RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nodal metastases in the central compartment are frequent in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, they are mostly micrometastases with no impact on survival and their relevance on the risk of locoregional relapse is controversial. There is no consensus regarding optimal management of the central neck in patients with PTC cN0. In our center, we do not perform prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND). The objective of this study is to review our long-term results and compare them with the most recent literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) without CND between 2005 and 2017. Primary result was disease-free survival in the neck (DFS). RESULTS: 321 patients were identified, mostly T1-T2 tumors (94.1%). Median follow-up was 90 months. DFS in the central compartment was excellent (96.1% at 10 year's follow-up). 19 patients had cervical recurrence, of which 15 underwent salvage surgery. On their last visit, including salvage surgery when appropriate, 77% of patients had excellent response, 18.7% had indeterminate response, 3.1% had biochemically incomplete response and 1.2% had morphologically incomplete response. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis after TT was transient in 4.7% of patients and permanent in 0.9% of patients. There were no RLN paralysis after salvage surgery. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 3.4% of patients. Only one patient had hypoparathyroidism after salvage surgery and it was permanent. CONCLUSIONS: Based on long-term results and low rate of complications associated with salvage surgery in our experience, we consider routine pCND is not justified.
Assuntos
Esvaziamento Cervical , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Tireoidectomia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia/métodos , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Adulto Jovem , Metástase Linfática , Resultado do Tratamento , Adolescente , Terapia de Salvação , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Papilar/cirurgiaAssuntos
Doença de Hashimoto , Doença Relacionada a Imunoglobulina G4 , Linfoma , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Tireoidite Autoimune , Humanos , Doença Relacionada a Imunoglobulina G4/complicações , Doença Relacionada a Imunoglobulina G4/diagnóstico , Doença de Hashimoto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recurrent tonsillitis might reduce the immunological capability of fighting against the infection of tonsil tissue. Polypodium leucotomos (Anapsos) immunomodulating effect has been subject of research in the last years. The aim of this research is to test the in vitro immunomodulating capacity of Anapsos in a child palatine tonsil explants model. METHODS: Palatine tonsils explants of children undergoing amigdalectomy were stimulated with mononuclear cells obtained from their own blood by density gradient centrifugation. Some were then treated with Anapsos while others rest untreated. Cytokines were measured by ELISA, immune cells activation was measured by flow cytometry and activation of immunoglobulins was appreciated by indirect immunofluorescence in tonsils tissue. RESULTS: Anapsos activates Natural Killers cells. It increases IL-2 and IFN-γ levels by the activation of Th2 lymphocytes, and IL-10, by the Th1 lymphocytes. Anapsos also increases immunoglobulins IgM, IgD and IgG4 by B-lymphocyte activation in tonsils tissue. CONCLUSION: Anapsos has an immunomodulating effect, both in humoral and cellular responses, which might benefit children suffering of recurrent tonsillitis as it could enhance their immune system. This effect might reduce the number of episodes suffered and therefore the number of children undergoing surgery.
Assuntos
Citocinas/metabolismo , Glicosídeos/imunologia , Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Tonsila Palatina/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsilite/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Tonsila Palatina/imunologia , Tonsila Palatina/metabolismo , Polypodium , Tonsilectomia , Tonsilite/imunologia , Tonsilite/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in electrocochleography (EcohG) measurements after intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone therapy and to correlate them with the long-term effects on the control of vertigo. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective outcomes research. METHODS: This study included 62 patients with unilateral Ménière's Disease (MD) refractory to medical therapy for at least 1 year. Each patient was treated with a fixed protocol of three consecutive weekly injections of a commercial 4 mg/mL dexamethasone preparation. The 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria for reporting treatment outcomes for MD were used. Electrocochleography (EcohG) measurements were performed 1 month before and 1 and 12 months after IT steroid therapy. Caloric test and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMPs) were performed before the IT treatment. The summating potential/action potential (SP/AP) ratio was measured before and after the IT treatment. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the control of vertigo over a 2-year period. RESULTS: Complete vertigo control (class A) was achieved in 26 patients (41.9%) at the 12-month follow-up and in 12 patients (19.3%) at the 24-month follow-up. A significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the SP/AP ratio after the IT steroid treatment was observed in the first-month determination, but no significant differences were found when the initial and 12-month determination were compared. CONCLUSIONS: IT dexamethasone provides an alternative treatment for patients with Ménière's Disease. A transitory reduction of the endolymphatic hydrops is detected by the EcohG 1 month after treatment. The hydrops levels returned to their initial values in the 1-year EcohG follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Doença de Meniere/tratamento farmacológico , Audiometria de Resposta Evocada , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Orelha Média , Hidropisia Endolinfática/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Electrocochleography is the registration of an electrophysiological event which takes place in the cochlea after an acoustical stimulus. Most of the authors consider an increased summating potential (SP)/action potential (AP) ratio as characteristic of endolymphatic hydrops. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective study of a unilateral Ménière's population diagnosed according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery classification was carried out. A complete clinical history and bedside examination were performed, in addition to complete auditory and vestibular testing and an extratympanic electrocochleography. We selected 20 normal hearing subjects with no history of vestibular and otological pathology as a control group. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients included in the study, 62 were diagnosed as definite Ménière's disease, and 13 and 25 as probable and possible Ménière's disease, respectively. In the electrocochleography, 85% of all the patients had an SP/AP ratio above 0.5. A sensibility of 92%, 78% and 75% was obtained in the definite, probable and possible Ménière's disease patients respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Electrocochleography is a useful method for diagnosing and evaluating patients with Ménière's disease syndrome. It provides information about the progression of the process and shows a significant correlation with the clinical stage.
Assuntos
Audiometria de Resposta Evocada , Doença de Meniere/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes de Função VestibularRESUMO
Introducción: La electrococleografía (ECoG) es un registro de un episodio electrofisiológico, que tiene lugar en la cóclea tras un estímulo acústico. La mayoría de los autores consideran que un aumento del cociente SP/AP utilizando clicks, es característico del hidrops. Métodos: Presentamos un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo de una población de pacientes con enfermedad de Ménière unilateral definida según los criterios de la Academia Americana de Otorrinolaringología y patología cervicofacial. Tras una correcta anamnesis y exploración otoneurológica completa, todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a un estudio de la función auditiva y vestibular mediante audiometría tonal liminar, pruebas calóricas, rotatorias y una ECoG extratimpánica. Como controles se escogieron 20 sujetos normoacúsicos carentes de antecedentes de afección vestibular u otológica, ni antecedentes quirúrgicos en el oído medio. Resultados: De los 100 pacientes incluidos, 62 fueron diagnosticados de enfermedad de Ménière definida, 13 de probable y 25 de enfermedad de Ménière posible. Un 85% de la población con enfermedad de Ménière, cumplían criterios electrofisiológicos de enfermedad de Ménière según los parámetros de la ECoG (SP/AP>0,5). El porcentaje de ECoG alteradas según el diagnóstico era del 92, 78 y 75% para el Ménière definido, probable y posible respectivamente. Discusión y conclusiones: La ECoG es un método útil para el diagnóstico y evaluación de la enfermedad de Ménière. Aporta información fidedigna del progreso de la enfermedad y existe correlación con su estadio diagnóstico(AU)
Introduction: Electrocochleography is the registration of an electrophysiological event which takes place in the cochlea after an acoustical stimulus. Most of the authors consider an increased summating potential (SP)/action potential (AP) ratio as characteristic of endolymphatic hydrops. Methods: A longitudinal, prospective study of a unilateral Ménière's population diagnosed according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery classification was carried out. A complete clinical history and bedside examination were performed, in addition to complete auditory and vestibular testing and an extratympanic electrocochleography. We selected 20 normal hearing subjects with no history of vestibular and otological pathology as a control group. Results: Of the 100 patients included in the study, 62 were diagnosed as definite Ménière's disease, and 13 and 25 as probable and possible Ménière's disease, respectively. In the electrocochleography, 85% of all the patients had an SP/AP ratio above 0.5. A sensibility of 92%, 78% and 75% was obtained in the definite, probable and possible Ménière's disease patients respectively. Discussion and conclusions: Electrocochleography is a useful method for diagnosing and evaluating patients with Ménière's disease syndrome. It provides information about the progression of the process and shows a significant correlation with the clinical stage(AU)