Assessment of a serum calcification propensity test for the prediction of all-cause mortality among hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification is a major contributor to the high cardiac burden among hemodialysis patients. A novel in vitro T50-test, which determines calcification propensity of human serum, may identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease and mortality. We evaluated whether T50 predicts mortality and hospitalizations among an unselected cohort of hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This prospective clinical study included 776 incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients from 8 dialysis centers in Spain. T50 and fetuin-A were determined at Calciscon AG, all other clinical data were retrieved from the European Clinical Database. After their baseline T50 measurement, patients were followed for two years for the occurrence of all-cause mortality, CV-related mortality, all-cause and CV-related hospitalizations. Outcome assessment was performed with proportional subdistribution hazards regression modelling. RESULTS: Patients who died during follow-up had a significantly lower T50 at baseline as compared to those who survived (269.6 vs. 287.7 min, p = 0.001). A cross-validated model (mean c statistic: 0.5767) identified T50 as a linear predictor of all-cause-mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio (per min): 0.9957, 95% CI [0.9933;0.9981]). T50 remained significant after inclusion of known predictors. There was no evidence for prediction of CV-related outcomes, but for all-cause hospitalizations (mean c statistic: 0.5284). CONCLUSION: T50 was identified as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality among an unselected cohort of hemodialysis patients. However, the additional predictive value of T50 added to known mortality predictors was limited. Future studies are needed to assess the predictive value of T50 for CV-related events in unselected hemodialysis patients.

Influence of Depression and Anxiety on Hemodialysis Patients: The Value of Multidisciplinary Care.

Affective disorders promote poorer outcomes in hemodialysis patients. According to the presence or not of depression/anxiety in these patients, aims were to analyze differences in sociodemographic, clinical and/or psychological factors and to identify predictors. One hundred eighty-six hemodialysis patients were classified based on their depression/anxiety status. Basal characteristics showed differences between groups where mainly male sex (Depression: OR 0.2; Anxiety: OR 0.3) albumin (Depression: OR 0.1; Anxiety: OR 0.2) and calcium levels (Depression: OR 0.5; Anxiety: OR 0.4), impaired quality of life (Depression: OR 1.4; Anxiety: OR 1.2) and psychological inflexibility (Depression: OR 1.3; Anxiety: OR 1.2) were associated (all p < 0.01) to these mental conditions. Multivariate models showed that worse quality of life (OR 1.3; p < 0.001) predicted depression while marital status (with a partner; OR 0.3; p = 0.025) and albumin levels (OR 0.1; p = 0.027) were protective factors. Depression represented a risk factor for anxiety (OR 1.2; p = 0.001), although calcium levels (OR 0.5; p = 0.039) would protect this state. Interestingly, psychological inflexibility predicted both disorders (Depression: OR 1.2, p < 0.001 and Anxiety: OR 1.1; p = 0.002). Results highlight the relevance of well-trained multidisciplinary hemodialysis units to control the influence of these factors on the presence of depression/anxiety, and thus, their impact on the patients' outcomes.

Psychological inflexibility and clinical impact: Adaptation of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II in a sample of patients on haemodialysis treatment. / Inflexibilidad psicológica e impacto clínico: adaptación del Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción-II en una muestra de pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Few studies have investigated the role psychological inflexibility (PI) could have in the context of chronic renal failure. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the psychometric features, the reliability and the validity of the Spanish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) adapted to the context of patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). The secondary objective was to assess the relationship between PI and parameters related to the adherence to treatment and quality of life in these types of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study with patients on haemodialysis (n=186). RESULTS: The fat tissue index (15.56±5.72 vs. 18.99±8.91, P=.033), phosphorus levels (3.92±1.24 vs. 4.66±1.38; P=.001) and interdialytic weight gain (1.56±0.69 vs. 1.89±0.93, P=.016) were higher in patients with a higher PI score. Phosphorus levels (P=.013) significantly explained the variability of PI levels. PI was also shown as a significant predictor (P=.026) of the variability of phosphorus levels. CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation of the AAQ-II questionnaire to the HD context led to a valid and reliable measurement of PI in these types of patients and our results also seem to support the relationship between PI and health and quality of life parameters in patients with chronic conditions.

[New reliable methods for the diagnose of protein-energy wasting in hemodialysis patients]. / Nuevos métodos fiables para diagnosticar la depleción proteico-calórica en los pacientes en hemodiálisis.

BACKGROUND: Protein-energy wasting (PEW), defined as the body loss of muscle mass and fat, is an important cardiovascular risk factor in dialysis patients. Diagnosing this condition requires the presence of three characteristics: biochemical (low albumine, prealbumine or cholesterol), body mass reduction (body mass index, weight loss or fat loss) and muscle mass reduction (measured by means of creatinine or arm muscle area). This study aimed at demonstrating that the lean tissue index (LTI) calculated by spectroscopic bioimpedance (SBI) is a valid parameter for the diagnostic of protein-energy wasting. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 1369 patients with two BCM measurements on a six-month delay, analyzing analytic and spectroscopic bioimpedance parameters. RESULTS: The lean tissue index from the BCM (Body Composition Monitor) quantifies the patient's lean mass and it is matched against traditional parameters (plasma albumine) and non-traditional parameters (IRE and PCR) for protein-energy wasting with no alterations from the patient's hydration level. CONCLUSIONS: LTI is an easy to obtain parameter of lean mass which can be followed and monitored in order to diagnose risk situations of our patients as it is the protein- energy wasting.

Introducción: La depleción proteico-calórica (protein- energy wasting, PEW) definida como pérdida de masa muscular y grasa del organismo, supone un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes en diálisis. Para su diagnóstico se requiere de la presencia de tres características: bioquímicas (albúmina, prealbúmina o colesterol bajos), descenso de masa corporal (índice de masa corporal, pérdida de peso o de grasa) y reducción de masa muscular (evaluada mediante creatinina o área muscular del brazo). El Objetivo del presente estudio es demostrar que el índice de tejido magro (LTI) obtenido por bioimpedancia espectroscópica (BIS) es un parámetro válido para el diagnóstico de depleción proteico- calórica. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 1369 pacientes con dos mediciones de BCM entre las que transcurren seis meses, en los que analizamos parámetros analíticos y de bioimpedancia espectroscópica . Resultados: El índice de tejido magro aportado por el BCM (Body Composition Monitor) cuantifica la masa magra del paciente y se correlaciona con parámetros tradicionales (albúmina plasmática) y no-tradicionales (IRE y PCR) de depleción proteico-calórica sin verse alterado por la situación hídrica del paciente. Conclusiones: El LTI es un parámetro de masa magra fácil de obtener cuyo seguimiento y monitorización nos puede ayudar a diagnosticar situaciones de riesgo para nuestros pacientes como la depleción proteico-calórica.

Inflexibilidad psicológica e impacto clínico: adaptación del Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción-II en una muestra de pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis / Psychological inflexibility and clinical impact: Adaptation of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II in a sample of patients on haemodialysis treatment

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: Apenas existen estudios que hayan investigado el papel que la inflexibilidad psicológica (IP) pudiera tener en el contexto de la IRC. El objetivo primario de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas, la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión española del Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II adaptada al contexto de pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis. El objetivo secundario fue analizar la relación entre IP y parámetros relacionados con la adhesión al tratamiento y calidad de vida en este tipo de pacientes. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal prospectivo con pacientes en hemodiálisis (n = 186). RESULTADOS: El índice de tejido graso (15,56 ± 5,72 vs. 18,99 ± 8,91; p = 0,033), los niveles de fósforo (3,92 ± 1,24 vs. 4,66 ± 1,38; p = 0,001) y la ganancia de peso interdiálisis (1,56 ± 0,69 vs. 1,89 ± 0,93; p = 0,016) fueron mayores en los pacientes con más puntuación en IP. Los niveles de fósforo (p = 0,013) explicaron de forma significativa la variabilidad de los niveles de IP, la cual también se mostró como un predictor significativo (p = 0,026) de la variabilidad de los niveles de fósforo. CONCLUSIONES: La adaptación del cuestionario Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II al contexto de hemodiálisis da lugar a una medida válida y fiable de la IP para este tipo de pacientes, y los resultados de este estudio parecen apoyar el papel de la IP con relación a parámetros de salud y calidad de vida en el ámbito de las enfermedades crónicas

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Few studies have investigated the role psychological inflexibility (PI) could have in the context of chronic renal failure. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the psychometric features, the reliability and the validity of the Spanish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) adapted to the context of patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). The secondary objective was to assess the relationship between PI and parameters related to the adherence to treatment and quality of life in these types of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study with patients on haemodialysis (n = 186). RESULTS: The fat tissue index (15.56 ± 5.72 vs. 18.99 ± 8.91, P = .033), phosphorus levels (3.92 ± 1.24 vs. 4.66 ± 1.38; P = .001) and interdialytic weight gain (1.56 ± 0.69 vs. 1.89 ± 0.93, P = .016) were higher in patients with a higher PI score. Phosphorus levels (P = .013) significantly explained the variability of PI levels. PI was also shown as a significant predictor (P = .026) of the variability of phosphorus levels. CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation of the AAQ-II questionnaire to the HD context led to a valid and reliable measurement of PI in these types of patients and our results also seem to support the relationship between PI and health and quality of life parameters in patients with chronic conditions

Nuevos métodos fiables para diagnosticar la depleción proteico-calórica en los pacientes en hemodiálisis / New reliable methods for the diagnose of protein-energy wasting in hemodialysis patients

Introducción: La depleción proteico-calórica (protein-energy wasting, PEW) definida como pérdida de masa muscular y grasa del organismo, supone un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes en diálisis. Para su diagnóstico se requiere de la presencia de tres características: bioquímicas (albúmina, prealbúmina o colesterol bajos), descenso de masa corporal (índice de masa corporal, pérdida de peso o de grasa) y reducción de masa muscular (evaluada mediante creatinina o área muscular del brazo). El Objetivo del presente estudio es demostrar que el índice de tejido magro (LTI) obtenido por bioimpedancia espectroscópica (BIS) es un parámetro válido para el diagnóstico de depleción proteico-calórica. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 1369 pacientes con dos mediciones de BCM entre las que transcurren seis meses, en los que analizamos parámetros analíticos y de bioimpedancia espectroscópica . Resultados: El índice de tejido magro aportado por el BCM (Body Composition Monitor) cuantifica la masa magra del paciente y se correlaciona con parámetros tradicionales (albúmina plasmática) y no-tradicionales (IRE y PCR) de depleción proteico-calórica sin verse alterado por la situación hídrica del paciente. Conclusiones: El LTI es un parámetro de masa magra fácil de obtener cuyo seguimiento y monitorización nos puede ayudar a diagnosticar situaciones de riesgo para nuestros pacientes como la depleción proteico-calórica (AU)

Background: Protein-energy wasting (PEW), defined as the body loss of muscle mass and fat, is an important cardiovascular risk factor in dialysis patients. Diagnosing this condition requires the presence of three characteristics: biochemical (low albumine, prealbumine or cholesterol), body mass reduction (body mass index, weight loss or fat loss) and muscle mass reduction (measured by means of creatinine or arm muscle area). This study aimed at demonstrating that the lean tissue index (LTI) calculated by spectroscopic bioimpedance (SBI) is a valid parameter for the diagnostic of protein-energy wasting. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 1369 patients with two BCM measurements on a six-month delay, analyzing analytic and spectroscopic bioimpedance parameters. Results: The lean tissue index from the BCM (Body Composition Monitor) quantifies the patient’s lean mass and it is matched against traditional parameters (plasma albumine) and non-traditional parameters (IRE and PCR) for protein-energy wasting with no alterations from the patient’s hydration level. Conclusions: LTI is an easy to obtain parameter of lean mass which can be followed and monitored in order to diagnose risk situations of our patients as it is the protein-energy wasting (AU)