilization of agricultural by-products.

Bioactive, nutritional composition, heavy metal and pesticide residue of four Chinese jujube cultivars.

This study aims to conduct a detailed investigation on four cultivars grown in northwest China, concentrating on the analysis of the bioactive contents, nutrients, heavy metal concentrations, and pesticide residue contents. Those Chinese jujubes consist of 51.99-71.75% edible part, 82.35-89.63% carbohydrates, 4.43-6.01% protein, 0.48-0.63% lipid, 2.80-4.80% polysaccharide, 45.64-88.97 mg/100 g ascorbic acid, 132.16-196.58 mg/100 g phenolics and 101.17-132.04 mg/100 g flavonoids in dry matter. In those four Chinese jujube cultivars, sulfur amino acids are the first limiting amino acids for adults, and aromatic amino acids are for children. The amount of heavy metal and pesticide residue concentrations in those jujubes was way below the limit. All four cultivars were found to have different nutritional values except for the carbohydrates; they had higher rates of carbohydrates and polysaccharide than those previously reported ones from Eastern China; and they are a better source for carbohydrates, vitamin C and functional amino acids.

Preparation of monoclonal antibody and development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ornidazole detection.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for ornidazole (ONZ) detection were developed. ONZ was conjugated with cationic bovine serum albumin as a hapten to generate the artificial immunogens and coating antigens. BALB/c mice were immunized, and mAbs were obtained. The competitive inhibition curve of ic-ELISA was y=0.0438x2-0.2101x+0.2925, with R2=0.9941. The 50% inhibition concentration, the limit of detection, and limit of quality for ONZ were 0.15, 0.01, and 0.05µg/kg, respectively. The cross-reactivity of the mAbs to secnidazole was 0.33%. The recoveries were from 89.18% to 101.63% and the coefficient of variation was less than 7.15% in chicken, chicken liver, and honey samples, all of which had ONZ concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1µg/kg. Results showed that the ic-ELISA based on mAb could be used for the rapid detection for ONZ.