A Narrative Review on the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, posing significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Despite extensive research, its complex pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This narrative review aims to elucidate the intricate mechanisms contributing to PE, focusing on abnormal placentation, maternal systemic response, oxidative stress, inflammation, and genetic and epigenetic factors. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses, highlighting key molecular and cellular pathways involved in PE. The review integrates data on oxidative stress biomarkers, angiogenic factors, immune interactions, and mitochondrial dysfunction. PE is initiated by poor placentation due to inadequate trophoblast invasion and improper spiral artery remodeling, leading to placental hypoxia. This triggers the release of anti-angiogenic factors such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), causing widespread endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities, and immune dysregulation further exacerbate the condition. Genetic and epigenetic modifications, including polymorphisms in the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1) gene and altered microRNA (miRNA) expression, play critical roles. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and specific molecular pathways like the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) and cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide (CSE/H2S) pathways show promise in mitigating preeclampsia's effects. PE is a complex disorder with multifactorial origins involving abnormal placentation, endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology, effective prevention and treatment strategies remain limited. Continued research is essential to develop targeted therapies that can improve outcomes for both mothers and their babies.

Effectiveness of a Brief Group Intervention for Harmful Alcohol Use in Men at a Primary Health Care Facility in Brazil: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief group intervention (BGI) in reducing the use of alcohol and increasing the readiness to change in men with risky and harmful alcohol use. A randomized clinical trial with follow-ups at 30 and 90 days that was conducted in a primary health care (PHC) facility in the central region of São Paulo (Brazil). A total of 112 men were randomized to the experimental group (EG) (n = 55) or the control group (CG) (n = 57). To identify the pattern of alcohol use and the readiness to change, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the readiness to change (RTC) rule were used. The EG received a BGI session applied by nurses using the Feedback, Responsibility, Advice, Menu of options, Empathy, Self-efficacy (FRAMES) model. The CG was instructed to continue with the standard service of the unit after an initial interview. Intergroup analyses using the generalized equation estimation (GEE) method were performed. A significant difference in the pattern of use was observed between the EG and CG at follow-up evaluated (EG T1 (7.73 ± 5.14), CG T1 (12, 48 ± 5.62)) and EG T2 (6.65 ± 4.83), CG T2 (11.68 ± 6.65)). When compared the baseline (T0) measures (13.04) with the last time (T2) (6.65) at EG, it was identified a reduction of 6.39 in the AUDIT score. Differences between groups were found for readiness to change at follow-up ((EG T1 (8.50 ± 2.44) and CG T1 (5.67 ± 3.10) and (EG T2 (8.80 ± 1.73) and CG T2 (5.36 ± 3.33)), when contrasting with the baseline. The data suggest that the BGI was effective when compared to the control condition, as there was a reduction in risky and harmful use of alcohol for low-risk use, according to the alcohol use scores, and an increase in the stages of readiness to change.

Strategies discussed at the XIIth international conference on Kangaroo mother care for implementation on a countrywide scale.

AIM: Building strategies for the country-level dissemination of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) to reduce the mortality rate in preterm and low birth weight babies and improve quality of life. KMC is an evidence-based healthcare method for these infants. However, KMC implementation at the global level remains low. METHODS: The international network in Kangaroo mother brought 172 KMC professionals from 33 countries together for a 2-day workshop held in conjunction with the XIIth International KMC Conference in Bogota, Colombia, in November 2018. Participants worked in clusters to formulate strategies for country-level dissemination and scale-up according to seven pre-established objectives. RESULTS: The minimum set of indicators for KMC scale-up proposed by the internationally diverse groups is presented. The strategies for KMC integration and implementation at the country level, as well as the approaches for convincing healthcare providers of the safety of KMC transportation, are also described. Finally, the main aspects concerning KMC follow-up and KMC for term infants are presented. CONCLUSION: In this collaborative meeting, participants from low-, middle- and high-income countries combined their knowledge and experience to identify the best strategies to implement KMC at a countrywide scale.

Suicidal ideation in gender and sexual minority students in the largest Brazilian University.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying the presence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among university students from a public university in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 72 university students between 18 and 29 years old. Were used a sociodemographic data questionnaire and the Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale. RESULTS: The suicidal ideation was significantly in the participants, as well as the association of gender, gender identity, sexual orientation and housing with it. CONCLUSIONS: The suicidal ideation in this population is important, and there is a need to explore the factors related, such as gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and housing.

Papel de las alteraciones del sueño durante la gestación en la programación del feto para el desarrollo de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas degenerativas.

Sleep disturbances are common in the third trimester of pregnancy and generate changes in the secretion of melatonin in pregnant women who sleep less than eight hours or have sleep disturbances, which promote various physiological changes in the mother that in turn result in low birth weight (LBW) in the fetus. LBW is associated with a phenomenon known as "metabolic programming," in which the fetus is subjected to a stressful situation that results in irreversible metabolic alterations that predispose it to the development of obesity in adulthood.

En el tercer trimestre del embarazo son frecuentes las alteraciones del sueño, las cuales generan cambios en la secreción de melatonina en mujeres gestantes que duermen menos de ocho horas o presentan alteraciones de sueño, promoviendo diversos cambios fisiológicos en la madre, que a su vez derivan en bajo peso al nacimiento (BPN) en el producto. El bajo peso al nacimiento está asociado con un fenómeno conocido como "programación metabólica", en la que el feto es sometido a estrés que tiene como resultado alteraciones metabólicas irreversibles que lo predisponen al desarrollo de obesidad en la edad adulta.

Women receiving specialized treatment for psychoactive substance use: a cohort study. / Mulheres em tratamento especializado para uso de substâncias psicoativas: estudo de coorte.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between the profile of women who seek specialized treatment for the use of psychoactive substances, their treatment adherence time and the types of substance used. METHOD: A retrospective cohort with data from medical records of women who sought care at a referral service for the use of psychoactive substances. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 411 medical records. A significant association was observed between unemployment (p<0.000), living in the streets/homeless shelters (p=0.003), having HIV/AIDS (p=0.004) and the type of substance used. The best predictors for the treatment adherence time were being a cocaine and crack user (OR=0.22), having family members who use illegal substances (OR=0.36) and reporting suicidal ideation (OR=2.7). CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic and epidemiological factors of the women in this study are associated with the use of psychoactive substances. The therapeutic strategies developed for this group should take into account the risk stratification, seeking comprehensive and individualized care. Persistent approaches to include family members in the treatment, especially of those who present problems related to the use of psychoactive substances should be considered.

The epidemiology and transmissibility of Zika virus in Girardot and San Andres island, Colombia, September 2015 to January 2016.

Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) was first detected in Colombia in September 2015. As of April 2016, Colombia had reported over 65,000 cases of Zika virus disease (ZVD). We analysed daily surveillance data of ZVD cases reported to the health authorities of San Andres and Girardot, Colombia, between September 2015 and January 2016. ZVD was laboratory-confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the serum of acute cases within five days of symptom onset. We use daily incidence data to estimate the basic reproductive number (R0) in each population. We identified 928 and 1,936 reported ZVD cases from San Andres and Girardot, respectively. The overall attack rate for reported ZVD was 12.13 cases per 1,000 residents of San Andres and 18.43 cases per 1,000 residents of Girardot. Attack rates were significantly higher in females in both municipalities (p < 0.001). Cases occurred in all age groups with highest rates in 20 to 49 year-olds. The estimated R0 for the Zika outbreak was 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.74) in San Andres and 4.61 (95% CI: 4.11-5.16) in Girardot. Transmission of ZIKV is ongoing in the Americas. The estimated R0 from Colombia supports the observed rapid spread.

Triplication of DYRK1A causes retinal structural and functional alterations in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) results from the triplication of approximately 300 human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes and affects almost all body organs. Children with DS have defects in visual processing that may have a negative impact on their daily life and cognitive development. However, there is little known about the genes and pathogenesis underlying these defects. Here, we show morphometric in vivo data indicating that the neural retina is thicker in DS individuals than in the normal population. A similar thickening specifically affecting the inner part of the retina was also observed in a trisomic model of DS, the Ts65Dn mouse. Increased retinal size and cellularity in this model correlated with abnormal retinal function and resulted from an impaired caspase-9-mediated apoptosis during development. Moreover, we show that mice bearing only one additional copy of Dyrk1a have the same retinal phenotype as Ts65Dn mice and normalization of Dyrk1a gene copy number in Ts65Dn mice completely rescues both, morphological and functional phenotypes. Thus, triplication of Dyrk1a is necessary and sufficient to cause the retinal phenotype described in the trisomic model. Our data demonstrate for the first time the implication of DYRK1A overexpression in a developmental alteration of the central nervous system associated with DS, thereby providing insights into the aetiology of neurosensorial dysfunction in a complex disease.

Development of a UHPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous quantification of 4-phenylcoumarins and chlorogenic acid in Exostema caribaeum stem bark.

Potential toxic effects in mice of an infusion prepared from the stem bark of Exostema caribaeum was assessed by means of the Lorke procedure. The preparation was not found to be toxic, with the LD50 value estimated to be more than 5 g/kg. This preparation at 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg also caused a significant hypoglycemic effect and a reduction in the postprandial glycemia peak in both normal and nicotinamide/streptozotocin (NA/STZ)-diabetic mice in an oral sucrose tolerance test. Phytochemical analysis of the infusion revealed that the major active principles are 4-phenylcoumarins (2-8) and chlorogenic acid (1). During this process, a new 4-phenylcoumarin was isolated along with several known analogues. The structure of the new compound was established as 5-O-[ß-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl]-7,3',4'-trihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (2) by spectroscopic means. A simple, efficient, fast, and reliable UHPLC-PDA analytical method for quantifying 4-phenylcoumarins and chlorogenic acid (1) was developed and validated. Parameters assessed for the method validation were selectivity, linearity, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. It was found that all calibration curves showed good linearity (R(2) > 0.9931), within the range of concentrations tested.

Using modified trapping regimes to understand the behavioral and spatial ecology of Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae).

The avian vampire fly Philornis downsi (Dodge & Aitken) (Diptera: Muscidae) is native to continental South America and the Caribbean, but invasive in the Galapagos Archipelago. The larvae of P. downsi feed on the blood and tissues of the nestlings of 75% of the small land bird species that are endemic or native to Galapagos, causing high in-nest mortality and severe population declines in some species. Efficient trapping techniques are vital to safeguarding these birds in the short term as well as for monitoring fly populations, but basic information about the ecology of the fly is still needed to help develop a species-appropriate trapping method. In this study, we used a novel trapping regime with a vertical distribution to make inferences about P. downsi's behavioral and spatial ecology and to optimize trap catch. Our results showed that male and female P. downsi were trapped in greater numbers below the canopy (3.1-7.5 m), lower down than other commonly caught insect species (5.1-11.5 m). Notably, the effect of trap height remained consistent across seasons and different weather conditions. These findings suggest that P. downsi tend to move at heights where their hosts nest (at or below the canopy) and do not spend time above the canopy. This also makes it unlikely that strategies such as hill-topping or aerial swarming are being used to locate mates. As such, trapping and control efforts should be focused below the canopy in forests with similar canopy heights to effectively capture P. downsi and reduce bycatch of other insects.

Safety of the oral methionine load test: effects on the clinical performance and laboratory tests.

INTRODUCTION: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a prothrombotic risk factor. Homocysteine is evaluated during fasting and after an oral methionine load (OML). AIM: To determine the safety of the OML test according to the general performance status and clinical laboratory tests. We studied healthy nonsmoking volunteers and patients with several thrombotic conditions. Before and after receiving an OML, blood samples were obtained to perform several laboratory tests. We also evaluated acute and subacute adverse effects and 30-day associated morbidity and mortality. Of 353 individuals, three were eliminated because they did not tolerate the OML. We studied 175 healthy individuals and 175 patients without age differences. After OML, mild to moderate clinical abnormalities were recorded in 78 subjects (22.1%): nausea (n = 69; 88.5%), dizziness (n = 13; 16.7%) and decreased or increased blood pressure (n = 8; 10.2%). Nausea always disappeared after breakfast in affected individuals. Prevalence of complications was similar in patients and controls. No patient required hospitalization and there was no mortality during the 30-day study period. In conclusion, OML test had no significant undesirable effects on the clinical status or the general laboratory tests of patients and healthy controls. Some mild and moderate symptoms associated with OML tests were observed, and OML test did not negatively affect general laboratory tests. OML test is a safe diagnostic procedure in patients with previous thrombotic events (and with the consequent associated risk factors such as diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia) and in healthy subjects.

Telenursing in mental health: effect on anxiety symptoms and alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Teleenfermería en salud mental: efecto sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: (1) A remote intervention with a positive impact on reducing anxiety and alcohol use. (2) Nursing as a protagonist of preventive care in mental health (3) A low-cost intervention that covers several population groups. (4) Telenursing in mental health as a care strategy during COVID-19. to investigate the effect of a remote intervention on anxiety symptoms and alcohol use in users of the Primary Health Care service. METHOD: a quasi-experimental study conducted with 1,270 participants who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6. Of these, 1,033 interviewees scored for moderate/severe anxiety symptoms (STAI-6 > 3) and moderate/severe risk alcohol use (AUDIT-C > 3), and received the interventions via telephone calls with follow-up periods lasting seven and 180 days. For data analysis, a mixed-effects regression model was used. RESULTS: the effect of the intervention performed was positive in reducing anxiety symptoms between T0 and T1 (µ=1.6, p<0.001) and in reducing the alcohol use pattern between T1 and T3 (µ=1.57, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: the follow-up results suggest a positive effect of the intervention in reducing anxiety and the alcohol use pattern, which tends to be maintained over time. There is diverse evidence that the intervention proposed can be an alternative for preventive care in mental health, in situations where accessibility of the user or the professional is compromised.

Internal validity evidence of a knowledge questionnaire on alcohol use, abuse and dependence and associated questions.

OBJECTIVES: to perform content validity and verify the psychometric properties of the adapted version of an alcohol knowledge questionnaire and associated questions. METHODS: a methodological study, in which a committee of judges analyzed the questionnaire item representativeness, clarity and relevance. Item response theory was used to assess the instrument psychometric properties applied to a sample of 240 health professionals. RESULTS: the questions were adjusted according to judges' assessment, obtaining a satisfactory Content Validity Index (0.98). High discrimination ability and adequate difficulty levels were observed in 75% of multiple-choice questions and in 25% of statements. CONCLUSIONS: the instrument presented content validity with satisfactory indices. However, it is recommended that the questionnaire adapted in this study be used in different samples of health professionals from other parts of Brazil, in order to provide greater robustness to its reliability.

Chemogenetic regulation of the TARP-lipid interaction mimics LTP and reversibly modifies behavior.

Long-term potentiation (LTP), a well-characterized form of synaptic plasticity, is believed to underlie memory formation. Hebbian, postsynaptically expressed LTP requires TARPγ-8 phosphorylation for synaptic insertion of AMPA receptors (AMPARs). However, it is unknown whether TARP-mediated AMPAR insertion alone is sufficient to modify behavior. Here, we report the development of a chemogenetic tool, ExSYTE (Excitatory SYnaptic Transmission modulator by Engineered TARPγ-8), to mimic the cytoplasmic interaction of TARP with the plasma membrane in a doxycycline-dependent manner. We use this tool to examine the specific role of synaptic AMPAR potentiation in amygdala neurons that are activated by fear conditioning. Selective expression of active ExSYTE in these neurons potentiates AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in a doxycycline-dependent manner, occludes synaptically induced LTP, and mimics freezing triggered by cued fear conditioning. Thus, chemogenetic controlling of the TARP-membrane interaction is sufficient for LTP-like synaptic AMPAR insertion, which mimics fear conditioning.

Y chromosome sequence and epigenomic reconstruction across human populations.

Recent advances in long-read sequencing technologies have allowed the generation and curation of more complete genome assemblies, enabling the analysis of traditionally neglected chromosomes, such as the human Y chromosome (chrY). Native DNA was sequenced on a MinION Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing device to generate genome assemblies for seven major chrY human haplogroups. We analyzed and compared the chrY enrichment of sequencing data obtained using two different selective sequencing approaches: adaptive sampling and flow cytometry chromosome sorting. We show that adaptive sampling can produce data to create assemblies comparable to chromosome sorting while being a less expensive and time-consuming technique. We also assessed haplogroup-specific structural variants, which would be otherwise difficult to study using short-read sequencing data only. Finally, we took advantage of this technology to detect and profile epigenetic modifications among the considered haplogroups. Altogether, we provide a framework to study complex genomic regions with a simple, fast, and affordable methodology that could be applied to larger population genomics datasets.

Alcohol Use and Anxiety in Primary Health Care Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Phone-Based Study.

In March 2020, physical distancing and quarantine measures were implemented in Brazil, which may have affected the physical and mental health of the population. This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample and telephone-based interviews to identify anxiety symptoms and alcohol use patterns among 1,264 Brazilian primary health care (PHC) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State 6 and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) questionnaires were used to assess anxiety symptoms and alcohol use patterns, respectively. According to the AUDIT-C results, the prevalence of harmful drinking was 38.5%. Those who reported that their alcohol consumption decreased during the pandemic had high scores on the AUDIT-C, indicating a moderate/severe risk of drinking. Moderate or severe anxiety was observed in 60.1% of participants. These results highlight the needs to assess the pandemic's consequences on the mental health of the population and to encourage the implementation of preventive approaches in PHC settings to address anxiety and harmful alcohol consumption.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of compounds from Justicia spicigera (Acanthaceae).

An infusion from the aerial parts of Justicia spicigera Schltdl., an herb commonly used to treat diabetes, inhibited the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Two undescribed compounds, 2-N-(p-coumaroyl)-3H-phenoxazin-3-one, and 3″-O-acetyl-kaempferitrin, along with kaempferitrin, kaempferol 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, perisbivalvine B and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone were isolated from the active extract. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. The isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against PTP1B; the most active compounds were 2-N-(p-coumaroyl)-3H-phenoxazin-3-one, and perisbivalvine B with IC50 values of 159.1 ± 0.02 µM and 106.6 ± 0.01 µM, respectively. However, perisbivalvine B was unstable. Kinetic analysis of 2-N-(p-coumaroyl)-3H-phenoxazin-3-one and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (obtained in good amounts) indicated that both compounds behaved as parabolic competitive inhibitors and bind to the enzyme forming complexes with 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometry. Docking of 2-N-(p-coumaroyl)-3H-phenoxazin-3-one and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone to PTP1B1-400 predicted a good affinity of these compounds for PTP1B catalytic site and demonstrated that the binding of a second ligand is sterically possible. The 1:2 complex was also supported by the second docking analysis, which predicted an important contribution of π-stacking interactions to the stability of these 1:2 complexes. Finally, an UHPLC-MS method was developed and validated to quantify the content of kaempferitrin in the infusion of the plant.

Nursing students' attitudes towards alcohol use disorders and related issues: A comparative study in four American countries.

The present study identified and compared the attitudes of nursing students from North and South American countries towards alcohol, alcohol use disorders and persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). A cross-sectional design and survey approach were used. The sample consisted of 327 nursing students recruited from four nursing schools in metropolitan regions of North and South America. The questionnaire contained questions about sex, age, marital status, home country and other questions about training in substance use disorders during nursing education and previous experiences with substance use disorder patients. To identify nursing students' attitudes, validated English, Spanish and Portuguese versions of the attitudes scale for alcohol, alcoholism and persons with AUDs (EAFAA) were applied. Comparison of the four groups suggested that nursing students in the United States demonstrated more positive attitudes than students from Colombia, Mexico and Brazil. Similar positive attitudes were observed towards individuals with AUDs. Results of the attitudes towards the aetiology of AUDs showed positive attitudes in all samples, suggesting a contemporary understanding of AUDs. Nursing students' attitudes were associated with home country and training in substance use disorders during nursing education. Nursing students' attitudes were generally positive across countries. Idiosyncratic cultural and educational aspects in these countries and world regions likely significantly influenced the attitudes of nursing students towards alcohol and associated issues.

Antinociceptive Effect of an Aqueous Extract and Essential Oil from Baccharis heterophylla.

Infusions and poultices prepared from the aerial parts of Baccharis heterophylla Kunth (Asteraceae) are widely used in Oaxaca (Mexico) for relieving painful and inflammatory complaints. Therefore, the antinociceptive potential of an aqueous extract (31.6-316 mg/kg, p.o.) and essential oil (30-177 µg/paw, i.pl.) of the plant was assessed using the formalin test. Both preparations inhibited the formalin-induced nociception response (100-316 mg/kg and 100-177 µg/paw, respectively) during the test's second phase. Chemical analysis of the aqueous extract revealed that the major active components were chlorogenic acid (1), 3,4-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 4,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (5), apigenin (6), genkwanin (7), acacetin (8). Compounds 1-5 and 8 are new for B. heterophylla. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for quantifying chlorogenic acid (1) and di-caffeoylquinic acids 2-4 in the plant was developed and validated. Analyses of the essential oil and the headspace solid-phase microextraction products, via gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealed that the major volatiles were ß-pinene, myrcene, D-limonene, ß-caryophyllene, and α-caryophyllene, which have demonstrated antinociceptive properties.

Health Professionals' Attitudes Toward Alcoholism and Associated Issues: A Comparative Study in a Brazilian Sample.

Attitudes of health professionals have an effect on the quality of care provided to individuals with alcohol use disorders. The identification of health professionals' attitudes supports strategies that promote positive attitudes and improve the quality of the health care provided to this population. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 831 health professionals. Data were collected using the scale of attitudes toward alcohol, alcohol use disorder, and individuals with alcohol use disorders. Pearson test, Analysis of Variance, and Bayesian linear regression were used to analyze the data. There was a predominance of positive attitudes among all professional categories, with the exception of attitudes toward the etiology of alcohol use disorder and attitudes toward alcoholic beverages and their use. The respondent's age and professional category influenced his or her attitudes toward alcohol and associated issues. There are differences in the attitudes of professionals from different professional groups, which may contribute to inconsistencies in the care provided for individuals with alcohol use disorders. The results of our study suggest that strategies regarding the training and continuing education of health professionals that consider the particularities of each profession be instituted to improve professionals' attitudes, thus improving their ability to address issues related to alcohol use disorders and encourage alcoholic patients to engage in treatment.