RESUMO
We investigated the relationship between length and dreamlike quality in sleep mentation reports. Reports were obtained by waking subjects at sleep onset (SO) and at 5 and 10 minutes into the second (REMP2) and fourth REM periods (REMP4). Reports were recorded, transcribed, and scored blindly for total word count (TWC) and dreamlike quality as measured by a composite dream scale score (CDS). Dreamlike quality was strongly correlated with TWC; both CDS and TWC scores increased across successively later awakenings. Significant differences were found in both TWC and CDS between SO and REMP4 and also between REMP2 and REMP4; however, differences were not significant between SO and REMP2 or between the 5 and 10 minute awakenings in REMPs 2 and 4. These findings provide further evidence that the amount of dreamlike mentation is related to the within-sleep arousal level rather than to REMP duration and that the dreamlike quality of reports increases as they become longer.
Assuntos
Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Sonhos/psicologia , Narração , Sono REM/fisiologia , Pensamento , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sono/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Methylation has been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric illness. Parenteral S-adenosylmethionine, a methyl group donor, has been shown to be an effective antidepressant. The authors studied the antidepressant effect of oral S-adenosylmethionine in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for 15 inpatients with major depression. The results suggest that oral S-adenosylmethionine is a safe, effective antidepressant with few side effects and a rapid onset of action. S-Adenosylmethionine induced mania in a patient with no history of mania. S-Adenosylmethionine may be useful for patients who cannot tolerate tricyclic anti-depressants. These findings support a role for methylation in the pathophysiology of depression.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , S-Adenosilmetionina/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Masculino , Placebos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , S-Adenosilmetionina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
We assessed scalp-recorded movement related potentials (MRPs) generated prior to voluntary movements in chronic, medicated schizophrenics (n = 9) and age matched normal controls (n = 9). MRPs were recorded in a self-paced button press task in which subjects pressed a button with either their right, left or both thumbs (experimental condition I, II and III respectively). Controls generated a slowly rising readiness potential (RP) at about 1000 ms, a negative shift (NS') at about 450 ms and a motor potential (MP) at about 100 ms prior to movement. The initial MRP components (RP and NS') were reduced in schizophrenics indicating an impairment of the voluntary preparatory process in schizophrenia. Results of the present study indicate a similarity of MRP findings in schizophrenics and reported MRPs (Singh and Knight, 1990) in patients with unilateral lesions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings provide further support for frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia/instrumentação , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador/instrumentação , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Nível de Alerta/efeitos dos fármacos , Atenção/efeitos dos fármacos , Mapeamento Encefálico/instrumentação , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Variação Contingente Negativa/fisiologia , Lobo Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Twenty two young adult subjects (Ss) were monitored for 2 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. Each S was awakened three times per night: at sleep onset and during the second (REMP2) and fourth (REMP4) REM periods. Length of time in each REMP prior to awakening was either 5 or 10 min, counterbalanced on successive nights. Sleep mentation reports were obtained by standardized interview and scored for total word count (TWC). TWC after 5 min of prior REM sleep did not differ significantly from TWC after 10 min of prior REM sleep. However, mean TWC from REMP4 awakenings was almost twice that from REMP2 awakenings. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the amount of recall from experimental REM awakenings depends on central arousal level and its effects on mnemonic processes.