Transpedal approach for femoral-popliteal chronic total occlusions using the outback® elite re-entry device.

BACKGROUND: Transpedal access is increasingly utilized for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Femoral-popliteal artery chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are some of the most difficult lesion subsets that sometimes require the use of re-entry support devices during percutaneous intervention. Limited data is available on the use of re-entry devices when treating femoral-popliteal CTOs via transpedal access. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using the Outback® Elite re-entry device for the treatment of femoral-popliteal CTOs via the transpedal approach in an outpatient based lab setting. METHODS: Seventeen patients presented with femoral-popliteal CTOs in which treatment required the use of the Outback® Elite re-entry device. All procedures were performed in a single outpatient based lab. Patients were followed at 1 week and 1 month post-procedure, with lower extremity arterial duplex ultrasound assessment during the 1 month follow-up. RESULTS: The average patient age was 78 years-old, with 71% being males. Most patients presented with Rutherford class IV symptoms. Procedural success was achieved in all patients with no requirement to convert to femoral artery access in any of the cases. No immediate post-procedural complications nor at any time during follow-up were observed. Ultrasonography at 1 month follow-up showed patent intervention sites and access site vessels in all patients. CONCLUSION: The use of the Outback® Elite re-entry device for the treatment of femoral-popliteal CTOs via transpedal access is a feasible option and may have potential benefits by avoiding risks associated with traditional femoral artery access.

Delayed Presentation of a Large Pseudoaneurysm in the Common Femoral Artery After an Electrophysiology Study.

We describe a rare case of an exceptionally large pseudoaneurysm that developed in the right common femoral artery 6 months after an electrophysiological study. Surgical and other conventional methods to treat his pseudoaneurysm were not feasible. Therefore, the pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated via an endovascular approach with a covered stent. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).

Advances in trans-ulnar intervention: a successful trans-ulnar artery approach for left subclavian artery stenosis.

Techniques for vascular intervention have been evolving in the past decades. Trans-radial artery access (TRA) has been emerging and is favorable over trans-femoral access in recent years due to the lower risk of bleeding complications, vascular injury, early mobilization, shorter hospitalization and lesser cost. TRA has its own limitations such as radial artery stenosis, dissection, spasm and crossover. When access from the conventional sites is complicated or unsuccessful, trans-ulnar artery may serve as a feasible and alternative route. Despite posing potential complications similar to TRA, trans-ulnar artery is a relatively safe approach in an experienced trans-radial operator. We, herein, present a challenging case of subclavian artery revascularization performed via retrograde trans-ulnar approach.

Assessment of isotropic calcium using 0.5-mm reconstructions from 320-row CT data sets identifies more patients with non-zero Agatston score and more subclinical atherosclerosis than standard 3.0-mm coronary artery calcium scan and CT angiography.

BACKGROUND: The presence of calcified plaque in coronary arteries can be quantified by using 0.5-mm isotropic reconstructions from 320-row CT without increased radiation dose. Little is known about reclassification of patients with non-zero Agatston scores and quantitative measures of calcified plaque using 0.5-mm reconstructions. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare proportions of zero vs. non-zero Agatston scores (subclinical atherosclerosis) in 0.5-mm isotropic reconstructions vs. standard 3.0-mm and CT angiography (CTA) scans on 320-row CT. METHODS: Prospectively, we quantified calcified plaque in coronary arteries in 104 patients by using non-contrast-enhanced scans with 0.5 and 3.0 mm. Coronary calcium assessment was determined by 2 observers. Clinically indicated CTA was also performed; coronary calcium assessment findings were compared with CTA. Ranked Wilcoxon test and χ2 test were performed for comparison. Reproducibility for proportion of zero vs non-zero was assessed by κ statistics. RESULTS: Median Agatston score (41.9 [interquartile range (IQR), 3.7-213.6] vs. 5.2 [IQR, 0.0-128.5]), calcium volume (53.6 mm3 [IQR, 8.1-202.3] vs. 5.1 mm(3) [IQR, 0.0-96.8],), and lesion number (10.0 [IQR, 3.5-18.5] vs. 1.0 [IQR, 0.0-6.0]) were significantly higher on 0.5-mm reconstruction (P < .0001) than on 3.0-mm reconstruction. More patients with subclinical atherosclerosis were detected on 0.5 mm than on 3.0 mm and CTA scans (76.9% vs. 53.8% vs. 54.8%; P < .0001). The κ values for inter-rater agreement were 0.94 and 0.52 on 3.0- and 0.5-mm data sets, respectively. However, when Agatston scores < 10 were excluded from analysis, the κ value rose to 0.83. CONCLUSION: Isotropic 0.5-mm reconstruction detected 23.1% and 22.1% more patients with subclinical atherosclerosis than standard 3.0-mm scans and CTA, which may be more sensitive for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis; its potential clinical utility needs to be validated in large, prospective studies.

Triple Diuretics and Aquaretic Strategy for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure due to Volume Overload.

Diuretics, including furosemide, metolazone, and spironolactone, have historically been the mainstay of therapy for acute decompensated heart failure patients. The addition of an aquaretic-like vasopressin antagonist may enhance diuresis further. However, clinical experience with this quadruple combination is lacking in the acute setting. We present two hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure due to massive fluid overload treated with a combination strategy of triple diuretics in conjunction with the aquaretic tolvaptan. The first patient lost 72.1 lbs. (32.7 kg) with an average urine output of 3.5 to 7.5 L/day over eight days on combined therapy with furosemide, metolazone, spironolactone, and tolvaptan. The second patient similarly achieved a weight loss of 28.2 lbs. (12.8 kg) over 4 days on the same treatment. Both patients maintained stable serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine over this period and remained out of the hospital for more than 30 days. Thus, patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure due to volume overload can achieve euvolemia rapidly and without electrolytes disturbances using this regimen, while being under the close supervision of a team of cardiologists and nephrologists. Additionally, this therapy can potentially decrease the need for ultrafiltration and the length of hospital stay.