Prognostic value of MACC1 and proficient mismatch repair status for recurrence risk prediction in stage II colon cancer patients: the BIOGRID studies.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the novel MACC1 gene to further stratify stage II colon cancer patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four cohorts with 596 patients were analyzed: Charité 1 discovery cohort was assayed for MACC1 mRNA expression and MMR in cryo-preserved tumors. Charité 2 comparison cohort was used to translate MACC1 qRT-PCR analyses to FFPE samples. In the BIOGRID 1 training cohort MACC1 mRNA levels were related to MACC1 protein levels from immunohistochemistry in FFPE sections; also analyzed for MMR. Chemotherapy-naïve pMMR patients were stratified by MACC1 mRNA and protein expression to establish risk groups based on recurrence-free survival (RFS). Risk stratification from BIOGRID 1 was confirmed in the BIOGRID 2 validation cohort. Pooled BIOGRID datasets produced a best effect-size estimate. RESULTS: In BIOGRID 1, using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for MACC1 detection, pMMR/MACC1-low patients had a lower recurrence probability versus pMMR/MACC1-high patients (5-year RFS of 92% and 67% versus 100% and 68%, respectively). In BIOGRID 2, longer RFS was confirmed for pMMR/MACC1-low versus pMMR/MACC1-high patients (5-year RFS of 100% versus 90%, respectively). In the pooled dataset, 6.5% of patients were pMMR/MACC1-low with no disease recurrence, resulting in a 17% higher 5-year RFS [95% confidence interval (CI) (12.6%-21.3%)] versus pMMR/MACC1-high patients (P = 0.037). Outcomes were similar for pMMR/MACC1-low and deficient MMR (dMMR) patients (5-year RFS of 100% and 96%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: MACC1 expression stratifies colon cancer patients with unfavorable pMMR status. Stage II colon cancer patients with pMMR/MACC1-low tumors have a similar favorable prognosis to those with dMMR with potential implications for the role of adjuvant therapy.

Molecular signature of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of patients with CML in chronic phase.

In this study, we provide a molecular signature of highly enriched CD34+ cells from bone marrow of untreated patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase in comparison with normal CD34+ cells using microarrays covering 8746 genes. Expression data reflected several BCR-ABL-induced effects in primary CML progenitors, such as transcriptional activation of the classical mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT pathway as well as downregulation of the proapoptotic gene IRF8. Moreover, novel transcriptional changes in comparison with normal CD34+ cells were identified. These include upregulation of genes involved in the transforming growth factorbeta pathway, fetal hemoglobin genes, leptin receptor, sorcin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, the neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 and downregulation of selenoprotein P. Additionally, genes associated with early hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and leukemogenesis such as HoxA9 and MEIS1 were transcriptionally activated. Differential expression of differentiation-associated genes suggested an altered composition of the CD34+ cell population in CML. This was confirmed by subset analyses of chronic phase CML CD34+ cells showing an increase of the proportion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors, whereas the proportion of HSC and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors was decreased in CML. In conclusion, our results give novel insights into the biology of CML and could provide the basis for identification of new therapeutic targets.

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib acts differently in combination with p53 gene transfer or cytotoxic chemotherapy on NSCLC cells.

In this report, the effects of a combined treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and either a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV-2)-mediated p53 gene transfer or chemotherapeutic agents, docetaxel and pemetrexed, were tested on p53 positive and p53negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The combination of bortezomib and rAAV-p53 led to a significant synergistic inhibition of cell growth between 62-82% depending on the p53 status of the cell line and drug concentration. Surviving cells of the combined treatment showed a significant reduced ability to form colonies. Enhanced cell toxicity was associated with a 5.3-14.4-fold increase of the apoptotic rate and intracellular p53 level up to 50.4% following vector-mediated p53 restoration and bortezomib treatment. In contrast, an antagonistic effect on tumor cell growth and colony formation was observed for the combination of bortezomib and docetaxel or pemetrexed as a reduction of cell growth between 31 and 48% was found in comparison to 50% using the single agents. Lower cytotoxic effects were associated with significantly reduced apoptosis and an increase of clonogenic growth. The observed antagonistic effects between bortezomib and docetaxel or pemetrexed might influence clinical trials using these compounds. Conversely, p53 restoration and bortezomib treatment led to enhanced, synergistic tumor cell toxicity.

Successful transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by chemotherapy and a single dose of pegylated G-CSF in patients with multiple myeloma.

Following induction therapy and 4 g/m(2) cyclophosphamide, a single dose of 12 mg polyethyleneglycol-conjugated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim; n=12) or daily doses of unconjugated G-CSF (8.5 mug/kg/day) (n=12) were administered to myeloma patients. Pegfilgrastim was associated with an earlier leukocyte recovery (12 vs 14 days) and peripheral blood CD34+ cell peak (12 vs 15 days). The peripheral blood CD34+ cell peak was lower in the pegfilgrastim group (78 vs 111/mul). Following high-dose melphalan (200 mg/m(2)) and autografting, leukocyte and platelet reconstitution was similar in both groups and stable blood counts were observed 100 days post transplant. In summary, a single dose of pegfilgrastim after chemotherapy is capable of mobilizing a sufficient number of CD34+ cells for successful autografting with early engraftment and sustained hematological reconstitution in patients with myeloma. These data provide the basis for randomized studies evaluating the optimal dose and time of pegfilgrastim as well as long-term outcome in larger cohorts of patients.

[Early pain reduction in the treatment of spasticity after a single injection of botulinum A toxin]. / Frühe Schmerzreduktion in der Therapie von Spastik nach einmaliger Botulinustoxin-A-Injektion.

UNLABELLED: HISTORY, ADMISSION FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: After stem-cell transplantation a 45-year-old woman (case 1) had an attack of general hypoxia requiring resuscitation. She then developed a quadriplegia and spasticity of all limbs notably of the right arm and a severe pain syndrome which had to be treated by oral and intravenous analgesics. Immobilisation and secondary complications aggravated the already difficult situation. In the 2nd case a 66-year-old woman was admitted to our outpatient clinic with long-standing left-sided spastic hemiparesis after territorial infarction of the right middle cerebral artery. Beside the spasticity she also suffered from a distinct pain syndrome which did not respond to any oral analgesics. TREATMENT AND COURSE: For the treatment of the main symptoms, both patients received intramuscular injections of 1000 MU botulinum toxin A (Dysport(R) Ipsen Pharma). Astonishingly, both patients experienced pain relief the next day, whereas spasticity started to respond only 5-6 days later. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience pain relief after botulinum toxin A injections occurs not only due to reduced muscle hyperactivity, especially when such a temporal dissociation between pain relief and muscle relaxation appears as in the two cases reported above. Rather, we believe that botulinum toxin A interferes with the release of other neurotransmitters e. g. substance P (SP) and calcitonine-gene-related-peptide (CGRP) having a key function in the nociceptive cascade.

[Significance of differential nuclear expression of Ki-67 in adult soft tissue sarcomas]. / Zur Bedeutung der differentiellen nukleären Ki-67 Expression in Weichgewebssarkomen Erwachsener.

As many other nuclear markers, e.g. steroid receptors, Ki-67 epitopes are differentially expressed in tumour cell nuclei. It is unclear whether this phenomenon represents tumour cell heterogeneity, different stages of the cell-cycle or a biological phenomenon with prognostic impact. We analysed 104 primary adult soft tissue sarcomas (ASTS), formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, by APAAP and LSAB immunohistochemistry, epitope retrieval technique and 2 anti-Ki-67 antibodies (MIB-1 and Ki-S-5). Expression was evaluated by 4 indexes/1000 tumour cells: a) A-index: sum of all (weak, moderate and strong stained) Ki-67-nuclei, b) the weighed R-index: sum of all strong stained Ki-67+ nuclei x3, moderate stained nuclei x2 and weak stained nuclei x1, c) ID1-index: sum of all strong stained Ki-67+ nuclei, and d) ID2-index: sum of all strong and moderate stained Ki-67+ nuclei. Prognostic impact was analysed by Kaplan-Meier and logrank statistics with respect to overall survival. Quantitative Ki-67 expression did not vary significantly if determined by MIB-1 or Ki-S-5. The A-index turned out to be the strongest prognostic parameter within the whole group of ASTS as well as within each single sarcoma type investigated. Significant (p < 0.05) correlations between A-index and overall survival existed in LMS, LPS, MFH, SS, while a trend to significance (p = 0.06) was observed in MPNST. Quantitative evaluation of all three differential expression levels is necessary to obtain the most comprehensive prognostic informations of proliferation markers in ASTS.