The effect of different exercise programs on sarcopenia criteria in older people: A systematic review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of different modalities of physical exercises on the sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in older people. METHODS: Systematic review of systematic reviews. Search strategy included older people and sarcopenia MeSh, performed at mainly databases. Selected studies include older adults, submitted to physical training (Intervention Group: IG) compared to control groups (CG). Quantitative analyses with the inverse variance statistic method (random effects). The effect measures mean difference. Heterogeneity measured with Q-Test. RESULTS: 494 systematic reviews found. After screening, 5 were included (48 papers. n=3,877). Mean age: 74.02±6.1. 73.44% female. Mean interventions duration: 17.38 weeks (average: 2.56 weekly sessions). AMSTAR and PRISMA showed high methodological quality. Meta-analyses compared results of resistance training interventions (RTA) with other than resistance (Non-resistance Training interventions: NRTA). Handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and gait speed showed statistically significant differences (SSD) favorable to IG. In chair stand test, RTA showed SSD favorable to the IG, and NRTA to CG. The timed-up-and-go do not showed SSD. DISCUSSION: The SMM and strength showed better results in RTA, although the confidence intervals (CI) overlap. Both valences can be trained with similar volume and training intensity, which can modify muscle volume and strength. Physical performance obtained better results in NRTA, even with CI overlap. For severely sarcopenic, training including more than one valence may be best. In sarcopenia diagnosis most studies do not take into account the consensuses of standardization, making hard the larger groups analysis. CONCLUSION: Being part of any training program can be beneficial for sarcopenia in older people, with resistance training better for strength and SMM, and mixed modalities for physical performance.

Dry Needling Combined With Guideline-Based Physical Therapy Provides No Added Benefit in the Management of Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the added benefit of combining dry needling with a guideline-based physical therapy treatment program consisting of exercise and manual therapy on pain and disability in people with chronic neck pain. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Participants were randomized to receive either guideline-based physical therapy or guideline-based physical therapy plus dry needling. The primary outcomes, measured at 1 month post randomization, were average pain intensity in the previous 24 hours and previous week, measured with a numeric pain-rating scale (0-10), and disability, measured with the Neck Disability Index (0-100). The secondary outcomes were pain and disability measured at 3 and 6 months post randomization and global perceived effect, quality of sleep, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy measured at 1, 3, and 6 months post randomization. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen participants were recruited. At 1 month post randomization, people who received guideline-based physical therapy plus dry needling had a small reduction in average pain intensity in the previous 24 hours (mean difference, 1.56 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11, 2.36) and in the previous week (mean difference, 1.20 points; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.21). There was no effect of adding dry needling to guideline-based physical therapy on disability at 1 month post randomization (mean difference, -2.08 points; 95% CI: -3.01, 5.07). There was no effect for any of the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: When combined with guideline-based physical therapy for neck pain, dry needling resulted in small improvements in pain only at 1 month post randomization. There was no effect on disability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(8):447-454. Epub 9 Apr 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9389.

CAPACITY OF EXERCISE AND SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS WITH AND WITHOUT HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.

BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a complication associated with cirrhosis that may contribute to worsening exercise capacity and reduced survival after liver transplantation (LT). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate exercise capacity, complications and survival after LT in patients with cirrhosis and HPS and to compare these results with the results of patients with cirrhosis without HPS. METHODS: A prospective cohort study, consisting initially of 178 patients, of whom 90 underwent LT (42 with HPS and 48 without HPS). A previous evaluation consisted of the six-minute walk test (6MWT), an exercise test and manovacuometry. Those who underwent LT were evaluated for the mechanical ventilation time (MV), noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use, and survival two years after the procedure. In the statistical analysis, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, the linear association square test, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 16.00 program and considered significant at P<0.05. RESULTS: The HPS group demonstrated a lower peak of oxygen consumption (VO2peak) (14.2±2.3 vs 17.6±2.6) P<0.001 and a shorter distance walked on the 6MWT (340.8±50.9 vs 416.5±91.4) P<0.001 before LT compared with the non-HPS group. The transplanted patients with HPS remained longer hours in MV (19.5±4.3 vs 12.5±3.3) P=0.02, required more NIV (12 vs 2) P=0.01, and had lower survival two years after the procedure (P=0.01) compared with the transplanted patients without HPS. CONCLUSION: Patients with HPS had worse exercise capacity before LT, more complications and shorter survival after this procedure than patients without HPS.

Termoterapia associada com treinamento de flexibilidade não aprimora a amplitude de movimento de joelhos em adultos saudáveis: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados com meta-análise / Thermotherapy associated with flexibility training does not increase the knee range of movement of healthy adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

The stretching with thermotherapies associated have been related in the literature as a way to increase the range of motion (ROM), but still are not consensus about this efficacy and costeffectiveness. The muscle stretching is a useful technique in rehabilitation and in physical activities programs, either to gain or maintain the flexibility, as a recovery of musculoskeletal and joint injuries. Objective: To determine the effects of thermotherapies associated to flexibility training in ROM of knee extension in healthy adults. Method: The search strategy was conducted in main databases, as Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, PUBMED/ Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. The searches were done in 2016, and renewed in 2023, in order to achieve new publications along this time. Were selected only randomized clinical trials that have executed a training of hamstrings stretching, associated or not with one or more thermotherapies in healthy young adults, as long as the outcome was knee extension ROM. Only papers in Portuguese or English were assessed. To evaluate risk of bias was used the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool, and the methodological quality assessment was rated following the PEDro Scale. Results: Eight articles were included, totalizing 260 participants. The papers showed low methodological quality, and uncertain risk of bias. Only chronic effect of local warming and cryotherapy plus stretching showed a statistically significant difference versus control group. However, the thermotherapy action associated with stretching is still unclear, once the results suggest that even without the thermotherapy there are ROM increases. Conclusion: The stretching is effective in knee extension ROM improvement in healthy adults, with or without thermotherapy. New studies with higher methodological rigor and standardized protocols are needed

Os alongamentos com termoterapias associadas têm sido relatados na literatura como forma de aumentar a amplitude de movimento (ADM), mas ainda não há consenso sobre sua eficácia e custo-efetividade. O alongamento muscular é uma técnica útil na reabilitação e em programas de atividades físicas, tanto para ganho ou manutenção da flexibilidade, quanto para recuperação de lesões musculoesqueléticas e articulares. Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos das termoterapias associadas ao treinamento de flexibilidade na ADM de extensão do joelho em adultos saudáveis. Método: A estratégia de busca foi realizada nas principais bases de dados, como Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, PUBMED/ MedLine, Scopus e Web of Science. As buscas foram realizadas em 2016, e renovadas em 2023, a fim de alcançar novas publicações ao longo deste tempo. Foram selecionados apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados que tenham executado um treinamento de alongamento de isquiotibiais, associado ou não a uma ou mais termoterapias, em adultos jovens saudáveis, desde que o desfecho fosse ADM de extensão de joelho. Apenas artigos em português ou inglês foram avaliados. Para avaliar o risco de viés foi usado o Risk of Bias Tool da Cochrane Collaboration, e a avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi classificada de acordo com a Escala PEDro. Resultados: Foram incluídos oito artigos, totalizando 260 participantes. Os artigos apresentaram baixa qualidade metodológica e risco incerto de viés. Apenas o efeito crônico de aquecimento local e crioterapia associados ao alongamento mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao grupo controle. No entanto, a ação da termoterapia associada ao alongamento ainda não está clara, uma vez que os resultados sugerem que mesmo sem a termoterapia há aumento da ADM. Conclusão: O alongamento é eficaz na melhora da ADM de extensão do joelho em adultos saudáveis, com ou sem termoterapia. Novos estudos com maior rigor metodológico e protocolos padronizados são necessários

Comparison of diagnosis frequency between versions of the European Consensus on Sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study / Comparação da frequência de diagnóstico entre as versões do Consenso Europeu sobre Sarcopenia: um estudo transversal

OBJECTIVE: To compare sarcopenia diagnosis according to 2 versions of the European Consensus on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP and EWGSOP2) in a sample of older adults. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 82 community-dwelling older people from Porto Alegre, Brazil. The patients were assessed by trained professionals and were classified according to the criteria of the 2 versions of the consensus to show the differences between the classification models. RESULTS: The participants performed the Timed Up and Go test in < 7.21 seconds. On average, their performance on the 6-meter walk test was above the predicted value. Only 3 patients had a gait speed < 0.8 m/s. Handgrip strength was, on average, the predicted percentage. In the Short Physical Performance Battery, the scores of a few were intermediate but most were high. According to EWGSOP criteria, 92.18% were non-sarcopenic and 7.81% had severe sarcopenia, while according to EWGSOP2 criteria, 98.43% were non-sarcopenic, 1.56% were sarcopenic, and none had severe sarcopenia. The rate of sarcopenia diagnosis, which was 8.53% according to EWGSOP criteria, reduced to 3.65% according to EWGSOP2 criteria and the new cut-off points (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Although our sample was small, the reduction was significant, indicating that the change in criteria, even with lower cut-off points, reduced the probability of early diagnosis

OBJETIVO: Comparar a aplicação dos critérios e orientações das duas versões do Consenso Europeu sobre Sarcopenia (EWGSOP e EWGSOP2) para o diagnóstico e classificação, numa amostra de idosos residentes na comunidade. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, com 82 idosos residentes na comunidade da cidade de Porto Alegre. Os pacientes foram avaliados por profissionais treinados e classificados segundo os critérios dos dois consensos para mostrar as diferenças entre os dois modelos de classificação.RESULTADOS: Em testes físicos como o timed up and go, a amostra realizou o teste em menos de 7,21 segundos. Em média, os idosos conseguiram caminhar no teste de caminhada de 6 metros mais do que a percentagem prevista para esse público. Apenas três pacientes apresentaram velocidade de caminhada inferior a 0,8 m/s. Na avaliação de força, os idosos conseguiram atingir, em média, o percentual previsto. No Short Physical Performance Battery, poucos tiveram desempenho intermediário. A maioria teve desempenho alto. Quando avaliados pelo EWGSOP, 92,18% eram não sarcopênicos, enquanto 7,81% eram sarcopênicos severos; e, quando avaliados pelo EWGSOP2, 98,43% eram não sarcopênicos, 1,56% sarcopênico e nenhum sarcopênico severo. A aplicação dos critérios EWGSOP2 e novos pontos de corte reduziram a capacidade de diagnóstico de sarcopenia na amostra de 8,53 para 3,65% (p = 0,034).CONCLUSÃO: Embora a amostra seja pequena, a redução é significativa e expressa que a mudança de critério, mesmo utilizando pontos de corte mais baixos para a amostra em análise, trouxe impacto no sentido de não diagnosticar precocemente

There is no correlation between stages of nafld assessed by liver biopsy and the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia in active populations: a cross-sectional study / Não há correlação entre os estágios da dhgna avaliados por biópsia hepática e os critérios diagnósticos para sarcopenia em populações ativas: um estudo transversal / No existe correlación entre las etapas de ehgna evaluadas mediante biopsia hepática y los criterios diagnósticos de sarcopenia en poblaciones activas: un estudio transversal

Objective: To demonstrate the correlations of the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and the levels of Non-alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) assessed by liver biopsy in a physically active population. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Individuals aged >18 years, with NAFLD confirmed by liver biopsy, physically active. Sarcopenia assessment followed EWGSOP2: muscle strength by handgrip, Skeletal Muscle Mass by Bioimpedance, and physical performance by usual gait speed. Statistical Analysis: To test differences between groups in continuous variables, Student's T or Mann-Whitney U Test for independent samples. Pearson and Spearman tests were used for correlations. A 5% significance was considered (p<0.05). Results: 52 patients with NAFLD included, consisting of 35 women and 15 men. There was no difference in age or anthropometric variables. Were found difference statically significant in platelets (higher in women), basal insulin, HOMA-IR and Quick (higher in men). In sarcopenia, the handgrip strength showed difference in favors of men. There was no statistically significant correlation between the sarcopenia and NAFLD levels. Discussion: sarcopenia has been reported as an independent risk factor for NAFLD and its progressions. The physical exercise is one of the most recommended and more effective treatment for both conditions, so is expected that a non-sedentary individual can reduce both indicators. However, there is no consensus about the best method. Also, the both conditions share heterogeneity in diagnosis, prognosis, reason for develop and risk factors across the literature. Conclusion: For populations where most individuals are physically active, it is not possible to find correlation between sarcopenia diagnostic criteria and the stages of NAFLD.

Objetivo: Demonstrar as correlações dos critérios diagnósticos de sarcopenia e dos níveis de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) avaliados por biópsia hepática em uma população fisicamente ativa. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Indivíduos com idade >18 anos, com DHGNA confirmada por biópsia hepática, fisicamente ativos. A avaliação da sarcopenia seguiu o EWGSOP2: força muscular por preensão manual, massa muscular esquelética por bioimpedância e performance física por velocidade usual de marcha. Análise Estatística: Para testar diferenças entre grupos nas variáveis contínuas, teste T de Student ou Teste U de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes. Os testes de Pearson e Spearman foram utilizados para correlações. Foi considerada significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos 52 pacientes com DHGNA, sendo 35 mulheres e 15 homens. Não houve diferença na idade ou nas variáveis antropométricas. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em plaquetas (maior em mulheres), insulina basal, HOMA-IR e Quick (maior em homens). Na sarcopenia, a força de preensão manual apresentou diferença em favor dos homens. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de sarcopenia e DHGNA. Discussão: a sarcopenia tem sido relatada como fator de risco independente para DHGNA e suas progressões. O exercício físico é um dos tratamentos mais recomendados e mais eficazes para ambas as condições, pelo que se espera que um indivíduo não sedentário consiga reduzir ambos os indicadores. No entanto, não há consenso sobre o melhor método. Além disso, ambas as condições compartilham heterogeneidade no diagnóstico, prognóstico, razão de desenvolvimento e fatores de risco em toda a literatura. Conclusão: Para populações onde a maioria dos indivíduos é fisicamente ativo, não é possível encontrar correlação entre os critérios diagnósticos de sarcopenia e os estágios da DHGNA.

Objetivo: demostrar las correlaciones de los criterios diagnósticos de sarcopenia y los niveles de enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) evaluados mediante biopsia hepática en una población físicamente activa. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Individuos mayores de 18 años, con EHGNA confirmada mediante biopsia hepática, físicamente activos. La evaluación de la sarcopenia siguió el EWGSOP2: fuerza muscular mediante agarre manual, masa muscular esquelética mediante bioimpedancia y rendimiento físico mediante velocidad de marcha habitual. Análisis estadístico: Para probar diferencias entre grupos en variables continuas, prueba T de Student o U de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes. Para las correlaciones se utilizaron las pruebas de Pearson y Spearman. Se consideró una significancia del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Se incluyeron 52 pacientes con EHGNA, 35 mujeres y 15 hombres. No hubo diferencia en la edad ni en variables antropométricas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en plaquetas (mayor en mujeres), insulina basal, HOMA- IR y Quick (mayor en hombres). En la sarcopenia, la fuerza de prensión manual mostró diferencia a favor de los hombres. No hubo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la sarcopenia y los niveles de NAFLD. Discusión: la sarcopenia ha sido reportada como un factor de riesgo independiente para NAFLD y sus progresiones. El ejercicio físico es uno de los tratamientos más recomendados y efectivos para ambas afecciones, por lo que se espera que una persona no sedentaria pueda reducir ambos indicadores. Sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre cuál es el mejor método. Además, ambas afecciones comparten heterogeneidad en el diagnóstico, pronóstico, motivo de desarrollo y factores de riesgo en la literatura. Conclusión: Para poblaciones donde la mayoría de las personas son físicamente activas, no es posible encontrar correlación entre los criterios de diagnóstico de sarcopenia y las etapas de NAFLD.

Atuação do fisioterapeuta no serviço de emergência de um hospital de pronto socorro referência em trauma / The role of physical therapists in the emergency room of a trauma hospital

Emergências hospitalares são portas de entrada para pacientes graves com potencial risco de morte. Em um hospital referência em trauma, a função do fisioterapeuta dentro da equipe multiprofissional ainda tem necessidade de ser bem estabelecida. Objetivo: Discorrer sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta no serviço de emergência de um hospital de pronto socorro referência em trauma e apresentar o perfil do paciente atendido. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional descritiva, de caráter transversal retrospectiva a partir da análise dos atendimentos fisioterapêuticos registrados em prontuários de pacientes hospitalizados. Resultados: As causas mais frequentes de internação dos pacientes atendidos pela equipe de fisioterapia foram quedas (51,7%), acidentes de trânsito (14,9%), cardiovasculares (9,2%), agressões (9,1%), outros (8,3%) e respiratórias (6,8%). Quedas da própria altura com fratura de fêmur associadas representaram 26,4% da amostra. Nestes pacientes as condutas mais utilizadas pelos fisioterapeutas foram orientações, exercícios respiratórios, exercícios no leito e ajustes de posicionamento. O fisioterapeuta teve atuação com pacientes com pneumotórax, hemotórax ou hemopneumotórax submetidos à drenagem torácica, por meio de exercícios respiratórios expansivos, saída do leito e deambulação precoce. Observou-se também atuação com os pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva e não invasiva na sala vermelha. Conclusão: O fisioterapeuta, fazendo parte da equipe multiprofissional, apresenta importante atuação nas salas de emergência de um hospital de trauma, tal como o atendimento a pacientes submetidos a ventilação mecânica invasiva e não invasiva, uso de técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória para expansão pulmonar e remoção de secreções bem como a utilização de técnicas de cinesioterapia para manutenção e ganho de força muscular e funcionalidade.

Hospital emergencies are gateways to critically ill patients with potential risk of death. In a trauma referral hospital, the physical therapists role within the multiprofessional team must still be well established. Objective: To discuss the role of the physical therapist in the emergency department of a reference trauma hospital and to present the profile of the patients admitted to hospitalization. Method: This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study that analyzes physiotherapy and records of hospitalized patients. Results: The most frequent causes of hospitalization of patients treated by the physiotherapy team were falls (51.7%), traffic accidents (14.9%), cardiovascular diseases (9.2%), assaults (9.1%), and respiratory (6.8%). Falls from standing height with associated femur fractures represented 26.4% of the records. With these patients, the procedures most used by physical therapists were orientations, breathing exercises, bedside exercises, and positioning adjustments. With lung-expanding breathing exercises, bedside exercises, and early walking, the physical therapist treated patients with pneumothorax, hemothorax, or hemopneumothorax who underwent thoracic drainage. Physical therapists also treated patients under invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the red ward. Conclusion: The physical therapist, as part of the multiprofessional team, has an essential role in the emergency rooms of a trauma hospital, such as care for patients undergoing invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, use of respiratory physiotherapy techniques for lung expansion and removal of secretions, as well as the use of kinesiotherapy techniques to maintain and gain muscle strength and functionality.

Ventilatory support and hospital stay after liver transplant in cirrhotic patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To compare mechanical ventilation time, need for non-invasive ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay after liver transplant in cirrhotic patients with and with no diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study with a convenience sample of 178 patients (92 with hepatopulmonary syndrome) who were diagnosed as alcoholic or hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. The statistical analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Students t test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, and p values <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Out of 178 patients, 90 underwent transplant (48 with no hepatopulmonary syndrome). The Group diagnosed with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome had longer mechanical ventilation time (19.5±4.3 hours versus 12.5±3.3 hours; p=0.02), an increased need for non-invasive ventilation (12 versus 2; p=0.01), longer intensive care unit stay (6.7±2.1 days versus 4.6±1.5 days; p=0.02) and longer hospital stay (24.1±4.3 days versus 20.2±3.9 days; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Cirrhotic patients Group diagnosed with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome had higher mechanical ventilation time, more need of non-invasive ventilation, as well as longer intensive care unit and hospital stay.

The Brazilian version of the Constant-Murley Score (CMS-BR): convergent and construct validity, internal consistency, and unidimensionality.

OBJECTIVES: To translate and culturally adapt the CMS and assess the validity of the Brazilian version (CMS-BR). METHODS: The translation was carried out according to the back-translation method by four independent translators. The produced versions were synthesized through extensive analysis and by consensus of an expert committee, reaching a final version used for the cultural adaptation. A field test was conducted with 30 subjects in order to obtain semantic considerations. For the psychometric analyzes, the sample was increased to 110 participants who answered two instruments: CMS-BR and the Disabilities of the Arm, shoulder and Hand (DASH). The CMS-BR and DASH score range from 0 to 100 points. For the first, higher points reflect better function and for the latter, the inverse is true. The validity was verified by Pearson's correlation test, the unidimensionality by factorial analysis, and the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The explained variance was 60.28% with factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.91. The CMS-BR exhibited strong negative correlation with the DASH score (-0.82, p < 0.05), Cronbach's alpha 0.85, and its total score was strongly correlated with the patient's range of motion (0.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The CMS was satisfactorily adapted for Brazilian Portuguese and demonstrated evidence of validity that allows its use in this population.

OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o Constant-Murley Score (CMS) e verificar a validade da versão brasileira (CMS-BR). MÉTODOS: A tradução foi feita de acordo com o método de retrotradução por quatro tradutores independentes. As versões produzidas foram sintetizadas por análise extensiva e consenso de um comitê de especialistas e geraram uma versão final usada para a adaptação cultural. Fez-se um teste em campo com 30 sujeitos para observação de possíveis considerações em relação à semântica. Para a posterior análise psicométrica, ampliou-se a amostra para 110 participantes que responderam a dois instrumentos: CMS-BR e Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). O CMS-BR e o DASH variam de 0 a 100 pontos. Para o primeiro, altas pontuações refletem melhor função, para o segundo, o contrário. A validade foi verificada com o teste de correlação de Pearson, a unidimensionalidade com a análise fatorial e a consistência interna com o Alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A variância explicada foi de 60,28% com cargas fatoriais entre 0,60 e 0,91. O CMS-BR demonstrou correlação forte e negativa com o DASH (-0,82, p < 0,05), com o alfa de Cronbach de 0,85 e seu escore total teve correlação forte com a amplitude de movimento dos pacientes (0,93, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O CMS-BR foi adaptado de forma satisfatória e demonstrou evidências de validade que permitem seu uso nessa população.

Effects of protein supplementation in older adults undergoing resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Older individuals present reductions in muscle mass and physical function, as well as a blunted muscle protein synthesis response to amino acid administration and physical activity. Although resistance training is an effective intervention to slow down muscle impairments in the elderly, there is no consensus whether a combination with protein supplementation could offer additional benefits to an older population. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically summarize and quantify whether protein supplementation could optimize the effects of resistance training on muscle mass and strength in an aged population. DESIGN: A structured literature search was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, EMBASE and LILACS databases. The search had no period or language restrictions. Inclusion criteria comprised study design (randomized controlled trials-RCTs), sample mean age (60 years and over) and intervention (a resistance training program for a period of 6 weeks or longer combined with protein or amino acids supplementation). Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction. Continuous data on fat-free mass, muscle mass and muscle strength were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Of the 540 articles reviewed, 29 eligible articles underwent full-text evaluation. Nine RCTs (462 subjects) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The mean age of the participants ranged from 61 to 79 years old. Protein supplementation protocols varied widely throughout the studies. Three studies used quantities related to the body mass of the participants and the other six trials provided supplements in daily amounts, independently of subjects' body masses. Overall, protein supplementation in combination with resistance training was associated with gains in fat-free mass, resulting in a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05-0.42]. However, protein supplementation was not associated with changes in muscle mass (0.14, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.32) or muscle strength (0.13, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.32). LIMITATIONS: Studies among the very elderly population are scarce. The variation regarding the supplementation protocol, namely the different protein sources, amounts and timing of ingestion, also made it harder to compare the results. The general quality of the studies was low, reflecting increased risk of bias in some studies. Despite these limitations, this systematic review provides a general overview of the role of protein supplementation with no other added macronutrients to augment muscle mass and strength during resistance training in older adults. CONCLUSION: Combining protein supplementation with resistance training is effective for eliciting gains in fat-free mass among older adults, but does not seem to increase muscle mass or strength.

Análise da associação entre força de preensão manual e funcionalidade em pessoas idosas da comunidade / Analysis of the association between hand grip strength and functionality in community old people

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre força de preensão manual (FPM) e testes de capacidade física, por parte de pessoas idosas saudáveis, não institucionalizadas. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa com delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 36 pessoas idosas (66,69±4,84 anos), todos responderam a um instrumento contendo avaliação cognitiva e outro de avaliação do nível de atividade física, além de dados sociodemográficos e condições de saúde. A FPM foi aferida através do dinamômetro hidráulico JAMAR e foram realizados o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e o teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) para avaliação da capacidade cardiorrespiratória submáxima durante o deslocamento e a mobilidade corporal. Resultados Foi possível verificar através do coeficiente de Pearson a associação fraca e significativa entre a FPM e as variáveis do TC6 (p=0,05) e TUG (p=0,027). Conclusão A FPM apresentou correlação fraca mas significativa com os testes de capacidade física funcional sendo assim, pode ser usada quando contextualizada com outras variáveis, para avaliar a funcionalidade em pessoas idosas da comunidade.

Abstract Objective To analyze the association between hand grip strength (HGS) and physical ability tests by healthy, non-institutionalized old people. Method This is a cross-sectional research. The sample comprised 36 old people (66.69±4.84 years), and they all responded two questionaires, one containing a cognitive assessment and another to assess the level of physical activity, in addition to sociodemographic data and health conditions. The HGS was measured using the JAMAR hydraulic dynamometer, and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were carried out to assess the submaximal cardiorespiratory capacity during displacement and body mobility. Results The Pearson coefficient allowed to verify the weak and significant association between the HGS and the 6MWT (p=0.05) and TUG (p=0.027) variables. Conclusion The HGS showed a weak but significant correlation with the physical ability tests. Therefore, it can be used when contextualized with other variables to assess the functionality in old people in the community.

The effect of exercise therapy on knee adduction moment in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Exercise therapy is an evidence-based intervention for the conservative management of knee osteoarthritis. It is hypothesized that exercise therapy could reduce the knee adduction moment. A systematic review was performed in order to verify the effects of exercise therapy on the knee adduction moment in individuals with knee osteoarthritis in studies that also assessed pain and physical function. METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search was performed on MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Google scholar and OpenGrey. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials with control or sham groups as comparator assessing pain, physical function, muscle strength and knee adduction moment during walking at self-selected speed in individuals with knee osteoarthritis that underwent a structured exercise therapy rehabilitation program. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed risk of bias. For each study, knee adduction moment, pain and physical function outcomes were extracted. For each outcome, mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Due to clinical heterogeneity among exercise therapy protocols, a descriptive analysis was chosen. FINDINGS: Three studies, comprising 233 participants, were included. None of the studies showed significant differences between strengthening and control/sham groups in knee adduction moment. In regards to pain and physical function, the three studies demonstrated significant improvement in pain and two of them showed increased physical function following exercise therapy compared to controls. Muscle strength and torque significantly improved in all the three trials favoring the intervention group. INTERPRETATION: Clinical benefits from exercise therapy were not associated with changes in the knee adduction moment. The lack of knee adduction moment reduction indicates that exercise therapy may not be protective in knee osteoarthritis from a joint loading point of view. Alterations in neuromuscular control, not captured by the knee adduction moment measurement, may contribute to alter dynamic joint loading following exercise therapy. To conclude, mechanisms other than the reduction in knee adduction moment might explain the clinical benefits of exercise therapy on knee osteoarthritis.

Capacidade de exercício e sobrevida de pacientes cirróticos com e sem síndrome hepatopulmonar após o transplante hepático / Capacity of exercise and survival in patients with cirrhosis with and without hepatopulmonary syndrome after liver transplantation

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a complication associated with cirrhosis that may contribute to worsening exercise capacity and reduced survival after liver transplantation (LT). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate exercise capacity, complications and survival after LT in patients with cirrhosis and HPS and to compare these results with the results of patients with cirrhosis without HPS. METHODS: A prospective cohort study, consisting initially of 178 patients, of whom 90 underwent LT (42 with HPS and 48 without HPS). A previous evaluation consisted of the six-minute walk test (6MWT), an exercise test and manovacuometry. Those who underwent LT were evaluated for the mechanical ventilation time (MV), noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use, and survival two years after the procedure. In the statistical analysis, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, the linear association square test, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 16.00 program and considered significant at P<0.05. RESULTS: The HPS group demonstrated a lower peak of oxygen consumption (VO2peak) (14.2±2.3 vs 17.6±2.6) P<0.001 and a shorter distance walked on the 6MWT (340.8±50.9 vs 416.5±91.4) P<0.001 before LT compared with the non-HPS group. The transplanted patients with HPS remained longer hours in MV (19.5±4.3 vs 12.5±3.3) P=0.02, required more NIV (12 vs 2) P=0.01, and had lower survival two years after the procedure (P=0.01) compared with the transplanted patients without HPS. CONCLUSION: Patients with HPS had worse exercise capacity before LT, more complications and shorter survival after this procedure than patients without HPS.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A síndrome hepatopulmonar (SHP) é uma complicação associada à cirrose que pode contribuir para piora da capacidade de exercício e menor sobrevida após o transplante hepático (TxH). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade de exercício, as complicações e a sobrevida após TxH em cirróticos com SHP e comparar com os resultados de cirróticos sem esse diagnóstico. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, composto inicialmente por 178 pacientes, dos quais 90 foram submetidos ao TxH (42 com SHP e 48 sem SHP). Foi realizada uma avaliação prévia composta pelo teste de caminhada dos seis minutos (TC6M), teste ergométrico e manovacuometria. Os submetidos ao TxH tiveram avaliados o tempo de ventilação mecânica (VM), uso de ventilação não invasiva (VNI), e a sobrevida dois anos após o procedimento. Na análise estatística utilizamos os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, o teste t de Student, o teste do quadrado de associação linear, a curva de sobrevida de Kaplan Meier. Os dados foram analisados no programa SPSS 16.00 sendo considerado significativo P<0,05. RESULTADOS: O grupo SHP apresentou menor pico de consumo de oxigênio (VO2pico) (14,2±2,3 vs 17,6±2,6) P<0,001, e menor distância percorrida no TC6M (340,8±50,9 vs 416,5±91,4) P<0,001 antes do TxH. Os pacientes com SHP transplantados permaneceram mais horas em VM (19,5±4,3 vs 12,5±3,3) P=0,02, necessitaram mais de VNI (12 vs 2) P=0,01, e tiveram menor sobrevida dois anos após o procedimento (P=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com SHP apresentaram pior capacidade de exercício antes do TxH, mais complicações e menor sobrevida após a realização desse procedimento.

Echo intensity is negatively associated with functional capacity in older women.

Muscle quality is an important component of the functional profile of the elderly, and previous studies have shown that both muscle quantity and quality independently contribute to muscle strength of the elderly. This study aimed to verify the association between quadriceps femoris muscle quality, analyzed by specific tension and echo intensity (EI), and rate of torque development (RTD) of the knee extensor muscles with the functional performance in elderly active women. Forty-five healthy, active elderly women (70.28 ± 6.2) volunteered to participate in this study. Quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and EI were determined by ultrasonography. Knee extension isometric peak torque and RTD were obtained from maximal isometric voluntary contraction curves. The 30-s sit-to-stand-up (30SS) test and usual gait speed (UGS) test were applied to evaluate functional performance. Rectus femoris EI presented a significant negative correlation with 30SS (r = -0.505, P < 0.01), UGS (r s = -0.347, P < 0.05), and isometric peak torque (r = -0.314, P < 0.05). The quadriceps femoris EI correlated negatively with 30SS (r = -0.493, P < 0.01) and isometric peak torque (r = -0.409, P < 0.01). The EI of the quadriceps femoris and all quadriceps muscle portions significantly correlated with RTD. RTD significantly correlated with physical performance in both functional tests (30SS = r = 0.340, P < 0.05; UGS = r s = 0.371, P < 0.05). We concluded that muscle EI may be an important predictor of functional performance and knee extensor power capacity in elderly, active women.

Quality of life of elderly people living in a municipality with rural characteristics in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Qualidade de vida de idosos residentes em município com características rurais do interior do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract Objective: to describe the quality of life of elderly residents of a rural municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study of a population of elderly persons was performed. Systematic probabilistic sampling was carried out. The sample was composed of 100 elderly persons, of whom 67 were female and 33 were male. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data, a sociodemographic and sample characterization survey, and the WHOQOL-BREF, in order to evaluate quality of life. The normality of the data was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analysis of mean and standard deviation was performed. Absolute and relative frequencies, Student T-test and Pearson correlation were also performed. Results: Quality of life in the physical domain was negatively impacted for both genders, whereas in the social relationships domain a good evaluation was identified, without significant difference between genders. The correlation of the WHOQOL-BREF domains with the age, weight and height of the women demonstrated, although weak, a positive and direct association in quality of life between environment and weight (r=0.277, p=0.024). When only men were evaluated, a strong inverse association with physical domain and age was found (r=0.725, p<0.001) as well as an inverse association of psychological domain with age (r=0.371, p=0.033). The psychological domain presented a positive association with BMI (r=0.36, p=0.039). Conclusion: It was concluded that elderly persons living in a rural environment who participated in this study had a good quality of life. AU

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a qualidade de vida de idosos residentes em município com características rurais no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: estudo observacional transversal, de caráter descritivo de uma população de idosos. Foi realizada uma amostragem probabilística sistemática. A amostra foi composta por 100 idosos, sendo 67 do sexo feminino e 33, masculino. Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizados dois questionários: um sociodemográfico e de caracterização da amostra e o WHOQOL-bref para avaliação da qualidade de vida. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo Teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e foram realizadas análises de média e desvio-padrão, frequências absolutas e relativas, Teste t de Student e Correlação de Pearson. Resultados: a qualidade de vida foi mais impactada negativamente no domínio físico para ambos os sexos, enquanto que no domínio das relações sociais foi identificada uma boa avaliação, sem diferença significativa entre gêneros. A correlação dos domínios do WHOQOL-bref com a idade, peso e estatura das mulheres mostrou, apesar de fraca, uma associação positiva e direta na qualidade de vida entre meio ambiente e o peso (r=0,277, p=0,024). Ao avaliar apenas os homens, encontrou-se uma associação forte e inversa do domínio físico com a idade (r=-0,725; p<0,001) e uma associação também inversa do domínio psicológico com a idade (r=-0,371; p=0,033). Ainda, o domínio psicológico apresentou uma associação positiva com o Índice de massa muscular (r=0,36; p=0,039). Conclusão: conclui-se que os idosos residentes em ambiente rural, participantes deste estudo, apresentaram boa qualidade de vida. AU

Ventilatory support and hospital stay after liver transplant in cirrhotic patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome / Suporte ventilatório e tempo de hospitalização após transplante hepático em cirróticos com síndrome hepatopulmonar

ABSTRACT Objective To compare mechanical ventilation time, need for non-invasive ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay after liver transplant in cirrhotic patients with and with no diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Methods This was a prospective cohort study with a convenience sample of 178 patients (92 with hepatopulmonary syndrome) who were diagnosed as alcoholic or hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. The statistical analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Students t test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, and p values <0.05 were considered significant. Results Out of 178 patients, 90 underwent transplant (48 with no hepatopulmonary syndrome). The Group diagnosed with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome had longer mechanical ventilation time (19.5±4.3 hours versus 12.5±3.3 hours; p=0.02), an increased need for non-invasive ventilation (12 versus 2; p=0.01), longer intensive care unit stay (6.7±2.1 days versus 4.6±1.5 days; p=0.02) and longer hospital stay (24.1±4.3 days versus 20.2±3.9 days; p=0.01). Conclusion Cirrhotic patients Group diagnosed with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome had higher mechanical ventilation time, more need of non-invasive ventilation, as well as longer intensive care unit and hospital stay.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar tempo de ventilação mecânica, necessidade de uso de ventilação não invasiva, tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e tempo de hospitalização após transplante hepático em cirróticos com e sem diagnóstico de síndrome hepatopulmonar. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectiva com amostra de conveniência composta por 178 pacientes (92 com síndrome hepatopulmonar) com diagnóstico de cirrose por álcool ou pelo vírus da hepatite C. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov e do teste t de Student. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS versão 16.0, e valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significantes. Resultados Dos 178 pacientes, 90 foram transplantados (48 sem síndrome hepatopulmonar). O Grupo com Síndrome Hepatopulmonar apresentou maior tempo de ventilação mecânica (19,5±4,3 horas versus 12,5±3,3 horas; p=0,02), maior necessidade de uso de ventilação não invasiva (12 versus 2; p=0,01), maior permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva (6,7±2,1 dias versus 4,6±1,5 dias; p=0,02) e maior tempo de hospitalização (24,1±4,3 dias versus 20,2±3,9 dias; p=0,01). Conclusão O Grupo com Síndrome Hepatopulmonar apresentou maiores tempo de ventilação mecânica, necessidade de uso de ventilação não invasiva, permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e tempo de hospitalização.

A associação entre capacidade física e probabilidade de internação hospitalar em idosos que vivem na comunidade / La asociación entre la capacidad física y la probabilidad de ingreso hospitalario en ancianos que viven en la comunidad / Association between physical capacity and likelihood of hospitalization in community-living older adults

RESUMO O crescimento da população idosa exige reorganização política, econômica e social, em especial na área da saúde, devido ao impacto sobre esta. A avaliação da Probabilidade de Internação Hospitalar (PIH) é usada como indicador da condição de saúde do idoso. Entretanto, variáveis de capacidade física (CF) ainda não foram associadas com a PIH. Analisou-se a associação entre CF e a PIH de idosos. O estudo realizado foi epidemiológico, transversal e analítico. A seleção da amostra ocorreu de forma aleatória em uma das Equipes de Saúde da Família no bairro Passo d'Areia, no município de Porto Alegre, sendo avaliados 317 idosos com idade ≥ 65 anos. A CF foi avaliada por testes de força de membros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidade e equilíbrio. A PIH foi avaliada pelo instrumento de triagem rápida de Boult. Para análise estatística, a PIH foi ajustada em dois grupos: baixa-média e média alta-alta (MAA) e realizada a análise multivariada de regressão de Poisson. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ≤ 0,05. Nos resultados encontrados, as variáveis físicas que permaneceram associadas à PIH-MAA foram a força de membros inferiores (RP = 1,78; IC 95% = 1,04 - 3,04) e flexibilidade (RP = 2,13; IC 95% = 1,28 - 3,56). Houve associação negativa entre os baixos níveis de força de membro inferior e de flexibilidade com PIH-MAA. A prevalência da PIH-MAA entre indivíduos com força alterada para membros inferiores foi 78% maior em relação àqueles com força normal e 113% entre aqueles com alteração de flexibilidade.

RESUMEN El crecimiento de la población anciana exige reorganización política, económica y social, en especial en el área de la salud, debido al impacto sobre ésta. La evaluación de la Probabilidad de Ingreso Hospitalario (PIH) es usada como indicador de la condición de salud del anciano. Mientras tanto, variables de la capacidad física (CF) todavía no fueron asociadas con la PIH. Se analizó la asociación entre la CF y la PIH de ancianos. El estudio realizado fue epidemiológico, transversal y analítico. La selección de la muestra ocurrió de manera aleatoria en uno de los Equipos de Salud de la Familia en el barrio Passo d'Areia, en el municipio de Porto Alegre, siendo evaluados 317 ancianos con edad ≥ 65 años. La CF fue evaluada por pruebas de fuerza de miembros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidad y equilibrio. La PIH fue evaluada por el instrumento de triaje rápido de Boult. Para el análisis estadístico, la PIH fue ajustada en dos grupos: baja-mediana y mediana alta-alta (MAA) y realizado el análisis multivariado de regresión de Poisson. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de p ≤ 0,05. En los resultados encontrados, las variables físicas que permanecieron asociados a la PIH-MAA fueron la fuerza de miembros inferiores (RP = 1,78; IC el 95% = 1,04 - 3,04) y la -flexibilidad (RP = 2,13; IC el 95% = 1,28 - 3,56). Hubo asociación negativa entre los bajos niveles de fuerza de miembro inferior y de flexibilidad con la PIH-MAA. La prevalencia de la PIH-MAA entre los individuos con la fuerza alterada para los miembros inferiores fue un 78% más grande en relación a los con la fuerza normal y un 113% entre los con alteración de flexibilidad.

ABSTRACT The growth of older population requires political, economic and social rearrangement, particularly in health, considering its impact on this matter. The assessment of Likelihood of Hospitalization (LOH) is used as an indicator for the health condition of older adults. However, variables of physical capacity (PC) have not yet been associated with LOH. Thus, the association between PC and LOH was analyzed. This study was epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical. The sample was randomly selected from one of the Family Health Teams in Passo d'Areia neighborhood, municipality of Porto Alegre. 317 older adults aged ³65 years were evaluated. PC was evaluated by tests of strength, flexibility, and balance on upper and lower limbs. LOH was evaluated with the Boult rapid screening instrument. For the statistical analysis, LOH has been adjusted in two groups: low-medium and medium high-high (MHH), and the Poisson multivariate regression analysis was used. The adopted significance level was p≤0.05. Among the results found, the physical variables that stayed attached to the LOH-MHH were the strength of lower limbs (PR=1.78; 95%CI=1.04 - 3.04) and flexibility (PR=2.13; 95%CI=1.28 - 3.56). There was a negative association between low levels of lower limb strength and flexibility with LOH-MHH. The prevalence of LOH-MHH among individuals with altered strength for the lower limbs was 78% greater when compared with those with normal strength, and it was 113% greater for those with altered flexibility.

Um modelo diferente de brace para a reeducação da marcha hemiparética com genu recurvatum: efeitos sobre a distribuição das pressões plantares / Un modelo distinto de rodillera en la rehabilitación de la marcha hemiparética con genu recurvatum: efectos sobre la distribución de las presiones plantares / A different brace model to retrain hemiparetic gait with genu recurvatum: effects on plantar pressure distribution

RESUMO O modelo de brace desenvolvido consiste em uma joelheira de neoprene que apresenta um balonete inflável posicionado sobre a região poplítea do joelho. Ele proporciona estímulos sobre estruturas articulares, bem como um melhor alinhamento biomecânico durante a fase de apoio da marcha. O objetivo do estudo foi quantificar as alterações e adaptações induzidas pelo treinamento da marcha com a utilização do dispositivo ortótico em pacientes hemiparéticos. Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois com doze pacientes adultos com hemiparesia decorrente de acidente vascular encefálico. Os picos de pressão plantares foram os marcadores utilizados para comparar os três momentos do estudo: na linha de base, quando estivessem utilizando o brace e após o treinamento da marcha. Depois das sessões de reeducação da marcha com auxílio da órtese, a redistribuição das pressões plantares evidenciou aumento na simetria durante a fase de apoio, principalmente pela diminuição da pressão sobre o antepé parético (p=0,024) e pelo aumento no retropé no lado parético (p=0,010). Além disso, essas alterações foram associadas a uma diminuição da pressão sobre todas as regiões do pé não afetado, especialmente no retropé no momento de pós-treinamento. Os resultados do estudo sugerem uma mudança no padrão de marcha dos participantes depois da utilização do brace. Houve maior simetria dos valores dos picos de pressão plantar quando se comparou o lado afetado com o não afetado. O treino com o brace contribui no processo de reabilitação, uma vez que forneceu valores baropodométricos que se aproximaram ao padrão normal de distribuição plantar.

RESUMEN En una rodillera de neoprene se desarrolló un tipo de rodillera ortopédica, que lleva un manguito inflable, puesto en la región poplítea de la rodilla, y que les proporciona estímulos a las estructuras articulares, así como mejora la alienación biomecánica durante la fase de apoyo de la marcha. El propósito del estudio es cuantificar las alteraciones y adaptaciones producidas por el entrenamiento con este dispositivo ortótico en pacientes hemiparéticos. Se trata de un estudio casi experimental de tipo antes y después, del cual participaron doce adultos hemiparéticos debido al accidente cerebrovascular. Se utilizaron como marcadores los picos de presión plantar para comparar tres momentos del estudio: el inicio del estudio; el momento en que utilizaban la rodillera y tras entrenar la marcha. Después de las sesiones de rehabilitación de la marcha con ayuda de la rodillera, en la redistribución de las presiones plantares ocurrió un aumento en la simetría durante la fase de apoyo, principalmente disminución de la presión sobre el antepié parético (p=0,024) y aumento en el retropié en el lado parético (p=0,010). Además, estas alteraciones se las asociaron a la disminución de la presión sobre todas las regiones del pie no alterado, especialmente en el retropié en el momento posterior al tratamiento. Los resultados del estudio muestran un cambio en el patrón de marcha de los participantes después de utilizar este tipo de rodillera. Hubo una mayor simetría de los valores de los picos de presión plantar cuando se comparó el lado alterado con el no alterado. El entrenamiento con este tipo de rodillera ayudó en el proceso de rehabilitación, puesto que presentó valores baropodométricos cerca del patrón prestablecido de distribución plantar.

ABSTRACT The model of brace developed consists of a neoprene kneepad that has an inflatable cuff positioned over the popliteal region of the knee. It provides stimuli on joint structures as well as a better biomechanical alignment during the stance phase of the gait. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes and adaptations induced by gait training with the use of orthotic device in hemiparetic patients. A quasi-experimental before-after study was held with twelve adult patients with hemiparesis due to cerebrovascular accident. The peaks of plantar pressure were the markers used to compare the three moments of the study: the baseline, when they were using the brace, and post-gait training. After the sessions of gait retraining with the orthosis, the redistribution of plantar pressures showed increased symmetry during the stance phase, mainly by reducing the pressure on the paretic forefoot (p=0.024) and by the increase in the rearfoot in the paretic side (p=0.010). In addition, these changes were associated with a decrease in pressure on all regions of the foot not affected, especially in the rearfoot after training. The results of the study suggest a change in the gait pattern of participants after using the brace. There has been greater symmetry of the values of the plantar pressure peaks when the affected side was compared with the nonaffected side. Training with the brace helps in the rehabilitation process, since it provides baropodometric values approaching the normal pattern of plantar distribution.

The Brazilian version of the Constant-Murley Score (CMS-BR): convergent and construct validity, internal consistency, and unidimensionality / Versão brasileira do Constant-Murley Score (CMS-BR): validade convergente e de constructo, consistência interna e unidimensionalidade

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To translate and culturally adapt the CMS and assess the validity of the Brazilian version (CMS-BR). METHODS: The translation was carried out according to the back-translation method by four independent translators. The produced versions were synthesized through extensive analysis and by consensus of an expert committee, reaching a final version used for the cultural adaptation. A field test was conducted with 30 subjects in order to obtain semantic considerations. For the psychometric analyzes, the sample was increased to 110 participants who answered two instruments: CMS-BR and the Disabilities of the Arm, shoulder and Hand (DASH). The CMS-BR and DASH score range from 0 to 100 points. For the first, higher points reflect better function and for the latter, the inverse is true. The validity was verified by Pearson's correlation test, the unidimensionality by factorial analysis, and the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The explained variance was 60.28% with factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.91. The CMS-BR exhibited strong negative correlation with the DASH score (-0.82, p < 0.05), Cronbach's alpha 0.85, and its total score was strongly correlated with the patient's range of motion (0.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The CMS was satisfactorily adapted for Brazilian Portuguese and demonstrated evidence of validity that allows its use in this population.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o Constant-Murley Score (CMS) e verificar a validade da versão brasileira (CMS-BR). MÉTODOS: A tradução foi realizada de acordo com o método de retrotradução por quatro tradutores independentes. As versões produzidas foram sintetizadas por análise extensiva e consenso de um comitê de especialistas, gerando uma versão final usada para a adaptação cultural. Realizou-se um teste em campo com 30 sujeitos para observação de possíveis considerações em relação à semântica. Para a posterior análise psicométrica, ampliou-se a amostra para 110 participantes, que responderam a dois instrumentos: CMS-BR e Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). O CMS-BR e o DASH possuem variação de 0 a 100 pontos. Para o primeiro, altas pontuações refletem melhor função, para o segundo, o contrário. A validade foi verificada através do teste de correlação de Pearson, a dimensionalidade através de análise fatorial e a consistência interna através do alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A variância explicada foi de 60,28% com cargas fatoriais entre 0,60 e 0,91. O CMS-BR demonstrou correlação forte e negativa com o DASH (-0,82, p < 0,05), alfa de Cronbach de 0,85 e seu escore total teve correlação forte com a amplitude de movimento dos pacientes (0,93, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O CMS-BR foi adaptado de forma satisfatória e demonstrou evidências de validade que permitem seu uso nessa população.

Prevalência de incontinência urinária em mulheres praticantes de jump / Prevalence of urinary incontinence in women who practice jump

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida associada a perda urinária em mulheres que praticam jump. Método: A amostra foi composta por 59 mulheres, praticantes de jump há pelo menos 3 meses, com idade entre 20 e 40 anos. Resultados: A média de idade das participantes foi de 29 (± 5,7) anos. O período médio de prática do jump ficou em torno de cinco meses com frequência semanal de três vezes. Houve uma prevalência de 66,1% de incontinência urinária nas mulheres estudadas. Na correlação da qualidade de vida mensurada pelos domínios do King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) com a variável tempo de prática de jump, pode-se observar que houve associação positiva e significativa, pois quanto maior o tempo de prática, pior a percepção geral de saúde (r = 0,340; p < 0,05), maiores as limitações nos desempenhos de tarefas (r = 0,368; p < 0,05) e maior limitação física (r = 0,328; p < 0,05). Através da análise de correlação, também foi possível detectar que a prática de jump por mais de 3 meses, por mulheres que apresentam IU, influencia negativamente na qualidade de vida em relação as que praticavam até 3 meses. Conclusão: Foi identificada elevada prevalência de IU entre mulheres praticantes de jump, no entanto este fator não influenciou negativamente na qualidade de vida entre as mulheres avaliadas. (AU)

Aim: To analyze the quality of life related to urinary loss in women who practice Jump. Method: The sample was composed by 59 women, Jump practicing for at least 3 months, 20 to 40 years old. Results: The average age of the participants was 29 (± 5.7) years old. The average period of jump practice was about five months three times a week. There was a prevalence of 66.1% of urinary incontinence in the studied women. In the correlation of quality of life, measured by the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), with the variable period of jump practice, we can observe that there was a significant and positive association, because the more time spent on practicing, worse self-perceptions of general health (r = 0.340; p < 0.05), more limitations in tasks performance (r = 0.368; p < 0.05) and more physical limitations (r = 0.328; p < 0.05). Also, using correlation analysis, became possible to detect that the jump practice for more than 3 months, by incontinent women, may negatively affect their quality of life in relation to those who practice up to 3 months. Conclusion: It has been identified a high prevalence of UI among women who practice jump, however this factor did not influence negatively in the quality of life among the evaluated women. (AU)