Fear of COVID-19 associated with burnout syndrome in dentists of the Health Directorate of the National Police of Peru: a cross-sectional study at national level under multivariable regression model.

BACKGROUND: During the pandemic, many police dentists had the crucial responsibility of ensuring law and order while providing dental care by taking government-approved health measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the fear of COVID-19 and Burnout syndrome in Peruvian dentists belonging to the Health Department of the National Police of Peru (PNP), taking into account possible confounding variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional and analytical study included 182 PNP dentists. The Fear COVID-19 Scale assessed fear of COVID-19 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Test assessed burnout syndrome. The association between the fear of COVID-19 and Burnout syndrome (self-fulfilment) was analyzed using Spearman's Rho. A multivariable Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimation method was employed to evaluate the impact of fear of COVID-19 on the various dimensions of Burnout syndrome, considering possible confounding variables. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Under bivariate analysis, fear of COVID-19 was significantly linked with low direct intensity toward emotional exhaustion (Rho = 0.325, p < 0.001), very low direct intensity toward depersonalization (Rho = 0.180, p = 0.015), and very low inverse intensity toward self-fulfilment (Rho =-0.186, p = 0.012). Under multivariable analysis, it was observed that dentists who exhibited fear of COVID-19 were 3.4 and 3.7 times more likely to experience emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively (APR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.74-6.63 and APR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.31-10.37), as compared to those who did not display fear of COVID-19. Moreover, none of the potential confounding factors were found to have a significant impact on emotional exhaustion (p > 0.05), depersonalization (p > 0.05), and self-fulfilment (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and inversely associated with self-fulfilment. PNP dentists who exhibited fear of COVID-19 were at greater risk for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In developing Burnout syndrome, no significant impact was observed from factors such as age, gender, marital status, children, hierarchy, years of service, work area, private practice, work over 40 h per week, type of service, work performed, sport practice and daily exercise time.

Sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and attitudes of Peruvian dental interns about dental shade selection.

BACKGROUND: The dentist should have a thorough knowledge of the science, protocols and procedures for dental shade selection in order to mimic dental tissue with restorative materials, respecting the individual needs and attitudes of each patient and providing them with a pleasant and esthetically acceptable appearance. The present study evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of dental interns from two Peruvian universities about dental shade selection and its relationship with sociodemographic factors. METHODS: The present cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out on Peruvian dental interns from the Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal and the Universidad Privada de San Juan Bautista during May to June 2022. Two validated questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes about dental shade selection were used. A Poisson regression model with robust variance using the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) was used to assess the influence of the variables: age group, sex, place of origin and type of university, considering a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that 40.8% (95% CI: 34.0% - 47.6%) of the interns presented unfavorable attitudes while 90.1% (95% CI: 86.0% - 94.2%) presented insufficient knowledge. It was also found that dental interns under 29 years of age were 32% less likely to have unfavorable attitudes (APR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.48 - 0.96) and 11% more likely to have insufficient knowledge (APR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.24) about tooth shade selection compared to dental interns aged 29 years and older. Finally, women were 55% more likely to have unfavorable attitudes about tooth shade selection compared to men (APR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.22). CONCLUSION: The majority of dental interns presented insufficient knowledge and less than half had unfavorable attitudes about dental shade selection. In addition, being a student under 29 years of age was a risk factor for presenting insufficient knowledge and at the same time constituted a protective factor for presenting unfavorable attitudes. Likewise, being a female student was a risk factor for presenting unfavorable attitudes about dental shade selection.

A 32-year global analyses on dynamic trends and geospatial visualization of genital tuberculosis and female infertility: A scientometric study.

Introduction: Genital tuberculosis (GT) is an infection that can affect the female reproductive system, including the uterus, cervix, and ovaries. Objective: To perform a scientometric exploration to analyze the spatiotemporal trend, evolution, and emerging patterns of scholarly output on GT and female infertility. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study employing a scientometric methodology was carried out. Metadata from scholarly articles spanning the years 1990-2022 were extracted from the Web of Science. The metadata from the chosen articles, totaling 172 manuscripts, were exported on May 17, 2023, in plain text format, which will allow the analysis and integration of the data in the software used. Results: We found at 111 sources and found 172 documents on tuberculosis and female infertility. We observed an average annual growth rate of 7.46 %, and the average age of the documents was 10.4 years. The dual overlay map showed the distribution of scientific publications on tuberculosis and female infertility. Journals on the left side of the map are cited mainly in the journals on the right. We found that Clinical Infectious Diseases and Lancet journals condensed patterns and trends in 1995, while the Indian Journal of Tuberculosis did so in 1996. Dheda K., Joubert JJ., and Wang Y. were the authors who had India, Iran, and China as their main affiliation, respectively, and they mainly published their studies in the "American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine" and "Tropical Doctor," among others. Conclusions: This bibliometric study examined different sources and found an average annual growth rate of 7.46 %. Each article received an average of 16.48 citations. Different collaborative networks between countries were observed. In addition, there was a steady growth in published research in the field of tuberculosis and female infertility.

Restoring soil biodiversity.

Soil health is crucial for all terrestrial life, supporting, among other processes, food production, water purification and carbon sequestration. Soil biodiversity - the variety of life within soils - is key to these processes and thus key to soil restoration. Human activities that degrade ecosystems threaten soil biodiversity and associated ecosystem processes. Indeed, 75% of the world's soils are affected by degradation - a figure that could rise to 90% by 2050 if deforestation, overgrazing, urbanisation and other harmful practices persist. Restoring soil biodiversity is a prerequisite for planetary health, and it comes with many challenges and opportunities. Soil directly supports around 60% of all species on Earth, and land degradation poses a major problem for this biodiversity and the ecosystem services that sustain human populations. Indeed, 98% of human calories come from soil, and earthworms alone underpin 6.5% of the world's grain production. Moreover, the total carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is around 3,170 gigatons (1 gigaton (Gt) = 1 billion metric tons), of which approximately 80% (2,500 Gt) is found in soil. Therefore, restoring soil biodiversity is not just a human need but an ecological and Earth-system imperative. It is pivotal for maintaining ecosystem resilience, sustaining agricultural productivity and mitigating climate change impacts.

Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene: A Machine Learning Approach.

The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process is widely used in the industry to eliminate sulfur compounds from fuels. However, removing dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives is a challenge. Here, the key aspects that affect the efficiency of catalysts in the HDS of DBT were investigated using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The conversion of DBT and selectivity was estimated by applying Lasso, Ridge, and Random Forest regression techniques. For the estimation of conversion of DBT, Random Forest and Lasso offer adequate predictions. At the same time, regularized regressions have similar outcomes, which are suitable for selectivity estimations. According to the regression coefficient, the structural parameters are essential predictors for selectivity, highlighting the pore size, and slab length. These properties can connect with aspects like the availability of active sites. The insights gained through ML techniques about the HDS catalysts agree with the interpretations of previous experimental reports.

Factors associated with dental interns and professors perception of the management of disabled patients: A cross-sectional study under multivariable analysis.

Background: Patients with disabilities experience oral health inequalities, including increased disease prevalence and unmet healthcare needs. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated to the perceived management of patients with physical disabilities among dental interns and professors at a university located in the capital city and a branch in a province in Peru. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study included 100 dental interns and 75 Peruvian dental professors and was conducted from January to April 2022. A validated perception scale was used to evaluate the management of disabled patients. For the statistical analysis, the study employed Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, along with a Poisson regression model that used robust variance. The adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) was utilized to evaluate perception while taking into account factors such as gender, age, marital status, origin, professional experience, previous treatment of a patient with physical disability, and previous cohabitation with a disabled patient. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The 86 % of dental interns and 88 % of dental professors had a poor perception of managing disabled patients, with no significant association between them (p = 0.698). Male and female dental interns displayed significant differences in perception (p = 0.004), while no other variables showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Conversely, dental professors displayed significant differences in all variables analyzed (p < 0.05). In dental interns, gender was found to be the only influential variable, with females having a 41 % higher likelihood of perceiving disabled patient management poorly compared to males (APR = 1.41; 95 % CI: 1.04-1.91) (p = 0.028). However, gender was not found to be a significant factor for dental professors (p = 0.449). Conclusion: The majority of dental interns and professors had a poor perception of managing disabled patients, with no significant differences observed between them. Moreover, gender significantly influenced the perception of managing patients with physical disabilities among dental interns specifically. On the other hand, neither age, marital status, origin, professional experience, previous treatment of a patient with physical disability, nor previous cohabitation with a disabled patient were found to be associated factors among dental interns and professors.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with increasing incidence and mortality in Latin America. CRC screening programs can reduce disease burden, but information on screening programs in Latin America is limited. Objective: To describe characteristics (eg, type of program, uptake, neoplastic yield) of CRC screening programs in Latin America. Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, LILACS, and SciELO were searched from inception to February 2023. Relevant references from bibliographies, conference proceedings, and gray literature were considered. The search strategy included English, Spanish, and Portuguese terms. Study Selection: Included were studies of CRC screening programs in Latin America using fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or colonoscopy as the primary screening method. Four reviewers independently assessed study eligibility based on titles, with review of abstracts and full texts as needed. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed for data abstraction and quality assessment. Descriptive information was extracted, and data were pooled using a random-effects model. Main outcomes and Measures: Program performance indicators included rates of participation and FIT positivity, adenoma detection rate (ADR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), CRC detection rate, and colonoscopy quality indicators. Results: There were 17 studies included from upper middle-income and high-income countries in Latin America with a total of 123 929 participants. Thirteen studies used FIT as the initial screening method, whereas 4 used screening colonoscopy. The participation rate in FIT-based programs was 85.8% (95% CI, 78.5%-91.4%). FIT positivity rates were 15.2% (95% CI, 9.6%-21.8%) for the 50-ng/mL threshold and 9.7% (95% CI, 6.8%-13.0%) for the 100-ng/mL threshold. For FIT-based studies, the pooled ADR was 39.0% (95% CI, 29.3%-49.2%) and CRC detection rate was 4.9% (95% CI, 2.6%-7.9%); for screening colonoscopy-based studies, the pooled ADR was 19.9% (95% CI, 15.5%-24.8%) and CRC detection rate was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.8%). Conclusions and Relevance: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that CRC screening in upper middle-income countries in Latin America is feasible, detecting rates of neoplasia comparable with those of high-income regions. Population-based screening programs should be developed or enhanced in these settings. There is a knowledge gap regarding feasibility and yield of screening programs in lower middle-income countries.

Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Satisfaction Level of Peruvian Dental Students with Virtual Classes During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Bicentric Study.

Background: The pandemic caused by Covid-19 impacted all areas of social, economic and educational activity. When there is a high risk of spreading highly infectious diseases, education is usually the first service to be suspended. The objective was to evaluate the sociodemographic factors associated with the satisfaction level of Peruvian dental students with virtual classes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, analytical study evaluated 237 dental students from the capital city and one Peruvian province using a validated 13-item questionnaire to measure the level of satisfaction with virtual classes. Pearson's chi-square test and a logit model were used to evaluate the associated factors such as age group, sex, marital status, monthly family income, area of residence, place of origin, occupation and computer use, considering a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Of all students, 50.6%, 40.1% and 9.3% presented a good, average and poor level of satisfaction, respectively, with the virtual classes received. In addition, those with a monthly family income of less than 500 US dollars were 3.15 times more likely to have poor satisfaction compared to those with a monthly family income of more than 1000 US dollars (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.23-8.05). The rest of the variables evaluated were not considered influential factors in the levels of satisfaction with the virtual classes received. Conclusión: Of all students, 50.6% and 9.3% reported good and poor satisfaction with virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Monthly family income of less than 500 US dollars was an influential factor. In addition, the variables age group, sex, marital status, area of residence, place of origin, occupation and computer use were not found to be influential factors.

Practical applications of soil microbiota to improve ecosystem restoration: current knowledge and future directions.

Soil microbiota are important components of healthy ecosystems. Greater consideration of soil microbiota in the restoration of biodiverse, functional, and resilient ecosystems is required to address the twin global crises of biodiversity decline and climate change. In this review, we discuss available and emerging practical applications of soil microbiota into (i) restoration planning, (ii) direct interventions for shaping soil biodiversity, and (iii) strategies for monitoring and predicting restoration trajectories. We show how better planning of restoration activities to account for soil microbiota can help improve progress towards restoration targets. We show how planning to embed soil microbiota experiments into restoration projects will permit a more rigorous assessment of the effectiveness of different restoration methods, especially when complemented by statistical modelling approaches that capitalise on existing data sets to improve causal understandings and prioritise research strategies where appropriate. In addition to recovering belowground microbiota, restoration strategies that include soil microbiota can improve the resilience of whole ecosystems. Fundamentally, restoration planning should identify appropriate reference target ecosystem attributes and - from the perspective of soil microbiota - comprehensibly consider potential physical, chemical and biological influences on recovery. We identify that inoculating ecologically appropriate soil microbiota into degraded environments can support a range of restoration interventions (e.g. targeted, broad-spectrum and cultured inoculations) with promising results. Such inoculations however are currently underutilised and knowledge gaps persist surrounding successful establishment in light of community dynamics, including priority effects and community coalescence. We show how the ecological trajectories of restoration sites can be assessed by characterising microbial diversity, composition, and functions in the soil. Ultimately, we highlight practical ways to apply the soil microbiota toolbox across the planning, intervention, and monitoring stages of ecosystem restoration and address persistent open questions at each stage. With continued collaborations between researchers and practitioners to address knowledge gaps, these approaches can improve current restoration practices and ecological outcomes.

Impact of Fear of COVID-19, Depression, Anxiety and Stress on Temporomandibular Disorders in Peruvian Dental Students in the Post-Pandemic Period: A Multivariable Regression Analysis.

Background: Dentists, who frequently encounter potentially infected patients, have experienced significant changes worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety and stress on the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), taking into account possible confounding variables, in Peruvian dental students during the post-pandemic period. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study assessed 607 Peruvian dental students from two regions of Peru. The study utilized the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the Short Form of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (SFAI). Possible confounding variables were sex, age, year of study, marital status, place of origin, area of residence, history of mental illness and living with people vulnerable to COVID-19. For the multivariable analysis, we utilized a Poisson regression model with an adjusted robust variance. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The rates of depression, anxiety, stress, fear of COVID-19 and temporomandibular disorders were 47.0%, 50.4%, 35.9%, 30.6% and 54.2%, respectively. Moreover, the study revealed that students with depression and anxiety were 38% and 75% more likely to have temporomandibular disorders compared to those without depression (APR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15-1.66) and anxiety (APR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.44-2.13), respectively. Similarly, the likelihood of presenting temporomandibular disorders was 55% higher in women than in men (APR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.28-1.87). Furthermore, we found that stress and fear of COVID-19 did not determine the development of temporomandibular disorders (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Almost half of the dental students experienced depression, anxiety and TMD in the post-pandemic period. In addition, depression and anxiety were influential factors in the occurrence of TMDs, with the female gender being a risk factor. However, factors such as fear of COVID-19, stress, age, year of study, marital status, place of origin, area of residence, history of mental illness or living with people vulnerable to COVID-19 were not significant.

Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en personal militar del Instituto Geográfico Nacional del Perú / Prevalence of burnout syndrome in military personnel at the National Geographic Institute of Peru

Objetivo: Investigar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout e identificar los principales factores asociados a este. Metodología: Se aplicó el instrumento de Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), empleando una versión validada en español; previamente el instrumento COPE-28. Resultados: Los resultados determinaron que la asociación entre la edad y el agotamiento emocional es (0,231) para menores de 40 años; mientras para mayores de 40 años es de (0,751); edad y percepción del estrés (0,205) en menores de 40 años y (0,858) en mayores de 40 años; edad y despersonalización son de (0,244) y (0,757), para menores y mayores de 40 años respectivamente; grado y agotamiento emocional fue de (0,151) para oficiales y (0,720) en (supervisores, técnicos y suboficiales) y entre el grado y percepción del estrés fue (0,832) para oficiales y (0,110) en (supervisores, técnicos y suboficiales). Conclusión: El modelo de estudio observacional-analítico aplicado en militares de la Región Lima Metropolitana no fue satisfactorio, en sinergia por las jornadas de trabajo y altos niveles de responsabilidad profesional en el contexto del COVID-19, que interfieren en la relación de los militares y las comunidades. (AU)

The study aimed was to investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome and to identify the main factors associated with it. Methodology: The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) instrument was applied, using a validated version in Spanish; previously the COPE-28 instrument. Results: The results determined that the association between age and emotional exhaustion is (0.231) for those under 40 years of age; while for those over 40 years of age it is (0.751); age and stress perception (0.205) for those under 40 years of age and (0.858) for those over 40 years of age; age and depersonalization are (0.244) and (0.757) for under and over 40 years respectively; grade and emotional exhaustion were (0.151) for officers and (0.720) for supervisors, technicians, and NCOs; between grade and perception of stress was (0.832) for officers and (0.110) for supervisors, technicians, and NCOs. Conclusion: The observational-analytical study model applied in the military of the Lima Metropolitana Region was not satisfactory, in synergy with the working hours and high levels of professional responsibility in the context of COVID-19, which interfere in the relationship between the military and the communities. (AU)

Signo de la copa de vino: A propósito de un caso con esclerosis lateral primaria y demencia frontotemporal / Wine glass sign in a patient with primary lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: a case report

La esclerosis lateral primaria es muy poco frecuente, representa 2-4 % del grupo de enfermedades de motoneurona. Se caracteriza por espasticidad corticoespinal y síndrome pseudobulbar. La resonancia magnética nuclear muestra lesiones hiperintensas de secuencias potenciadas en T2; cuando el compromiso es bilateral, la imagen da la apariencia de copa de vino . Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 56 años de edad, con un cuadro clínico de dos años de evolución, caracterizado por desinhibición, apatía, y conducta social inapropiada. La evolución clínica mostró criterios diagnósticos de esclerosis lateral primaria y de demencia frontotemporal. La resonancia magnética de encéfalo, protocolo T2, corte coronal reveló el compromiso bilateral de los haces cortico-espinales desde el centro semioval hasta las pirámides bulbares semejando la imagen en copa de vino . Aunque infrecuente, el caso muestra la posible asociación de Esclerosis Lateral Primaria (ELP) con demencia frontotemporal; la imagen en copa de vino puede estar presente en enfermedad de motoneurona y, cuando particularmente asociada a ELP, puede ser de gran ayuda en el diagnostico diferencial con otras entidades crónicas de curso clínico similar.

Primary lateral sclerosis is a very uncommon progressive disease and represents 2-4% of motor neuron diseases group. It is characterized by cortico-spinal spasticity and pseudo bulbar syndrome. Magnetic resonance shows white matter hyperintensities in T2 weight sequence. When the impairment is symmetrical, the image takes the appearance of a wine glass . Clinical case: A 56-year-old male patient with a clinical picture of 2-years duration characterized by disinhibition, apathy, and inappropriate social behavior. The clinical evolution met the diagnostic criteria of primary lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging in coronal T2 weighted sequences, showed symmetrical impairment of corticospinal pathway from the semiovale centrum to the medullary pyramids showing the wine glass appearance. Although infrequent, the case shows the possible association of Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) with frontotemporal dementia; the wine glass image in magnetic resonance may be present in motor neuron disease, when particularly associated with PLS may be of great help in the differential diagnosis with other chronic entities of similar clinical course.

Congestión venosa en tronco encefálico debido a una fístula carótido-cavernosa directa: a propósito de un caso / Brainstem venous congestion due to a direct carotid-cavernous fistula: Case report

Paciente varón de 50 años quien tras 3 meses de un traumatismo encefalocraneano presenta proptosis, quemosis y exoftalmos en el ojo izquierdo. Posteriormente desarrolla dismetría en las extremidades izquierdas y hemiparesia derecha. Se establece el diagnóstico de fístula carótido-cavernosa (FCC) asociado a hiperintensidad de señal en FLAIR y captación difusa de contraste al nivel de la protuberancia y pedúnculo cerebeloso, de aspecto pseudotumoral. Dicho hallazgo fue compatible con congestión venosa. Sus síntomas fueron fluctuantes; comenzó con síntomas orbitarios y luego de territorio posterior con mejoría de los síntomas orbitarios. La embolización con microcoils de la FCC produjo la resolución de los síntomas oculares seguido por mejoría de los síntomas de tronco encefálico. Los hallazgos en resonancia magnética revirtieron considerablemente al año de seguimiento. Describimos un caso de FCC directa con congestión venosa en el tronco encefálico y síntomas fluctuantes con una considerable mejoría clínica e imagenológica después del tratamiento

A 50-year-old male patient who, after 3 months of cranial brain trauma, presented proptosis, chemosis and exophthalmos in the left eye. Subsequently, dysmetria develops in the left extremities and right hemiparesis. The diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistula (FCC) associated with hyperintensity of signal in FLAIR and diffuse contrast uptake at the level of the pseudo tumoral protuberance and cerebellar peduncle was established. This finding was compatible with venous congestion. His symptoms were fluctuating, he started with orbital symptoms and then from the posterior fossa with improvement of the orbital symptoms. FCC microcoil embolization produced resolution of ocular symptoms followed by improvement of brainstem symptoms. Magnetic resonance findings significantly reversed one year of follow-up. We describe a case of direct FCC with venous congestion in the brainstem and fluctuating symptoms with a considerable clinical and imaging improvement after treatment

Síndrome del "hombre dentro de un barril". Reporte de un caso / Man in the barrel syndrome. Case report

Introducción: La diplejía braquial bilateral a predominio proximal conocida como síndrome del "hombre dentro de un barril" tiene múltiples causas, entre ellas las post infecciosas, vasculares y neurodegenerativas. Caso clínico: Varón de 75 años que dos semanas antes de su ingreso al servicio presento en forma brusca sensación de "electricidad" y severa dificultad para movilizar miembros superiores. Examen físico: Fuerza muscular bíceps derecho 1 +/5, izquierdo 1-/5, tríceps derecho 2-/5, izquierdo 2+/5, arreflexia bicipital y tricipital, e hipotrofia supra e infra escapular bilateral. Exámenes auxiliares: anticuerpos Ig G anti-CMV en suero: reactivo > 500UI/ml, anticuerpos Ig G anti-Herpes 1 en suero: reactivo I 53U/ml, electromiografía evidencio signos de compromiso radicular crónico C5 a C8 bilateral, resonancia magnética de columna cervical mostro lesiones desmielinizantes que comprometían principalmente los cordones anteriores desde C3 a C6 con realce posterior a la administración del contraste. Conclusión: Se presenta un caso poco frecuente de diplejía braquial por mielitis post herpética.

Introduction: Bilateral brachial diplegia with proximal predominance known as "man in a barrel" syndrome has multiple causes, including post infectious, vascular and neurodegenerative. Clinical case: A 75- year-old-patient who 2 weeks before its entry into the service presented suddenly like-electricity feelings and severe difficulty upper limbs movements. Physical exam: Muscle strength: Right biceps 1 +/5, left 1-/5, right triceps 2-/5, left 2+/5, bilateral biceps and triceps areflexia and scapula muscles hypotrophy. Ancillary tests: Ig G serum anti-CMV: reactive> 500UIIml, Ig G serum anti-Herpes 1: reactive 153U/ml, electromyography showed bilateral chronic involvement from C5 to C8 roots, MRl cervical spinal cord showed demyelinating lesions in anterior spinal cord column from C3 to C6 with enhancement after contrast administration. Conclusion: We present a rare of post herpetic myelitis brachial diplegia case.

Síndrome cortico-basal como una presentación clínica de una enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob esporádica / Corticobasal syndrome as a clinical spectrum of a sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (ECJ) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa caracterizada por demencia rápidamente progresiva, mioclonías, compromiso motor y alteraciones características en los exámenes auxiliares; sin embargo existen presentaciones clínicas atípicas del cuadro. Presentamos un caso de ECJ esporádica en asociación clínica con un síndrome cortico-basal caracterizado por apraxia de extremidades, déficit sensorial cortical, fenómeno del miembro ajeno, bradicinesia y rigidez asimétricos; que es la presentación clásica de la degeneración corticobasal. Además los hallazgos en el electroencefalograma, resonancia magnética cerebral y resultado de la proteína 14-3-3 en LCR fueron compatibles con ECJ esporádico probable. Este caso sugiere que el compromiso neurológico asimétrico puede asociarse a ECJ esporádico...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, motor impairment and typical features on complementary tests; however, unusual clinical features might be associated. We report one case of sporadic CJD associated with corticobasal syndrome characterized by asymmetric limb apraxia, cortical sensory impairment, alien limb phenomenon, bradykinesia and rigidity; which is the classic clinical spectrum of the corticobasal degeneration. In addition, findings in electroencephalography (EEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positive CSF protein 14-3-3 were compatible with probable sporadic CJD. This case suggest that asymmetric neurologic impairment may be associated with sporadic CJD...

Mielinolisis Central Pontina: a proposito de un caso / Central Pontine Myelinolysis: a case report

La Mielinolisis central pontina es una lesión desmielinizante en la base de la protuberancia que en la mayoría de los casos se produce por una rápida correción de la hiponatremia. Comunicamos el caso de un paciente varón de 29 años con cuadriparesia, ataxia disartria y parálisis bilateral del sexto nervio craneal de presentación siete días después de la correción hidroelectrlítica por un estado de deshidratación secundario a un cuadro emético. Los estudios de resonancia magnética mostraron un patrón compatible con la enfermedad y su evolución en el tiempo. Este caso resalta la importancia de plantear el diagnostico de mielinolisis central pontina en pacientes con comprmiso corticoespinal, corticobulbar y otras vías nerviosas, en quienes exista el antecedente de corrección hidroelectrolítica.

Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating lesion in the basis pontis which in most cases is caused by a rapid correction of hyponatremia. we report the case of a 29 years old male patient presented with quadriparesis, ataxia, dysarthria and bilateral sixth nerve palsy appeared seven days after correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance by a state of dehydration secondary to an emetic event. MRI studies showed a pattern consistent with the disease and its evolution over time. This case highlights the importance of addressing the diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis in patients with commitment corticospinal, corticobulbar and other neural pathways, where there is a history of fluid and electroyte management.

Síndrome opsoclonus-mioclonus idiopático en paciente adulto: reporte de caso / Idiopathic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in an adult patient: a case report

Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 31 años con el síndrome de opsoclonus-mioclonus, entidad poco frecuente caracterizada por movimientos oculares multidireccionales (opsoclonus) y mioclonías, el cual puede estar asociado a ataxia, temblor y alteración del estado de conciencia. Es una entidad descrita como manifestación infecciosa secundaria, paraneoplásica o idiopática, siendo las etiologías más frecuentes en la población adulta. Existe evidencia de un mecanismo inmunológico en su patogénesis por lo que el tratamiento con esteroides y/o drogas inmunomoduladoras es ampliamente empleado aunque no existen estudios que soporten su uso prolongado en la evolución favorable del cuadro. Nuestro paciente recibió tratamiento esteroideo precoz y se observó mejoría y recuperación temprana. Es importante el reconocimiento de este cuadro por la posibilidad de estar relacionado a neoplasias subyacentes.

We report a case of 31 a year old male patient with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, a rare entity which is characterized by multidirectional eye movements (opsoclonus) and myoclonus. It can be associated with ataxia, tremor and altered level of consciousness. This entity is reported as secondary manifestation of infectious, paraneoplastic or idiopathic disease, the more common etiologies in adult population. There is evidence of an immunological mechanism involved in its pathogenesis. The treatment with steroids and/or immunomodulator drugs is widely used although there are no trials supporting its long term use in clinical improvement. Our patient received early steroid treatment with a prompt improvement and recovery. It is important to recognize this entity for the possibility of being related with underlying malignancies.

Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob en el Perú: reporte de once casos / Creutzfeldt-jakob disease in Peru: report of eleven cases

La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (ECJ) es una enfermedad neurológica fatal producida por la isoforma patológica de la proteína priónica humana. Se reporta las características clínicas de seis casos de la forma esporádica de ECJ con diagnóstico definitivo por histopatología, y cinco casos con diagnóstico probable, en pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas del Perú. La edad de inicio en los casos definitivos fue de 55,8 años y, en los probables, de 59,6 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. El tiempo de enfermedad fue de 8,8 meses. Se encontró un EEG típico en 50% de los casos definitivos y 80% de los probables. La proteína 14-3-3 en líquido cefalorraquídeo fue positiva en un caso probable y los hallazgos típicos en resonancia magnética se observaron en dos casos probables. Todos los casos cursaron con una evolución clínica típica de la enfermedad, y se considera el primer reporte de ECJ en el Perú. (AU)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal neurological disease caused by pathological isoform of the human prion protein. Clinical features of six cases of the sporadic form of CJD with definitive diagnosis by histopathology, and five cases with probable diagnosis were reported in patients treated at the Peruvian National Institute of Neurological Sciences. The average age of onset in definite cases was 55.8 years and in probable cases was 59.6, mostly males. The average disease duration was 8.8 months. A typical EEG was found in 50% of definite cases and in 80% of probable. The 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid was positive in a probable case, and typical MRI findings were observed in two probable cases. All cases studied had a typical clinical course of the disease, and it is considered as the first report of CJD in Peru. (AU)

Conjunctival melanoma: survival analysis in twenty-two Mexican patients / Melanoma conjuntival: análise de sobrevivência em vinte e dois pacientes mexicanos

Purpose: To describe the cases of conjunctival melanoma (CM) and report the disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS). Methods: The charts of 22 patients who were admitted to two hospitals between 1985 and 2006 were reviewed for pertinent data, including demographics, site of involvement in the conjunctiva and sub-sites, surgical treatment, and adjuvant treatment. Results: There were 10 (45.45%) males and 12 (54.55%) females. Mean age was 52.3 years. In this group, 15 patients (68.1%) involved the bulbar conjunctiva, and 7 (31.9%) involved the palpebral conjunctiva. Of the 22 patients, 72.72% had a history of conjunctival melanosis. The average tumor size was 20.4 mm. Eight (36.36%) patients underwent orbital exenteration, 2 (9.06%) had enucleation, 5 (22.72%) had wide excision of the lesion followed by radiotherapy, 2 (9.06%) had orbital exenteration with neck dissection, and the remaining 5 patients (22.72%) were considered adequately treated only with wide excision. Eight (36.36%) patients received adjuvant treatment. Disease-free survival at 5 years was 51% and the overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 50% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion: Conjunctival melanoma is a rare entity. Tumor behavior is aggressive, and the optimal treatment is surgery with adjuvant therapy. .

Objetivo: Descrever o intervalo livre de doença (DFI) e sobrevida global (OS) de pacientes com melanoma conjuntival (CM). Método: Prontuários de 22 pacientes que foram internados em dois hospitais entre 1985 e 2006 foram revisados para dados pertinentes, incluindo dados demográficos, local de envolvimento na conjuntiva e outros locais de acometimento, tratamento cirúrgico e tratamento adjuvante. Resultados: Dez (45,45%) homens e 12 (54,55%) mulheres foram selecionados. A média de idade foi de 52,3 anos. Em 15 pacientes (68,1%) CM envolveu a conjuntiva bulbar, e em 7 (31,9%) envolveu a conjuntiva palpebral. Dos 22 pacientes, 72,72% tinham história de melanose conjuntival. O tamanho médio do tumor foi de 20,4 mm. Oito (36,36%) pacientes foram submetidos à exenteração orbital, 2 (9,06% ) à enucleação, 5 (22,72%) à ampla excisão da lesão seguida de radioterapia, 2 (9,06%) à exenteração orbital com esvaziamento cervical e os restantes 5 pacientes (22,72%) foram considerados adequadamente tratados apenas com excisão ampla. Oito (36,36%) pacientes receberam tratamento adjuvante. Sobrevida livre de doença em 5 anos foi de 51% e sobrevida global em 5 e 10 anos foi de 50% e 37%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Melanoma conjuntival é uma entidade rara. Comportamento do tumor é agressivo, e o melhor tratamento é a cirurgia com terapia adjuvante. .