The Influence of Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Life Satisfaction: The Chain Mediating Role of Social Equity and Social Trust.

Life satisfaction is significantly influenced by social capital, a key sociological term that links people to their social surroundings. Through a survey of 17,217 Chinese residents, this study investigated the probable processes of how subjective socioeconomic status affects life satisfaction within the framework of social capital. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between subjective socioeconomic status and life satisfaction. Subjective socioeconomic status influences citizens' life satisfaction not only through the independent mediating effects of perceived social equity and social trust, but also through the chain mediation of perceived social equity and social trust. This research advances our knowledge of the mechanisms behind the association between subjective socioeconomic status and life satisfaction. In improving citizens' life satisfaction, we should not only provide sufficient subjective socioeconomic status to improve it, but also focus on the improvement of their social equity perceptions and social trust.

Sulfur Compounds in Regulation of Stomatal Movement.

Sulfur, widely present in the soil and atmosphere, is one of the essential elements for plants. Sulfate is a dominant form of sulfur in soils taken up by plant roots. In addition to the assimilation into sulfur compounds essential for plant growth and development, it has been reported recently that sulfate as well as other sulfur containing compounds can also induce stomatal movement. Here, we first summarized the uptake and transport of sulfate and atmospheric sulfur, including H2O and SO2, and then, focused on the effects of inorganic and organic sulfur on stomatal movement. We concluded all the transporters for different sulfur compounds, and compared the expression level of those transporters in guard cells and mesophyll cells. The relationship between abscisic acid and sulfur compounds in regulation of stomatal movement were also discussed.

Repairing Charity Trust in Times of Accidental Crisis: The Role of Crisis History and Crisis Response Strategy.

PURPOSE: Since it is practically significant to explore how to repair the public's trust in charities during accidental crisis, this study explored the crisis response strategies that charitable organizations with and without crisis histories could adopt when facing a current accidental crisis. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Study 1 (N = 177) used a 2 × 2 between-subjects design to examine the effects of crisis history (no crisis history vs. crisis history) and crisis response strategies (diminish vs. rebuild) on charity trust repair during an accidental crisis. Study 2 adopting a 3 × 2 between-subjects design examined the effects of crisis history (victim crisis history vs. accidental crisis history vs. preventable crisis history) and crisis response strategies (diminish vs. rebuild) on charity trust repair during an accidental crisis. RESULTS: The results of Study 1 showed that the diminish strategy adopted by charities in an accidental crisis can enhance public trust. However, if the charity has a crisis history, the rebuild strategy will enhance public trust. The results of Study 2 showed that, under the victim crisis history condition, participants' charity trust was borderline significantly higher than their pre-test charity trust when the diminish strategy was used. However, rebuild strategies did not significantly increase trust. Under the accidental crisis history condition, diminish strategies improved trust after the accidental crisis, while rebuild strategies did not. Under the preventable crisis history condition, diminish strategies did not improve trust after an accidental crisis, while rebuild strategies did. CONCLUSION: Charities should adopt a diminish strategy when experiencing their first accidental crisis. Charities with a victim or accidental crisis history should adopt a diminish strategy when facing a current accidental crisis. However, if a charity has a preventable crisis history, rebuild strategies are the most appropriate response to a current accidental crisis.

Promotion and Upregulation of a Plasma Membrane Proton-ATPase Strategy: Principles and Applications.

Plasma membrane proton-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) is a primary H+ transporter that consumes ATP in vivo and is a limiting factor in the blue light-induced stomatal opening signaling pathway. It was recently reported that manipulation of PM H+-ATPase in stomatal guard cells and other tissues greatly improved leaf photosynthesis and plant growth. In this report, we review and discuss the function of PM H+-ATPase in the context of the promotion and upregulation H+-ATPase strategy, including associated principles pertaining to enhanced stomatal opening, environmental plasticity, and potential applications in crops and nanotechnology. We highlight the great potential of the promotion and upregulation H+-ATPase strategy, and explain why it may be applied in many crops in the future.

Optimism and Mental Health of Minority Students: Moderating Effects of Cultural Adaptability.

Optimism, cultural adaptation, and mental health are distinct but associated concepts. An optimistic personality assists in maintaining mental health, and people with optimistic personality traits have better health than those with pessimistic personality traits. It has also been argued that (home or host) cultural factors influence the ability to adapt to individual social contexts and that interactions with individuals from different cultural backgrounds can help reduce social difficulties. Culture has a very important influence on the mental health of Tibetan college students, like other college students. This study aimed to investigate the initial mechanism of the potential influence of optimism on individuals' mental health and cultural adaptability to/integration with mainstream culture. A total of 1027 Tibetan college students from four universities in western China were recruited for the study. The tools used included an instrument developed by the authors and used for the first time here to assess optimism, as well as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Positive Affect Scale (PAS). Optimism influenced mental health in the present study. The results were as follows: (1) cultural adaptability played a moderating role in the relationship between self-efficacy optimism and depression (ß = 0.193, p < 0.01); (2) the moderating role of cultural adaptability in the relationship between optimism and positive emotions was not clear (p > 0.05); and (3) cultural adaptability moderated the relationship between self-efficacy optimism and life satisfaction (ß = 0.286, p < 0.01). Thus, optimism and mental health are closely related, and cultural adaptability significantly affects the effect of self-efficacy in regulating depression and life satisfaction among Tibetan college students in China.