Improved prediction of electrical storm in patients with prior myocardial infarction and implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

AIMS: To evaluate predictors of electrical storm (ES), including chronic total occlusion in an infarct-related coronary artery (infarct-related artery CTO, IRACTO), in a cohort of patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). METHODS: Multicenter observational cohort study including 643 consecutive patients with prior MI and a first ICD implanted between 2005 and 2018 at three tertiary hospitals. All the patients included in the study had undergone a diagnostic coronary angiography before ICD implantation. The variable prior ventricular arrhythmias (VA+) was positive in patients with secondary prevention ICDs and in those with at least one appropriate ICD therapy after primary prevention implantation. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 42 months 59 patients (9%) suffered ES. The presence of at least one IRACTO not revascularized (IRACTO-NR) was associated with a significantly higher cumulative incidence of ES (14.5% vs 4.8%, p < 0.001). IRACTO-NR maintained a significant association with ES after adjustment for potential confounders (HR 2.3, p = 0.005) and was an independent predictor of ES together with VA+ and LVEF. The best cut-off of LVEF to predict ES was ≤38%. A risk-prediction model based on IRACTO-NR, VA+ and LVEF≤38% identified three categories of ES risk (low, intermediate and high), with progressively increasing cumulative incidence of ES (2.2%, 9% and 20%). CONCLUSION: In a cohort of patients with prior MI and ICD, IRACTO-NR is an independent predictor of ES. A new risk-prediction model allowed the identification of three categories of risk, with potentially important clinical implications.

Antitachycardia pacing for shock prevention in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) carries an increased risk of sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a well-established therapy for treatment of VA. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardias (MVTs) are frequent in HCM patients and suitable for antitachycardia pacing (ATP) termination. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe ventricular tachycardia (VT) characteristics in a population of HCM patients with ICD and to study the effectiveness and safety of ATP for MVT. METHODS: Data were obtained from the multicenter prospective observational UMBRELLA trial, which included all patients with HCM and ICD followed by the CareLink Monitoring System. All episodes of VA were collected and analyzed. ATP effectiveness and safety were described, and factors related to ATP effectiveness were studied with generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. RESULTS: Among 251 patients followed for 47 months, 67 (26.7%) were implanted as secondary prevention. Fifty-six patients presented 326 episodes of VA (286 [87%] MVT). Mean cycle length was 312 ± 64 ms. Among 264 MVTs that received ICD therapy, 202 (76.5%) were ATP terminated. The first ATP burst was effective in 169 episodes (68.4%), and overall effectiveness of the first or second ATP burst was 73.8%. Multivariate GEE-adjusted analysis showed 2 variables related to ATP effectiveness: programming fast VT zone On vs Off (odds ratio [OR] 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-5.2; P = .03) and programming ≥2 ATP bursts vs 1 burst only (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; P = .04; and OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.8-6.3; P = .02; respectively). CONCLUSION: MVT is the predominant VA in HCM patients with ICD. ATP is highly effective in terminating the majority of MVTs, and its proved effectiveness should guide device selection and programming in order to avoid unnecessary high-energy shocks.

Arritmias ventriculares malignas en pacientes con cardiodesfibrilador implantable: signos eléctricos predictoresde recidivas / Malignant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: electrical signals which are predictors of recurrence

Introducción: Existe un número creciente de pacientes con cardiodesfibriladores, lasrecidivas son frecuentes y los choques eléctricos constituyen el principal factor reductor de la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Identificar los predictores electrocardiográficos de recidivas de arritmias ventriculares malignas en estos sujetos. Método: De un universo de 76 pacientes a los que se les había implantado un cardiodesfibrilador automático implantable, se seleccionaron 46 y se confeccionaron dos grupos. El A estuvo constituido por 27 pacientes, con al menos un episodio de arritmias ventriculares malignas tras el implante del dispositivo; y el B, por los 19 sujetos sin recurrencias. Las mediciones (QTc prolongado, dispersión anormal del QT, Tpico-Tfinal y su dispersiónanormal) se promediaron en tres latidos consecutivos en cada derivación, de forma manual, por dos observadores independientes. Resultados: En el grupo A predominó la cardiopatía estructural y la fracción de eyección inferior a 35 por ciento. Estuvieron igualmente representados la fragmentación del complejo QRS, la onda T bimodal y el patrón de repolarización precoz. Hubo diferencias significativas en los valores medios del intervalo QT (428 vs. 390 ms), p=0.004; del QT corregido (476 vs. 436 ms), p=0.011; y del intervalo Tpico-Tfinal (108 vs. 87 ms), p=0.006. No existieron en la dispersión del QT (51 vs. 48 ms), la dispersión del TpicoTfinal (35 vs. 27 ms), ni en la duración del QRS (121 vs. 105 ms). Conclusiones: Los intervalos QT, QTc y Tpico-Tfinal son predictores electrocardiográficos de recidivas de arritmias ventriculares en pacientes con cardiodesfibriladores. Palabras clave: Cardiodesfibrilador implantable, Predictores eléctricos, Recidivas,Arritmias ventriculares malignas(AU)