Second vs. First generation drug eluting stents in multiple vessel disease and left main stenosis: Two-year follow-up of the observational, prospective, controlled, and multicenter ERACI IV registry.

OBJECTIVE: To compare second generation drug eluting stents (2DES) with first generation (1DES) for the treatment of patients (pts) with multiple coronary vessel disease (MVD). BACKGROUND: Although 2DES improved safety and efficacy compared to 1DES, MVD remains a challenge for percutaneous coronary interventions. METHODS: ERACI IV was a prospective, observational, and controlled study in pts with MVD including left main and treated with 2DES (Firebird 2, Microport). We included 225 pts in 15 sites from Argentina. Primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) defined as death, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and unplanned revascularization; and to compare with 225 pts from ERACI III study (1DES). PCI strategy was planned to treat lesions ≥70% in vessels ≥ 2.00 mm, introducing a modified Syntax score (SS) where severe lesions in vessels < 2.0 mm and intermediate lesions were not scored. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics showed that compared to ERACI III, ERACI IV pts had higher number of diabetics (P = 0.02), previous revascularization (P = 0.007), unstable angina IIb/IIIc (P < 0.001) and three vessels/left main disease (P = 0.003). Modified SS was 22.2 ± 11. At 2 years of follow-up ERACI IV group had significantly lower incidence of death+ MI + CVA, (P = 0.01) and MACCE (P = 0.001). MACCE rate was similar in diabetics, (5.8%) and nondiabetics (7.0%). After performing a matched propensity score, MACCE remain significantly lower in ERACI IV (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This registry showed that 2DES in MVD has a remarkable low incidence of MACCE in unadjusted and adjusted analysis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Polimorfismos plaquetarios (PlA1/A2) y de la óxido nítrico sintetasa (Glu298Asp, -786T>C, 922A/G y el intrónico 420/393) y su relación con la reestenosis intrastent coronario / Platelet (PlA1/A2) and Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms (Glu298Asp, -786T>C, 922A/G and Intron 420/393) and Its Relation with In-Stent Restenosis

Introducción Con la aparición y el desarrollo de los stents liberadores de droga (SLD), los porcentajes de reestenosis han disminuido según lo demuestran distintas series, pero igualmente siguen siendo clínicamente significativos. Factores genéticos contribuyen a ello, por lo que éstos constituyen una de las causas que deben tenerse en cuenta e investigarse a fondo. Se conocen algunos polimorfismos que presentan una bien documentada relación con la reestenosis intrastent, entre ellos el polimorfismo plaquetario y el de la óxido nítrico sintetasa endotelial. Objetivo Demostrar si el polimorfismo plaquetario IIb-IIIa (PlA2) y de la óxido nítrico sintetasa endotelial (eNOS) (Glu298Asp, -786T>C, 922A/G y 420/393) presentan mayor riesgo de reestenosis intrastent posangioplastia coronaria (ATC). Material y métodos La población estuvo compuesta por 92 pacientes con ATC realizada entre 1 y 12 meses previos a la inclusión en el estudio, en los que se efectuó una angiografía por sospecha clínica de reestenosis. Se consideraron casos las reestenosis angiográficas (> 50%) y controles a los pacientes sin reestenosis. Se realizó la prueba de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para cada polimorfismo con enzimas de restricción específicas. Se efectuó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple, que incluyó factores clínicos, angiográficos y genéticos. Resultados Entre los casos y los controles, 41 pacientes con reestenosis y 51 sin reestenosis, respectivamente, la edad, el sexo y los factores de riesgo fueron similares. Se utilizó un 60% de stents liberadores de droga por grupo. Los pacientes con alelo polimórfico PlA2 tuvieron una tasa de reestenosis significativamente mayor que los no portadores (21,9% versus 1,9%, OR 14,1, IC 95% 1,7-116,3; p = 0,002). Algo similar se observó con el polimorfismo 922A/G (41,5% versus 19,6%, OR 2,9, IC 95% 1,2-7,4; p = 0,02). El resto de los polimorfismos (298Asp, 420/393 y 786T-C) mostraron una frecuencia similar de reestenosis en ambos grupos. En el análisis multivariado, el PlA1/A2 fue el único predictor independiente de reestenosis (p = 0,02). Conclusiones Este estudio muestra que el alelo polimórfico PlA2 es un predictor independiente de riesgo de reestenosis intrastent coronario y su detección podría tener implicaciones importantes en la toma de decisiones.

Background The advent and the development of drug eluting stents (DES) have reduced the prevalence of restenosis according to different series; however, its incidence still remains significant. Genetic factors contribute to restenosis and thus should be taken into account and undergo thorough investigation. Some polymorphisms are known to have a relation with in-stent restenosis: platelet polymorphism and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism. Objective To demonstrate if platelet IIb-IIIa (PlA2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms (Glu298Asp, -786T>C, 922A/G and 420/393) present greater risk of in-stent restenosis after coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Material and Methods A coronary angiography was performed in 92 patients who had undergone PTCA in the previous 1 to 12 month, due to suspected restenosis. Patients were divided in two groups: with angiographic restenosis (<50%) (cases) and without restenosis (controls). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for each polymorphism using specific restriction enzymes. Multiple logistic regression analysis included clinical, angiographic and genetic factors. Results Age, gender and risk factors were similar among both groups (cases = 41 patients with restenosis, controls: 51 patients without restenosis). A 60% of drugs eluting stents were implanted in each group. The rate of restenosis in patients with PlA2 polymorphic allele was significantly greater than in non carriers (21.9% versus 1.9%, OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.7-116.3; p=0.002). Patients with variant allele for 922A/G polymorphism showed a similar behavior (41.5% versus 19.6%, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.4; p=0.02). The prevalence of restenosis was similar in both groups in patients with 298Asp, 420/393 and 786T-C polymorphisms. Multivariate analysis revealed that PlA1/A2 was the only predictor of restenosis (p=0.02). Conclusions This study demonstrates that PlA2 polymorphic allele is an independent predictor of in-stent restenosis; its detection might have important clinical implications in decisionmaking.