A case report of hydatid cyst in the right kidney of a 58-year-old woman.

This study focused on a rare case of an isolated renal hydatid cyst. A 58-year-old asymptomatic woman was referred to the urologic clinic after an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a renal cystic mass. While immunologic tests were normal, the final diagnosis was a renal hydatid cyst after radical nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We believe isolated occurrence of hydatid cysts is rare.

A case report of aggressive mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney with malignant transformation.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) is a rare benign kidney tumor. In rare cases, malignant transformation, such as sarcomatoid features indicates poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we will describe a 45 years old man with a diagnosis of MESTK with malignant transformation of the sarcomatoid component, after right radical nephrectomy. The patient underwent chemotherapy with adriamycin, ifosfamide, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The radiological characteristics of MESTK can pose diagnostic challenges due to its non-unique radiological appearance. The presence of sarcomatoid transformation is a hallmark feature of malignant MESTK which can be very aggressive.

Why voters who value democracy participate in democratic backsliding.

Around the world, citizens are voting away the democracies they claim to cherish. Here we present evidence that this behaviour is driven in part by the belief that their opponents will undermine democracy first. In an observational study (N = 1,973), we find that US partisans are willing to subvert democratic norms to the extent that they believe opposing partisans are willing to do the same. In experimental studies (N = 2,543, N = 1,848), we revealed to partisans that their opponents are more committed to democratic norms than they think. As a result, the partisans became more committed to upholding democratic norms themselves and less willing to vote for candidates who break these norms. These findings suggest that aspiring autocrats may instigate democratic backsliding by accusing their opponents of subverting democracy and that we can foster democratic stability by informing partisans about the other side's commitment to democracy.

First report of concurrent mixed germs induced destructive emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous endophthalmitis in the patient with COVID-19.

A 35-year-old diabetic woman was referred to the emergency department with fever, left flank pain, pneumaturia, and impaired vision of the left eye from 4 days ago. Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, low blood pressure, metabolic acidosis, and azotemia were the first findings. The diagnosis was a coincidence of emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous endophthalmitis due to computerized tomography of the patient. Immediate fluid and electrolytes resuscitation, intravenous antibiotic administration, and nephrectomy save the patient. Urine, blood, and vitreous cultures revealed mixed germ infection.

The first case report of synchronous primary papillary type 2 renal cell carcinoma of kidney and transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.

Synchronous presentation of Multiple Primary Malignant neoplasms in genitourinary system is not a common event. Absolute majority of reported cases are concurrent outbreak of clear cell type renal cell carcinoma in the kidney and transitional cell carcinoma in ipsilateral renal pelvic. We reported concurrent presenting of two separate primary malignancies, urothelial cell carcinoma of bladder and papillary renal cell carcinoma Type 2 in kidney in a 59-year-old man for the first time.