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1.
BMC Med ; 21(1): 370, 2023 10 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37784145

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Perinatal mental illness affects one third of new and expectant mothers. Individuals from ethnic minority groups experience higher rates of mental health problems and higher suicide rates. Despite this, women from ethnic minorities-Black and South Asian women in particular-are less likely to receive support from mental health services in the perinatal period. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) who have contact with women during this period have a unique perspective, and their views may provide insights to understand and remedy this health inequality. This study aimed to identify healthcare professionals' views on the current accessibility and acceptability of perinatal mental health services, and ways of improving services by addressing the barriers for these women. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-four healthcare professionals who work with patients in the perinatal period. Purposive sampling was used to select HCPs from a range of different professions (including mental health staff, midwifery, primary care, social care). The data were analysed using Framework Analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified from the data: (1) lack of awareness and understanding of perinatal mental illness and service structure in both healthcare professionals and patients; (2) patients' relationships with family, friends and healthcare professionals can both hinder and facilitate access to services; (3) healthcare professionals encourage raising awareness, flexibility, developing shared understandings and questioning assumptions to improve the accessibility and acceptability of services. CONCLUSION: Key insights into explaining and remedying the health inequalities observed between ethnic groups were proposed by healthcare professionals. Recommendations included sharing information; taking steps to ensure each woman was considered as an individual in her relationship with her culture, ethnicity and childrearing practices; and healthcare professionals addressing their possible unconscious biases through engaging in personal reflexive practices. Reasons these are currently not being implemented deserve further research, and the potential of novel roles such as peer support workers in bridging the space between ideals and practice needs further investigation.


Assuntos
Etnicidade , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Grupos Minoritários , Atenção à Saúde
2.
Psychiatr Danub ; 32(Suppl 1): 130-134, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32890375

RESUMO

Mental health problems are over-represented in doctors and medical students. However, stigma and 'a culture of shame' are formidable barriers to mental health services and consequently many doctors and medical students with mental health difficulties continue to suffer in silence despite the availability of effective treatment. Indeed, a recent study on over 2100 female physicians who met the diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder revealed that 50% were reluctant to seek professional help due to fear of exposure to stigma. Left untreated or undertreated, mental health problems in doctors can result in impairment of occupational functioning, compromise patient safety and place considerable strain on the economy (by increasing the amount of sick leave taken). Moreover, the consequences of mental health stigma in the medical profession can be fatal. Dr Daksha Emson, a psychiatrist with bipolar affective disorder, tragically killed herself and her baby daughter during a psychotic episode. An independent inquiry into Dr Emson's death concluded that she was the victim of stigma in the National Health Service. The mental health of medical students and doctors, in all of its aspects, must therefore be addressed with the urgency that it demands. Stephanie Knaak and colleagues conducted a data synthesis of evaluative studies on anti-stigma programmes for healthcare providers and identified six key ingredients one of which was a personal testimony from a trained speaker who has lived experience of mental illness. In this paper we outline a study protocol with the aim of answering the following research question, 'Does attending an anti-stigma programme comprised of a medic with first-hand experience of a mental health condition cause immediate and sustained reductions in mental health stigma from medical students and doctors towards their peers with mental health difficulties?'


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Saúde Mental , Médicos , Estigma Social , Estudantes de Medicina , Feminino , Humanos , Médicos/psicologia , Medicina Estatal , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia
3.
Am J Gastroenterol ; 114(10): 1671-1677, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31478919

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Patient navigation improves colorectal cancer screening among underserved populations, but limited resources preclude widespread adoption in minority-serving institutions. We evaluated whether a patient's self-selected social contact person can effectively facilitate outpatient screening colonoscopy. METHODS: From September 2014 to March 2017 in an urban tertiary center, 399 black participants scheduled for outpatient screening colonoscopy self-selected a social contact person to be a facilitator and provided the person's phone number. Of these, 201 participants (50.4%) were randomly assigned to the intervention arm for their social contact persons to be engaged by phone. The study was explained to the social contact person with details about colonoscopy screening and bowel preparation process. The social contacts were asked to assist the participants, provide support, and encourage compliance with the procedures. The social contact person was not contacted in the usual care arm, n = 198 (49.6%). We evaluated attendance to the scheduled outpatient colonoscopy and adequacy of bowel preparation. Analysis was performed by intention to treat. RESULTS: The social contact person was reached and agreed to be involved for 130 of the 201 participants (64.7%). No differences were found in the proportion of participants who underwent screening colonoscopy (77.3% vs 77.2%; relative risk = 1.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.91-1.12), but there was a modest increase in the proportion with adequate bowel preparation with social contact involvement (89.1% vs 80.9%; relative risk = 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.21). DISCUSSION: Engaging a patient's social network to serve in the role of a patient navigator did not improve compliance to outpatient screening colonoscopy but modestly improved the adequacy of bowel preparation.


Assuntos
Colonoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Rede Social , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Ambulatorial/psicologia , Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Catárticos/administração & dosagem , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes Ambulatoriais/psicologia , Pacientes Ambulatoriais/estatística & dados numéricos , Cooperação do Paciente/psicologia , Navegação de Pacientes/métodos , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 113(30): 8391-6, 2016 07 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27402747

RESUMO

Unconventional oil and gas development has generated intense public concerns about potential impacts to groundwater quality. Specific pathways of contamination have been identified; however, overall rates of contamination remain ambiguous. We used an archive of geochemical data collected from 1988 to 2014 to determine the sources and occurrence of groundwater methane in the Denver-Julesburg Basin of northeastern Colorado. This 60,000-km(2) region has a 60-y-long history of hydraulic fracturing, with horizontal drilling and high-volume hydraulic fracturing beginning in 2010. Of 924 sampled water wells in the basin, dissolved methane was detected in 593 wells at depths of 20-190 m. Based on carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes and gas molecular ratios, most of this methane was microbially generated, likely within shallow coal seams. A total of 42 water wells contained thermogenic stray gas originating from underlying oil and gas producing formations. Inadequate surface casing and leaks in production casing and wellhead seals in older, vertical oil and gas wells were identified as stray gas migration pathways. The rate of oil and gas wellbore failure was estimated as 0.06% of the 54,000 oil and gas wells in the basin (lower estimate) to 0.15% of the 20,700 wells in the area where stray gas contamination occurred (upper estimate) and has remained steady at about two cases per year since 2001. These results show that wellbore barrier failure, not high-volume hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells, is the main cause of thermogenic stray gas migration in this oil- and gas-producing basin.

5.
Environ Sci Technol ; 51(17): 10251-10261, 2017 Sep 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28780853

RESUMO

The rapid expansion of unconventional oil and gas development has raised concerns about the potential contamination of aquifers; however, the groundwater fate and transport of hydraulic fracturing fluid compounds and mixtures remains a significant data gap. Degradation kinetics of five hydraulic fracturing compounds (2-propanol, ethylene glycol, propargyl alcohol, 2-butoxyethanol, and 2-ethylhexanol) in the absence and presence of the biocide glutaraldehyde were investigated under a range of redox conditions using sediment-groundwater microcosms and flow-through columns. Microcosms were used to elucidate biodegradation inhibition at varying glutaraldehyde concentrations. In the absence of glutaraldehyde, half-lives ranged from 13 d to >93 d. Accurate mass spectrometry indicated that a trimer was the dominant aqueous-phase glutaraldehyde species. Microbial inhibition was observed at glutaraldehyde trimer concentrations as low as 5 mg L-1, which demonstrated that the trimer retained some biocidal activity. For most of the compounds, biodegradation rates slowed with increasing glutaraldehyde concentrations. For many of the compounds, degradation was faster in the columns than the microcosms. Four compounds (2-propanol, ethylene glycol, propargyl alcohol, and 2-butoxyethanol) were found to be both mobile and persistent in groundwater under a range of redox conditions. The glutaraldehyde trimer and 2-ethylhexanol were more rapidly degraded, particularly under oxic conditions.


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Glutaral/química , Fraturamento Hidráulico , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Etilenoglicóis , Água Subterrânea
6.
J Neurosci ; 34(31): 10347-60, 2014 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25080595

RESUMO

There is clear evidence that spatial attention increases neural responses to attended stimuli in extrastriate visual areas and, to a lesser degree, in earlier visual areas. Other evidence shows that neurons representing unattended locations can also be suppressed. However, the extent to which enhancement and suppression is observed, their stimulus dependence, and the stages of the visual system at which they are expressed remains poorly understood. Using fMRI we set out to characterize both the task and stimulus dependence of neural responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), primary visual cortex (V1), and visual motion area (V5) in humans to determine where suppressive and facilitatory effects of spatial attention are expressed. Subjects viewed a lateralized drifting grating stimulus, presented at multiple stimulus contrasts, and performed one of three tasks designed to alter the spatial location of their attention. In retinotopic representations of the stimulus location, we observed increasing attention-dependent facilitation and decreasing dependence on stimulus contrast moving up the visual hierarchy from the LGN to V5. However, in the representations of unattended locations of the LGN and V1, we observed suppression, which was not significantly dependent on the attended stimulus contrast. These suppressive effects were also found in the pulvinar, which has been frequently associated with attention. We provide evidence, therefore, for a spatially selective suppressive mechanism that acts at a subcortical level.


Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Inibição Psicológica , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/irrigação sanguínea , Oxigênio/sangue , Estimulação Luminosa , Adulto Jovem
7.
Sr Care Pharm ; 38(1): 21-28, 2023 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36751916

RESUMO

Objective Describe the incidence of delirium and associated outcomes among hospitalized, non-critically ill older people. Design Single-center, retrospective chart review. Setting A 217-bed academic teaching hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Patients People 65 years of age or older, admitted to a general medicine unit between January 1 and August 31, 2021, who were prescribed one or more deliriogenic medications prior to or during admission. Interventions Patient electronic medical records were reviewed for deliriogenic medications prescribed and administered during admission and associated clinical outcomes. Results The percentage of patients who developed delirium was 13% overall. The most implicated deliriogenic medications were benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Seventy-three percent of deliriogenic home medications were continued upon admission. Subgroup analyses of those with delirium had a mean length-of-stay of 20 days compared with 6 days in those who did not develop delirium. Those with delirium tended to have more deliriogenic medications used during admission. Conclusion This review describes the incidence of delirium for non-critically ill older people who were prescribed at least one deliriogenic medication. Of all the deliriogenic agents reviewed, moderate quality clinical evidence supports the association between use and development of delirium except for H2RAs, which have low-quality evidence. Pharmacist-driven efforts to deprescribe deliriogenic medications in at-risk patient populations may be better focused on agents with higher-quality evidence.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Delírio , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Delírio/tratamento farmacológico , Delírio/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Prescrições de Medicamentos
8.
Nephron Clin Pract ; 120(3): c147-55, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22678150

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Data on the prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. This study aimed to examine the above factors in a cohort of predialysis patients. METHODS: During a period of 4 months, we recorded information on blood pressure (BP), comorbidities, medications and related parameters of patients followed up in the Low-Clearance Clinic of our Department. Control rates of hypertension were calculated at two thresholds: <130/80 and <140/90 mm Hg. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to assess factors associated with BP control. RESULTS: In the population studied [n = 238, males 58.4%, age 66.21 ± 4.2 years (mean ± SD), estimated glomerular filtration rate 14.5 ± 4.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2)], the prevalence of hypertension was 95.0%. Treatment rate among hypertensives was at 99.1%. On average, 3.04 ± 1.32 antihypertensive drugs were used, ranging from 1 to 7 agents. BP control rates at the <130/80 and <140/90 mm Hg thresholds were 26.5% and 48.2%, respectively. The systolic goal was achieved in 31.0% and 50.4%, whereas the diastolic goal was achieved in 67.7% and 91.2% of patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only black race was independently and inversely related with hypertension control (ß = -0.187, p = 0.030). No specific antihypertensive class showed independent associations with control. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension is highly prevalent in predialysis CKD patients. An almost universal treatment, employing a multi-agent regime, can help towards improved rates of control. Systolic BP is the main barrier to successful control and black race is associated with poorer control rates.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , População Negra , Pressão Sanguínea , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/etnologia , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêutico
9.
BMC Geriatr ; 12: 65, 2012 Oct 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23095570

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Our research sought to understand how falls risk, cognitive function, and daily function are associated with health related quality of life (using the EuroQol-5D) and quality of life (using the ICECAP-O) among older adults with mobility impairments. METHODS: The EQ-5D and ICECAP-O were administered at 12 months post first clinic attendance at the Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic. We report descriptive statistics for all baseline characteristics collected at first clinic visit and primary outcomes of interest. Using multivariate stepwise linear regression, we assessed the construct validity of the EQ-5D and ICECAP-O using three dependent measures that are recognized indicators of "impaired mobility" - physiological falls risk, general balance and mobility, and cognitive status among older adults. RESULTS: We report data on 215 seniors who attended the Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic and received their first clinic assessment. Patients had a mean age of 79.3 (6.2) years. After accounting for known covariates (i.e., age and sex), the ICECAP-O domains explained a greater amount of variation in each of the three dependent measures compared with the EQ-5D domains. CONCLUSION: Both the EQ-5D and ICECAP-O demonstrate associations with falls risk and general balance and mobility; however, only the ICECAP-O was associated with cognitive status among older adults with mobility impairments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01022866.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Atividades Cotidianas , Cognição/fisiologia , Limitação da Mobilidade , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Atividades Cotidianas/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco
10.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 5270, 2022 03 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35347196

RESUMO

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) is an invasive, herbaceous plant, frequently found in wetlands, creating monoculture stands, resulting in intensive management strategies in central New York, Ontario, and Quebec. The goal of this study was to identify the extent of infestations and to investigate factors that promote the spread of purple loosestrife. We attempted to answer several questions regarding level of infestation, connection to mowing, and influence of culverts. During flowering season in July and August, 2017-2019, we mapped infestations along 150 km (93 miles) of state highway between the Adirondack Park and the St. Lawrence River using the ESRI Collector app. The results of our preliminary analysis revealed significant increase in the number of plants (P < 0.001). In addition, a linear correlation analysis demonstrated a higher loosestrife density with an increase in plant species richness and a decrease in the distance to the closest infestation and wetland (P < 0.001 each). We found no statistical evidence that mowing promotes the spread of loosestrife. As expected, there were more individual infestations in highway ditches, but larger and denser infestations in wetlands (P = 0.003 in 2019). Culverts enable purple loosestrife to spread underneath highways and should be managed to prevent spread.


Assuntos
Lythrum , New York , Reprodução , Estações do Ano , Áreas Alagadas
11.
Am J Clin Pathol ; 157(3): 417-425, 2022 Mar 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34542607

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Histopathologic evaluation of bile biopsies for biliary strictures is frequently challenging and is affected by interobserver disagreement. Reliable ancillary tests that can help differentiate benign from malignant are not available. This study aimed to evaluate whether DNA content abnormalities detected by flow cytometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue can help differentiate benign/reactive, dysplastic from malignant cell populations in bile duct biopsies. METHODS: We performed DNA flow cytometry on 30 FFPE bile duct biopsies in 5 well-defined diagnostic categories: (1) negative for dysplasia (NED), (2) low-grade dysplasia (LGD), (3) high-grade dysplasia (HGD), (4) carcinoma (CA), and (5) indefinite for dysplasia (IND). RESULTS: Abnormal DNA content was detected in 0 NED, 5 LGD (62.5%), 2 HGD (33.3%), 3 CA (60%), and 4 IND (80%) samples. As a diagnostic marker, the estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 63%, 100%, 100%, and 50%, respectively, for diagnosing HGD or CA. CONCLUSIONS: DNA flow cytometry analysis is a useful ancillary test for the interpretation of bile duct biopsies. DNA content abnormalities, when correlated with histologic findings, will not only help confirm the morphologic impression but also identify patients who are at a higher risk of developing malignancy.


Assuntos
Ductos Biliares , Carcinoma , Ductos Biliares/química , Biópsia , DNA/análise , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Inclusão em Parafina
12.
ACS Omega ; 6(44): 30108-30114, 2021 Nov 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34778682

RESUMO

Neopentylene ring fusions (ring-fused 4,4-dimethylcyclopentane polycycles) are found in many natural products, but they are largely absent from synthetic compound libraries and focused medicinal chemistry research. Here is reported a synthetic approach to one of the few non-natural product-based target compounds from medicinal chemistry that includes a neopentylene ring fusion: an analogue of ibuprofen referred to herein as "neoprofen". The approach features ring-opening fragmentation reactions of dimedone derivatives coupled with transition metal-catalyzed benzannulation and hydrocarboxylation methods.

13.
Hum Pathol ; 107: 29-38, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33129823

RESUMO

Intraductal biopsy is commonly used for preoperative evaluation of the etiology of biliary strictures. Interpretation of intraductal biopsies is frequently challenging. The diagnosis often suffers from interobserver disagreement, which has not been studied in the literature. We sought to assess interobserver concordance in the interpretation of intraductal biopsies. Eighty-five biopsies were retrieved, falling into five diagnostic categories: negative for dysplasia (NED), indefinite for dysplasia (IND), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and carcinoma (CA). Eight gastrointestinal pathologists blindly reviewed all the slides. Agreement among pathologists was analyzed using Fleiss κ and weighted concordance coefficient S∗. A face-to-face consensus/training session was held to discuss the classification criteria, followed by a second round review. The overall interobserver agreement was fair in the first round review (κ = 0.39; S∗ = 0.56) and improved to moderate in the second round review (κ = 0.48; S∗ = 0.69). The agreement before and after consensus meeting was substantial to nearly perfect for CA (κ = 0.65, S∗ = 0.83; and κ = 0.80, S∗ = 0.91), fair for HGD (κ = 0.28, S∗ = 0.69; and κ = 0.40, S∗ = 0.63), and moderate for NED (κ = 0.47, S∗ = 0.50; and κ = 0.47, S∗ = 0.53). Agreement improved from fair to moderate for LGD (κ = 0.36, S∗ = 0.61; and κ = 0.49, S∗ = 0.71) and slight to fair for IND (κ = 0.16, S∗ = 0.51; and κ = 0.33, S∗ = 0.50). Compared with Hollande's fixed specimens, the agreement was higher in almost all diagnostic categories in formalin-fixed biopsies. Overall, interobserver concordance was improved after a consensus/training session. Interobserver reproducibility was high at the end of the diagnostic spectrum (CA) but fair to moderate for other diagnostic categories.


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/diagnóstico , Ductos Biliares/patologia , Patologia Clínica , Biópsia , Humanos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Patologistas/educação , Patologia Clínica/educação , Patologia Clínica/normas
14.
Case Rep Orthop ; 2020: 9769076, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32328332

RESUMO

A 33-year-old gravid female from Pakistan presented to the Emergency Department with persistent, intractable low back pain and neuropathic left L5 leg pain, associated with a left foot drop. There was a notable history of weight loss for 1 year. Investigations revealed a large collection in the right posterior paraspinal muscles tracking from a large bony defect in the right half of her sacrum extending into the pelvis. The collection was suggestive of an abscess and underwent US-guided aspiration. Culture, PCR examination, and bone biopsy were culture-negative for tuberculosis (TB). Samples taken from the placenta showed two small granulomata in the chorionic villi only. A multidisciplinary approach commenced with initiation of empirical TB treatment and attempted normal vaginal delivery. An urgent caesarean section for the delivery of the baby was required for failure to proceed. Spinal-pelvic stabilization in two stages was performed for the unstable fracture pattern, followed by pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy rehabilitation. At 12-month follow-up, the patient showed resolving TB and eradication of the paraspinal abscess. There was bony union and stability of the spinal-pelvic reconstruction. Back pain and sciatica can be common in pregnancy. However, this case highlights a rare occurrence of culture-negative extrapulmonary TB leading to an unstable spinal-pelvic fracture requiring a multidisciplinary approach for careful obstetric and orthopaedic treatment with empirical treatment by the infectious disease team and microbiology.

15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32194156

RESUMO

The genera Ophiophagus and Naja comprise part of a clade of snakes referred to as cobras, dangerously venomous front-fanged snakes in the family Elapidae responsible for significant human mortality and morbidity throughout Asia and Africa. We evaluated venom enzyme variation for eleven cobra species and three N. kaouthia populations using SDS-PAGE venom fingerprinting and numerous enzyme assays. Acetylcholinesterase and PLA2 activities were the most variable between species, and PLA2 activity was significantly different between Malaysian and Thailand N. kaouthia populations. Venom metalloproteinase activity was low and significantly different among most species, but levels were identical for N. kaouthia populations; minor variation in venom L-amino acid oxidase and phosphodiesterase activities were seen between cobra species. Naja siamensis venom lacked the α-fibrinogenolytic activity common to other cobra venoms. In addition, venom from N. siamensis had no detectable metalloproteinase activity and exhibited an SDS-PAGE profile with reduced abundance of higher mass proteins. Venom profiles from spitting cobras (N. siamensis, N. pallida, and N. mossambica) exhibited similar reductions in higher mass proteins, suggesting the evolution of venoms of reduced complexity and decreased enzymatic activity among spitting cobras. Generally, the venom proteomes of cobras show highly abundant three-finger toxin diversity, followed by large quantities of PLA2s. However, PLA2 bands and activity were very reduced for N. haje, N. annulifera and N. nivea. Venom compositionalenzy analysis provides insight into the evolution, diversification and distribution of different venom phenotypes that complements venomic data, and this information is critical for the development of effective antivenoms and snakebite treatment.


Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Antivenenos/metabolismo , Venenos Elapídicos/enzimologia , Elapidae/metabolismo , Fosfolipases A2/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , África , Animais , Ásia , Venenos Elapídicos/toxicidade , Elapidae/classificação , Especificidade da Espécie
16.
Pediatr Res ; 65(4): 474-7, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19092716

RESUMO

To recruit and train the next generations of pediatric clinician-scientists, the American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research initiated a program in 1991 to support medical students with interests in research and pediatrics to conduct research at institutions other than their respective medical schools. Since 1991, the American Pediatric Society-Society for Pediatric Research Medical Student Research Program (MSRP) has funded 732 of 2209 applicants from 132 US or Canadian medical schools for 8-12 wk of research under the direction of experienced investigators. PubMed-attributable publications tabulated in 2001 for MSRP applicants through 2000 indicated that participants had published more actively than had nonparticipant applicants. Male nonparticipants exhibited greater publication activities than did female nonparticipants, but female and male participants published equally. Of all MSRP participants between 1991 and 1996, as of 2008, 36% were in pediatrics, and a remarkable 29% were in academic pediatrics.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Escolha da Profissão , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Pediatria/educação , Estudantes de Medicina , Autoria , Bibliometria , Canadá , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Editoração , Sociedades Médicas , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos
18.
JBJS Case Connect ; 9(2): e0284, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31233429

RESUMO

CASE: A 33-year-old woman presented with a six-month history of spontaneous radial nerve palsy and no identified lesion on imaging. She underwent operative exploration where an hourglass deformity was seen and resected. Pathology returned as a rare tumor, a myofibroma. The patient regained full radial nerve function. CONCLUSIONS: A trial of observation is often indicated in the cases of isolated nerve palsy where anatomic lesions have been eliminated. This case highlights that imaging studies can miss a tumor involving nerve and that painless, spontaneous nerve palsy may be a time where early surgical intervention offers a better chance of recovery.


Assuntos
Miofibroma/complicações , Miofibroma/cirurgia , Nervo Radial/cirurgia , Neuropatia Radial/etiologia , Adulto , Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Miofibroma/patologia , Miofibroma/ultraestrutura , Nervo Radial/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervo Radial/fisiopatologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
Environ Sci Process Impacts ; 21(2): 256-268, 2019 Feb 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30318550

RESUMO

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and polypropylene glycols (PPGs) are frequently used in hydraulic fracturing fluids and have been detected in water returning to the surface from hydraulically fractured oil and gas wells in multiple basins. We identified degradation pathways and kinetics for PEGs and PPGs under conditions simulating a spill of produced water to shallow groundwater. Sediment-groundwater microcosm experiments were conducted using four produced water samples from two Denver-Julesburg Basin wells at early and late production. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to identify the formation of mono- and di-carboxylated PEGs and mono-carboxylated PPGs, which are products of PEG and PPG biodegradation, respectively. Under oxic conditions, first-order half-lives were more rapid for PEGs (<0.4-1.1 d) compared to PPGs (2.5-14 d). PEG and PPG degradation corresponded to increased relative abundance of primary alcohol dehydrogenase genes predicted from metagenome analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Further degradation was not observed under anoxic conditions. Our results provide insight into the differences between the degradation rates and pathways of PEGs and PPGs, which may be utilized to better characterize shallow groundwater contamination following a release of produced water.


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Água Subterrânea/química , Água Subterrânea/microbiologia , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Polímeros/química , Propilenoglicóis/química , Microbiologia da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Fraturamento Hidráulico , Metagenoma , Campos de Petróleo e Gás , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Águas Residuárias/química
20.
BMJ Open ; 8(12): e020576, 2018 12 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30518579

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a geriatrician-led evidence-based Falls Prevention Clinic to older adults with a history of falls. DESIGN: 12-month prospective cohort study. SETTING: Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (www.fallsclinic.ca). PARTICIPANTS: 188 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥70 years who received a baseline assessment at the Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic due to having had at least one fall resulting in medical attention in the previous 12 months. Fifty-six per cent of participants were also participating in a randomised controlled trial. MEASUREMENTS: Feasibility was ascertained by measuring demand (clinic attendance). Acceptability was measured by compliance with recommendations, completion of monthly fall calendars and patient experience. RESULTS: The attendance was 65% of those eligible and invited. This indicates feasibility for demand. 155 received at least one of the following clinical management recommendations from four domains (compliance reported in %): (1) medication changes (78%); (2) exercise prescription (58%); (3) referrals to other healthcare professionals (78%); and/or (4) lifestyle modifications (35%) excluding exercise. Overall compliance to all recommendations was 69%. Patient experience was related to factors impacting patient perceived physical benefit and attributes influencing patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of a multifactorial intervention approach based on best available evidence-based medicine.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Participação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colúmbia Britânica , Estudos de Coortes , Exercício Físico , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Geriatras , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Reconciliação de Medicamentos , Satisfação do Paciente , Encaminhamento e Consulta
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