Polarizing white light interferometry for phase measurements using two simultaneous interferograms.

Our research introduces a design for a polarization phase-shifting white light interferometric system (PPS-WLIS) that operates in a transmissive mode for measuring the slope phase of transparent objects. It comprises a cyclic path interferometer (lateral shear interferometer) coupled with a multiplexing Michelson interferometer. The system uses polarization to produce two parallel interferograms with polarization modulated with relative shifts simultaneously. To determine the optical phase, we used a two-step algorithm for phase demodulation that does not necessitate precise phase shifts, making the system more straightforward to operate. As a result, we could observe variations in the object associated with optical phase changes. Furthermore, our method simplifies the phase-shift interferometry process by requiring only one capture, making it an effective way to examine objects at dynamic events. As an illustration, we demonstrated the temperature measurement generated by a section of a candle flame.

Relative error in out-of-plane measurement due to the object illumination.

In this work the sensitivity vector is analyzed for collimated and divergent oblique illumination for an out-of-plane arrangement. In the case of collimated illumination, the variation of the sensitivity vector components was considered and a geometric model was proposed for its evaluation. The geometry of the optical setup used allowed us to find sensitivity mostly along the pulling direction; the other two components of the sensitivity vector were relatively small. We measured the displacement induced only along the pulling direction. Errors in the displacement measurement associated with divergent and collimated illumination can be predicted when the sensitivity vector is considered constant. Experimental and theoretical results are presented for the out-of-plane electronic speckle pattern interferometer. The analyzed object was an aluminum plate.

Análisis cualitativo del hábito de fumar en estudiantes del área de la salud / Qualitative analysis of students smoking in the area of health

Introducción. El tabaquismo es un problema de salud pública mundial importante en todos los países, de acuerdo con la OMS, cada año mueren 5.4 millones de personas dado que es un factor de riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas; enfisema pulmonar y cáncer. Este hábito es incongruente en estudiantes que atribuyen el consumo de tabaco a la integración de a un grupo social determinado, tomando actitudes que parecen ser contradictorias con la promoción y cuidado de la salud que ofrecen estos profesionales. Dada la preferencia por estudiar el fenómeno desde el punto de vista objetivo, surge el siguiente propósito: mostrar las implicaciones cualitativas alrededor del hàbito de fumar en estudiantes del área de la salud. Metodología. Diseño cualitativo, microetnográfico. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Población: fumadores activos y estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud. Muestreo por técnica bola de nieve. Resultados. Se realizaron 45 entrevistas de las cuales se identificaron 5 categorías, divididas en 19 conceptos y 124 atributos. Discusión. Los hallazgos del estudio muestran que los motivos principales por los cuales los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud fuman son imitación, curiosidad, aceptación social y experimentación bajo infl uencia de la familia, amigos y novio, además de las emociones que el tabaco produce en ellos y por las cuales han recaído. Conclusión. Con nuestro diseño mostramos una expectativa más allá de una estadística del fenómeno del tabaquismo, tomando en cuenta la opinión y sentimientos de los estudiantes, enfocándonos en un solo aspecto del contexto cultural de los participantes.

Introduction. Smoking is a global public health problem in all major countries, according to WHO, every year 5.4 million people die as a consequence of smoking since it is a risk factor for heart disease, emphysema and lung cancer. This habit is incongruous for students who attributed smoking to the integration of particular social group, taking attitudes that seem to be contradictory to the promotion and health care offered by these professionals. Given the preference for studying the phenomenon from an objective standpoint, the following purpose arises: show the qualitative implications about students smoking in the area of health. Methodology. Qualitative design microethnographic. A semistructured interview was used. Population: active smokers and college students in the health care area. Snowball sampling technique was used. Results. 45 interviews were conducted in which 5 categories were identified, divided into 19 concepts and 124 attributes. Discussion. The study findings show that the main reasons why college students in the health care area smoke are imitation, curiosity, social acceptance and experimentation under the influence of family, friends and boyfriend; as well as the emotions that smoking produces in them and which have led them to relapsed. Conclusion. With our design we showed an expectation beyond a statistical phenomenon of smoking, taking into account the views and feelings of students, focusing on one aspect of the cultural context of the participants.