[Common Malignant Tumors in the Reproductive System of Chinese Women: Disease Burden During 1990-2019 and Prediction of Future Trend].

Objective To analyze the trends of disease burden of cervical cancer,uterine cancer,and ovarian cancer among Chinese women from 1990 to 2019,and to provide a basis for formulating precise prevention and control measures in China. Methods The global disease burden data in 2019 were used to describe the changes in indicators such as incidence,mortality,years of life lost due to premature mortality(YLL),years lived with disability(YLD),and disability-adjusted life year(DALY) of cervical,uterine,and ovarian cancers in China from 1990 to 2019.Furthermore,the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was adopted to predict the incidence and mortality of the cancers from 2020 to 2030. Results From 1990 to 2019,the incidence rates and mortality of cervical,uterine,and ovarian cancers in Chinese women showed an upward trend,and the age-standardized incidence rate of ovarian cancer increased the most(0.78%).In 2019,the incidence of cervical cancer and uterine cancer concentrated in the women of 55-59 years old,and ovarian cancer mainly occurred in the women of 70-74 years old.The DALY,YLL,and YLD of cervical,uterine,and ovarian cancers all presented varying degrees of growth at all ages.The Bayesian age-period-cohort model predicted that from 2020 to 2030,the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China showed a decreasing trend,while those of uterine cancer and ovarian cancer showed an increasing trend.There was no significant change in the age with high incidence of the three cancers. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019,the overall disease burden of cervical,uterine,and ovarian cancers in China increased,while the disease burden of cervical cancer decreased after 2020.It is recommended that the efforts should be doubled for the prevention and control of cervical,uterine,and ovarian cancers.

Biological Functions of Selenoprotein Iodothyronine Deiodinase and its Expression in Osteoarthritis.

Objective Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs) are important selenoproteins that play a key role in the bone and joint diseases. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease especially in elders. This bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore the role of DIOs in OA pathogenesis. Methods The biological functions of selenoprotein DIOs were analyzed by bioinformatic techniques, including GenCLip 3.0, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), STRING, Cytoscape, and Network Analyst. The expression of DIOs in the healthy individuals and OA patients was determined by mining OA-related microarray data in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database of National Center for Biotechnology Information and performing a Meta-analysis of the data with Review Manager 5.3. Results Cluster analysis revealed that the function of the DIOs was associated with thyroid hormone receptor and iodothyronine; GO analysis showed that DIOs were mainly involved in biological processes, such as ethanol metabolism and phenol-containing compound metabolism and primarily involved in the cytochrome P450 metabolism of exogenous organisms and thyroid hormone signaling; SULT1A1 was the core node of the PPI network; miRNAs and thyroid hormones had some iterations with DIO1and DIO2; Meta-analysis showed that DIO3 expression was significantly up-regulated in OA patients (SMD = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.59, P = 0.03). Conclusions The main biological functions of DIOs were closely associated with the regulation of thyroid hormone. And the up-regulated expression of DIO3 may have crucial impact on the occurrence of OA.

[Expression of Glutathione Peroxidases and Its Effect on Clinical Prognosis in Glioma Patients].

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of glutathione peroxidase(GPX)genes and the clinical prognosis in glioma patients,and to construct and evaluate the model for predicting the prognosis of glioma. Methods The clinical information and GPX expression of 663 patients,including 153 patients of glioblastoma(GBM)and 510 patients of low-grade glioma(LGG),were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The relationship between GPX expression and patient survival was analyzed.The key GPX affecting the prognosis of glioma was screened out by single- and multi-factor Cox's proportional-hazards regression models and validated by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(Lasso)regression.Finally,we constructed the model for predicting the prognosis of glioma with the screening results and then used concordance index and calibration curve respectively to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of model. Results Compared with those in the control group,the expression levels of GPX1,GPX3,GPX4,GPX7,and GPX8 were up-regulated in glioma patients(all P<0.001).Moreover,the expression levels of other GPX except GPX3 were higher in GBM patients than in LGG patients(all P<0.001).The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the progression-free survival of GBM with high expression of GPX1(P=0.013)and GPX4(P=0.040),as well as the overall survival,disease-specific survival,and progression-free survival of LGG with high expression of GPX1,GPX7,and GPX8,was shortened(all P<0.001).GPX7 and GPX8 were screened out as the key factors affecting the prognosis of LGG.The results were further used to construct a nomogram model,which suggested GPX7 was the most important variable.The concordance index of the model was 0.843(95%CI=0.809-0.853),and the calibration curve showed that the predicted and actual results had good consistency. Conclusion GPX7 is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of LGG,and the nomogram model constructed with it can be used to predict the survival rate of LGG.

[Changes of Gene Expression Profile in Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Screening of Their Related Environmental Chemicals].

Objective To study the gene expression of cardiac mesenchymal cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)based on a whole-genome high-throughput sequencing dataset,screen differentially expressed genes,analyze the genetics signature of cardiac mesenchymal cells in T2DM patients by bioinformatics analysis,and explore the environmental chemicals related to the key differentially expressed genes. Methods The dataset GSE106177 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.The dataset was pre-processed and analyzed by Network Analyst,Cytoscape 3.7.1,String11.0,CTD,and HMDD for screening for differentially expressed genes,enrichment analysis,establishment of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks,and screening for relevant environmental chemicals. Results The gene expression pattern of cardiac mesenchymal cells in T2DM patients was significantly different from that in the control group.There were 135 differentially expressed genes,of which 58 (42.96%) were up-regulated and 77 (57.04%) were down-regulated.The differentially expressed genes mainly participated in biological processes such as multicellular organism development,anatomical structure development,and system development and were mainly involved in hepatocellular carcinoma,Cushing's syndrome,and cholesterol metabolism.PPI network showed that UBC was the core protein node.The microRNA-Gene interaction network showed that seven microRNAs,represented by hsa-mir-8485,interacted with the differentially expressed genes.Key T2DM related genes such as UBC,DNER,and CNTN1 interacted with bisphenol A. Conclusions The gene expression profile of cardiac mesenchymal cells markedly changes in T2DM patients,during which UBC may play an important biological role.Bisphenol A exposure may also affect the development and normal function of cardiac cells in T2DM patients.

[Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and the Interaction Network between Acute and Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children].

Objective To analyze the differentially expressed genes and key proteins in T cells between acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children and provide the basis for the prevention and therapies of this disease. Methods Microarray gene chip data from T cells of children with acute or chronic ITP were downloaded from the GEO Database. The gene expression profiles,gene function,and protein interaction network were analyzed by R,QOE,Networkanalyst,GCBI,and GenClip. Results The gene expression profiles between these two groups were significantly different. Among the 54 675 genes analyzed,there were 457 (0.84%) differentially expressed genes between these two groups. In the protein interaction networks among top 20 differentially expressed genes,the core was JUN(down-regulated) and ITCH(up-regulated),which were both related to the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway;differentially expressed genes were mainly related to the activation and tolerance of T cell. Conclusions The gene expression profiles differ between acute and chronic ITP patients,suggesting that the gene transcription profile plays a regulatory role in the different stages of ITP. JUN and ITCH may play a role in predict the progression of ITP and may exert their biological functions by regulating the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway.

Numerical model for the investigation of countercurrent chromatography.

A numerical model is developed to describe the separation process of countercurrent chromatography (CCC) in this work. The theory of countercurrent extraction table (TCCET) is first proposed to calculate concentration distributions of chemical components in the CCC, which is essential for a numerical model to describe the dynamic equilibrium of mass transfer. According to the theory of countercurrent extraction, the concentration in chromatography obeys binomial distribution, while the outflow from the n-th stage is a negative binomial distribution. As a result of the central limit theorem, they will obey normal distribution for sufficiently large n. Row-stage ratio (R(RS)) is then defined to determine the K value or retention time because it has a linear relationship to K value and retention time. The stage for a certain K value can be subsequently obtained with a very simple form, n(k)=1/(2piq(k)X(2)(k, max)), which can be calculated from the peak height obtained from experiments. Finally, the actual stage for a separation chromatogram can be acquired with using this simple expression. The agreement between theoretic and experimental results is quite satisfactory in the normal-phase and reversed-phase elution mode.

White Matter Lesions Predict Recurrent Vascular Events in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attacks.

BACKGROUND: White matter lesions (WMLs) are common findings in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are strongly associated with stroke incidence, recurrence, and prognosis. However, the relationship between WMLs and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is not well established. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of WMLs in patients with TIA. METHODS: A total of 181 consecutive inpatients with first-ever TIA were enrolled. Brain MRIs within 2 days of symptom onset were used to measure WML volumes. Recurrent vascular events within 1 year of TIA onset were assessed. The relationship between WMLs and recurrent risk of vascular events was determined by a multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: WMLs were identified in 104 patients (57.5%). Age and ratio of hypertension were significantly different between patients with and without WMLs. The incidence of vascular events in patients with WMLs significantly increased in comparison to those without WMLs (21.15% vs. 5.19%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-15.20, P = 0.027) after controlling for confounders. Furthermore, distributions of WML loads were found to be different between patients who developed vascular events and those who did not. WML volumes were demonstrated to be correlated with recurrent risks, and the fourth quartile of WML volumes led to an 8.5-fold elevation of recurrent risk of vascular events compared with the first quartile (95% CI: 1.52-47.65, P = 0.015) after adjusting for hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSION: WMLs occur frequently in patients with TIA and are associated with the high risk of recurrent vascular events, suggesting a predictive neuroimaging marker for TIA outcomes.

Characterization of surface EMG signals using improved approximate entropy.

An improved approximate entropy (ApEn) is presented and applied to characterize surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. In most previous experiments using nonlinear dynamic analysis, this certain processing was often confronted with the problem of insufficient data points and noisy circumstances, which led to unsatisfactory results. Compared with fractal dimension as well as the standard ApEn, the improved ApEn can extract information underlying sEMG signals more efficiently and accurately. The method introduced here can also be applied to other medium-sized and noisy physiological signals.

Classification of surface EMG signal with fractal dimension.

Surface EMG (electromyography) signal is a complex nonlinear signal with low signal to noise ratio (SNR). This paper is aimed at identifying different patterns of surface EMG signals according to fractal dimension. Two patterns of surface EMG signals are respectively acquired from the right forearm flexor of 30 healthy volunteers during right forearm supination (FS) or forearm pronation (FP). After the high frequency noise is filtered from surface EMG signal by a low-pass filter, fractal dimension is calculated from the filtered surface EMG signal. The results showed that the fractal dimensions of filtered FS surface EMG signals and those of filtered FP surface EMG signals distribute in two different regions, so the fractal dimensions can represent different patterns of surface EMG signals.

Antagonism of botulinum toxin type A-induced cleavage of SNAP-25 in rat cerebral synaptosome by toosendanin.

Toosendanin (TSN), a triterpenoid derivative extracted from Chinese traditional medicine, has been demonstrated to be an effective cure for experimental botulism. This study is designed to explore its antibotulismic mechanism by Western blotting. The results showed that TSN incubation did not change the electrophoresis pattern and the amounts of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), syntaxin and synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein in rat cerebral synaptosomes, but made the synaptosomes completely resistant to botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A)-mediated cleavage of SNAP-25. After binding of BoNT/A to synaptosomes, TSN still partially antagonized the toxin-mediated cleavage of SNAP-25. However, TSN-incubated synaptosomal membrane fraction did not resist the cleavage of SNAP-25 by the light chain of BoNT/A. It is suggested that the antibotulismic effect of TSN results from blocking the toxin's approach to its enzymatic substrate.

Long-term effects of bone marrow-derived cells transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of bone marrow-derived cells (BMC) transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been established. The present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with follow-up ≥ 2 years was performed to investigate the long-term effects of BMC therapy in patients after AMI. METHODS: Specific terms were used to conduct a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the China Biological Medicine Disk database from their inception to March 2012. A standardized protocol was used to extract information, and random effect model was used to analyze all data except major adverse events. RESULTS: Five trials comprising 510 patients were included. Compared with controls, BMC therapy significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (4.18%, 95%CI: 2.02% to 6.35%, P = 0.0002), while mildly but not significantly reduced left ventricular end-systolic volume (-4.47 ml, 95%CI: -10.92 to 1.99, P = 0.17) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (-2.29 ml, 95%CI: -9.96 to 5.39, P = 0.56). Subgroup analysis revealed that significant improvement of LVEF induced by BMC therapy could be observed in patients with baseline LVEF ≤ 42%, but disappeared in those with baseline LVEF > 42%. There were trends in favor of BMC therapy for most major clinical adverse events, though most differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary BMC infusion in patients with AMI seems to be safe and may further improve LVEF on top of standard therapy; especially the beneficial effects could last for long term. The findings need to be validated in the future.