Professor Dr. Bangalore Krishnaswamy Venkataraman (1923-2018): An Icon and Pioneer of Oral Medicine in India.

Professor Dr. Bangalore Krishnaswamy Venkataraman, a pioneer in oral medicine, significantly shaped dental education and practice in India and beyond. Rising from humble beginnings, he became a leading authority in dentistry, particularly in oral medicine and radiology. Dr. B.K. Venkataraman's pioneering work in oral medicine has left an indelible mark on dental education and practice in India and beyond. His enduring impact on dental medicine and education in India is celebrated through various commemorations, including conferences and educational initiatives. Even after retirement, he continued to influence the field as a professor and examiner in international institutions. Dr. B.K. Venkataraman's contributions have left a lasting mark, inspiring future generations in dentistry.

A Three-Dimensional Assessment of a Type I Shallow Palatogingival Groove by Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report.

The palatogingival groove is a developmental anomaly on the palatal surface of the maxillary anterior teeth. The shallow groove, often less than 1 mm, is challenging to diagnose, particularly in radiographic examinations. Such grooves are mistaken for root fractures. In this case study, we explore the prevalence, types, radiological appearances, and treatment options of type I shallow palatogingival grooves encountered in cone beam computed tomography.

Clinical and Radiological Insights of Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A Case Report of a Rare Medical Condition.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, congenital disorder characterized by a unique constellation of skeletal and dental abnormalities. The imaging findings, combined with clinical examination, help establish a definitive diagnosis. Understanding the broad spectrum of manifestations in CCD is essential for effective management and treatment. This case report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of a 25-year-old male patient with CCD, highlighting the genetic etiologies, clinical presentation, radiological findings, and a review of current literature to enhance understanding and awareness of this rare condition.

Concurrent Occurrence of Trichilemmal Cyst and Nevus of Ota: Case Series.

Nevus of Ota or congenital oculodermal melanosis (ODM) is characterized by brown or blue/gray asymptomatic brown or blue/gray flat lesions of the skin, mucosae, episcleral/sclera, and uvea, which are located near the trigeminal nerve's ophthalmic and mandibular branches. The main ophthalmic complications are glaucoma and predisposition to uveal melanoma. "trichilemmal cyst" is also known as "wen" "pilar cyst" or " isthmus catagen cyst". It occurs in the scalp and mimics sebaceous cysts clinically. The swelling appears smooth in outline and is filled with cytokeratin. An unusual case of a 32-year-old male with both trichilemmal cyst and nevus of Ota, a 27-year-old female, and a 47-year-old male with nevus of Ota is discussed here.

Lymphangioma Circumscriptum on the Buccal Mucosa: A Case Report of a Rare Entity.

Hamartomatous lymphatic channel proliferation causes lymphangiomas or microcystic lymphatic malformations (MLM). They are most commonly found in the head and neck, with oral occurrences a rarity. In this case, a 34-year-old woman presented with lymphangioma circumscriptum on the buccal mucosa, a condition that typically causes asymptomatic pebbly papules. This article focuses on the clinical features of this unique case, shedding light on the treatment modalities and histological features.

Port-Wine Stains and Intraoral Hemangiomas: A Case Series.

Port-wine stains (PWSs), also called port-wine birthmarks or nevus flammeus, are hamartomatous vascular capillary malformations that clinically appear as erythematous areas on the buccal mucosa, vermilion border of the lip, gingiva, or pink to port-wine-colored patches on skin since birth and persist throughout life. On the face, they occur in the area supplied by the trigeminal nerve. PWSs have structural abnormalities of the intradermal capillaries. PWSs on the skin and oral mucosa contain ectatic capillaries in the dermis and submucosa, respectively. PWSs occur anywhere, and the oral mucosa is no exception. PWSs on the facial skin lead to cosmetic disfigurement and create social stigma. Clinically, PWSs start as flat, pink, or red patches and may darken, thicken, and develop nodules over time. The diagnosis of PWSs is primarily clinical. PWSs are complex vascular malformations with significant clinical, psychosocial, and therapeutic challenges. This article enlightens a series of cases of PWSs on the facial skin and capillary hemangioma on the gingiva, buccal mucosa, and lip diagnosed by a diascopy test, etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and management of PWSs.

Artificial Intelligence and Its Theranostic Applications in Dentistry.

As new technologies emerge, they continue to have an impact on our daily lives, and artificial intelligence (AI) covers a wide range of applications. Because of the advancements in AI, it is now possible to analyse large amounts of data, which results in more accurate data and more effective decision-making. This article explains the fundamentals of AI and examines its development and present use. AI technology has had an impact on the healthcare sector as a result of the need for accurate diagnosis and improved patient care. An overview of the existing AI applications in clinical dentistry was provided. Comprehensive care involving artificial intelligence aims to provide cutting-edge research and innovations, as well as high-quality patient care, by enabling sophisticated decision support tools. The cornerstone of AI advancement in dentistry is creative inter-professional coordination among medical professionals, scientists, and engineers. Artificial intelligence will continue to be associated with dentistry from a wide angle despite potential misconceptions and worries about patient privacy. This is because precise treatment methods and quick data sharing are both essential in dentistry. Additionally, these developments will make it possible for patients, academicians, and healthcare professionals to exchange large data on health as well as provide insights that enhance patient care.

Squamous Papilloma on the Hard Palate: A Rare Clinical Entity.

Squamous papilloma is a benign, exophytic, soft tissue tumour caused by the rapid proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium. It typically manifests in the oral cavity as a painless, soft, non-tender, pedunculated growth that resembles a cauliflower. This case report of squamous papilloma on the hard palate sheds light on the etiopathogenesis, types, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management modalities.

Concurrent Occurrence of Port-Wine Stain and Glaucoma in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Case Report.

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurological disorder that is present at birth. It is characterized by a reddish-purple birthmark on the face, typically on one side of the forehead and upper eyelid, and sometimes involving the scalp and ear. This birthmark, called a port-wine stain, is caused by an abnormal buildup of blood vessels in the skin. SWS can also cause neurological problems such as seizures, developmental delays, and problems with vision and coordination. Treatment for SWS typically includes a combination of medications to control seizures and other symptoms, as well as laser therapy or surgery to reduce the appearance of the birthmark. Additionally, physical therapy and other therapies can help improve vision and coordination. It is important to note that the symptoms and severity of SWS can vary widely from person to person, and early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes.

Amlodipine-Induced Gingival Hypertrophy: A Case Report.

Gingival hypertrophy caused by certain drugs, including amlodipine, may occur in genetically susceptible individuals. There is no clear explanation for the exact mechanism behind gingival hypertrophy, but a multifactorial theory has been proposed that unifies the phenomenon. In addition to causing difficulty with speech and mastication, gingival hypertrophy also contributes to poor oral hygiene and unaesthetic appearance. We describe the case of a 54-year-old woman who developed gingival hypertrophy due to the long-standing antihypertensive medication amlodipine 5 mg taken twice daily for four years.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Case Report.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway blockage and collapse during sleep accompanied by awakenings with or without oxygen desaturations. During obstructive sleep apnea events, the oropharynx in the back of the throat compresses, causing arousal, oxygen desaturation, or both, leading to fragmented sleep. The hyperplastic uvula is a common clinical finding in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The various diagnostic and treatment modalities of obstructive sleep apnea are discussed in this article.

The Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Radicular Cyst by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

A radicular cyst is the most typical odontogenic cyst affecting the human jaws. A radicular cyst is frequently asymptomatic and is discovered accidentally during a radiological procedure. Radicular cyst most commonly occurs during the third and fourth decades of life. The patient affected by a radicular cyst usually gives a history of trauma, and they may even not be aware of the occurrence of the traumatic episode. Such a case of a Radicular cyst that occurred in a 22-year-old-young female who did not follow up further for root canal treatment was radiographically evaluated in three-dimensional view with the help of cone-beam computed tomography.

Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence Among Smokeless Tobacco Users Using the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale for Smokeless Tobacco.

Nicotine dependence is a current indwelling and challenging health burden among smokeless tobacco users as it involves the compulsive use of a substance despite its known harmful effects. The evaluation of nicotine dependence is challenging as it involves physical and psychological dependence due to nicotine in smokeless tobacco. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The primary aim is to assess the nicotine dependence in a group of smokeless tobacco by using a six-question Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) and to assess the nicotine dependence among three groups, namely Group - 1, who were exclusively pan masala, gutka chewers, Group - 2, who were exclusively Hans users, and Group - 3, who were exclusively betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Only those who use smokeless tobacco in the age groups between 21 to 70 years were randomly selected. The total sample size is 100 patients. The age groups were divided into 21-28, 29-35, 36-42, 43-49, 50-56, 57-63, and 64-70. Informed consent was obtained from the participants of the study. RESULTS: The Hans chewers are predominantly females. Pan masala and gutka chewers are predominantly males. CONCLUSION: Smokeless tobacco chewers like pan masala were found to have high mean nicotine dependence Fagerstrom score than Hans and betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers.

Concurrent Occurrence of Ear Tag With Posterior Talon Cusp, Fissured Tongue, and Ankyloglossia: A Case Report.

Ear tags or accessory auricles are branchial cleft remnants that clinically appear as asymptomatic nodules or papules in the preauricular region. They occur in various syndromes affecting the first and branchial arches during embryogenesis. The presence of an ear tag can have a psychological impact on one's life due to its unesthetic appearance, thereby affecting their quality of life. Talon cusp usually occurs in the maxillary central or lateral incisor. A fissured tongue or cerebriform tongue is characterized by the presence of horizontal or vertical grooves, usually affecting the dorsum of the tongue. Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a developmental anomaly in which the lingual frenum is abnormally attached to the ventral surface of the tongue. It can cause difficulties in breastfeeding in infants and in the pronunciation of certain vowels in adults. The concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with the talon cusp in the mandibular second molar has not been reported in previous literature. We present a unique case of a 24-year-old non-syndromic individual with the concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with a rare clinical occurrence of talon cusp in the mandibular second molar, fissured tongue, and ankyloglossia.

Oral Manifestations of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Comparison of Blood and Salivary Glucose Levels.

Background and introduction Diabetes mellitus is a common systemic disease in nearly all countries. Its prevalence has been increasing. Thus, early detection and control of this disorder are urgent tasks. The average blood glucose, salivary glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels must be estimated. Aim and objective This study aimed to assess oral manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to HbA1c and compare glucose levels in the saliva and blood. Materials and methods This study examined 60 patients with diabetes who were visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology as well as the Department of Medicine at Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. In all patients, the blood glucose, saliva glucose, and HbA1c levels were estimated. Results and statistical analysis The patients (aged 40-60 years) have type 2 diabetes mellitus; among them, patients aged 56-60 years were predominant. In the Pearson correlation analysis, a positive correlation was obtained in random blood glucose, salivary glucose, and HbA1c levels. The p-value was 0.001**, which indicated significance. Conclusion This study revealed a clear-cut correlation between blood and salivary glucose levels. Thus, salivary glucose levels can very well become a substitute for blood glucose levels. If the estimated salivary glucose level is used in practice to estimate glucose levels in patients with diabetes, the use of any invasive procedures may be avoided.

Concurrent Occurrence of Lobular Capillary Haemangioma and Port-Wine Stain: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A port-wine stain is a type of non-neoplastic hamartomatous malformation of capillary blood vessels, resulting from ectatic capillaries present from birth. Lobular capillary hemangioma is a form of capillary hemangioma that occurs from hamartomatous malformation of capillaries. In our report, we discuss the rare case of both port-wine stain and capillary haemangioma on the gingiva in a 22- year-old young male.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Bifid Condyle by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Bifid condyle is a rare developmental anomaly that results from an obstructed blood supply during its development. Bifid condyle is more often unilateral, although bilateral. A case of a bifid condyle is evaluated three-dimensionally in three orthogonal planes namely coronal, sagittal and axial sections. The etiology, clinical features, diagnostic, non-surgical and surgical treatment modalities of bifid condyle are discussed.

Bilateral Inverted Mesiodens: A Rare Case Evaluated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Mesiodens is the most commonly occurring supernumerary tooth between the two maxillary central incisors. Mesiodens can be inverted, impacted, or placed buccally or palatally between the two maxillary central incisors. It mostly occurs unilaterally and rarely occurs bilaterally. We describe a rare occurrence of such a bilateral inverted mesiodens extended near the anterior nasal spine, evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography.

Internet Derived Information Obstruction Treatment (IDIOT) Syndrome: A Breviloquent Review.

The rapid increase in internet use in the current digital era has caused a potential increase in anxiety, and a person either self-medicates or abruptly stops the drug for his medical illness, thereby the rise in the Internet Derived information Obstructing Treatment (IDIOT) syndrome. The Internet Derived Information Obstructing Treatment (IDIOT) syndrome occurs when patients abruptly quit their treatment because they have blindly trusted internet medical information. WHO calls this an " Infodemic," which has created a complex situation in healthcare, as it has caused too much information in digital and physical environments during an outbreak of the disease and caused mistrust in health authorities. Patients get important health information online and anticipate additional assistance, Dr. C. N. Manjunath, Director, Jayadeva Hospital, says "Doctors are becoming sick because of stress, and they need to take care of their health. There is an added demand to ac-q-u-ire communication skills rather than merely technical and professional qualities." Patients must not merely believe healthcare-related information available from online health resources and must seek the help of licensed healthcare professionals for their health concerns. There must be an increase in the awareness programs among the public to as not to fall as victims and blindly follow or abruptly stop their medical prescriptions for their medical illness from available online health resources.

Impacted Molariform Distomolar Double Tooth: A Case Report.

Double teeth, also called connated or cojoined teeth, are clinically present as two separate teeth united by dentin. It occurs due to the fusion of two individual tooth buds or the partial splitting of one into two. An accessory supernumerary fourth molar is called a distomolar or distodens. Usually, the distomolar has a small crown that can be conical, peg-shaped, or like a small premolar called molariform distomolar that occurs distal to the last molar. This case presents an impacted molariform distomolar with the fusion of crown and root in a 27-year-old female.