Conjunctival flora and their antibiotic susceptibility in patients undergoing penetrating intraocular surgeries / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To determine the spectrum of conjunctival flora and the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of patients scheduled for penetrating intraocular surgeries.Methods A prospective case control study was performed.A total of 192 patients (192 eyes) scheduled for penetrating intraocular surgeries at the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang from February to August 2015 were enrolled.Samples from the conjunctival sac were collected before instillation of any ophthalmic solutions for both aerobic and anaerobic culture.The positive rate and bacterial spectrum were observed.Bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility to 7 commonly used ophthalmic antibiotics using automated drug resistance analyzing system.The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang.Results Totally 91 strains were collected from 81 conjunctival samples during aerobic culture,the positive rate was 42.19％.Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common microorganism (64.84％),followed by Staphylococcus lentus (7.69％) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.30％).Coagulatase negtive Staphylococcus (CNS) accounted for 80.22％ of the positively cultured aerobes.For anaerobic culture,a total of 28 strains were isolated from 28 conjunctival samples,the positive rate was 14.58％ Propionibacterium acnes was the predominant species (71.43％),followed by Finegoldia magna (10.71％).Majority of the CNS were sensitive to gentamycin and vancomycin,with resistance rates lower than 10％,but their resistance rate to erythromycin and ceftazidime was 87.67％ and 63.01％,respectively.Resistance rate of these CNS to levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and moxifloxacin was 42.47％,39.73％ and 17.81％,respectively.Multidrug resistance to at least 3 antibiotic classes was present in 38.36％ of the CNS.Conclusions Bacteria in the conjunctiva sac of preoperative patients are resistant to various ophthalmic antibiotics.To follow-up the bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance is great meaningful in the prophylactic and treatment in ocular surgery-related infections.

Feasibility and effectiveness of a health examination center-based opportunistic eye diseases screening / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Blindness and low vision represent significant public health issues in China.Late diagnosis is the major reason for the irreversible vision impairment.A feasible,cost-effective screening and referral program is very important for the eye health care,prevention and treatment of blindness in China.Objective This study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a health examination center-based opportunistic eye disease screening program.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.Subjects undergoing a routine physical examination at the health examination center of the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang were invited to attend this program.Presenting visual acuity,intraocular pressure,and nonmydriatic fundus photography were obtained.Optic diso photographs were evaluated independently by two ophthalmologists.Blindness and moderate to severe vision impairment were defined based on the criteria of World Health Organization Visual Impairment Classification in 2009.Glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other suspected eye diseases were diagnosed according to the fundus photography and intraocular pressure.This study was approved by Ethic Committe of the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang,the informed consent of each subject was obtained.Results Totally,15 303 subjects were enrolled and 15 197 of them finished the exanimations,giving a response rate of 99.3％.The overall percentage of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment was 0.08％ (12/15 197) and 2.34％ (355/15 197).Two hundred and twenty-eight (1.50％) subjects were defined as glaucoma suspects and 80 individuals (0.53％) were diagnosed as epimacular membrane.Other suspected eye diseases included DR (0.41％),branchial retinal vessel occlusion (0.24％),macular degeneration (0.09 ％),and macular hole (0.06％).More than 95 ％ of the eye disease suspects have never been previously diagnosed or treated.A total of 358 subjects (2.36％) were defined as ocular hypertension suspects.Conclusions This health examination center-based opportunistic eye disease screening shows a good efficiency and feasibility.It may become an optional program in the national eye health care project,as well as the work of prevention and treatment of blindness.

The studying of fosinopril combined with fenofibrate on the preventing of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic mice / 天津医药

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of the Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate on the prevent?ing of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A total of 150 viripotent ICR mice(100 male mice, 50 female mice) were randomly di?vided into five groups(n=30), including A group (Sham group), B group (Model group), C group [Fosinopril prevented group, 20 mg/(kg·d)], D group [Fenofibrate prevented group, 400 mg/(kg·d)] and E group (Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate pre?vented group). The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 gene mRNA were determined by RT-PCR method. TUNEL staining method was used to detect the apoptosisi of retinal cells. Results The Bcl-2 mRNA of A group, Bax mRNA of B group were higher than those of other four groups. Bcl-2 mRNA of E group was higher than that of C group and D group, while the Bax mRNA was lower than those of two groups(all P<0.05). The TUNEL index of B group was the highest than other groups, which of E group

Clearance of insoluble depleted uranium particles in lungs by citric acid and ambroxol / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the effect of citric acid and ambroxol on clearing insoluble particles of depleted uranium in rat lungs by establishing a tracheal perfusion model.Methods One hundred and fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into model exposure group, normal control group(NC group), depleted uranium exposure group(DU), citric acid treatment group( CA) , ambroxol treatment group( AM) and citric acid+ambroxol treatment group( CA+AM) . The rats were sacrificed on 7, 15 and 30 days.Uranium content in the lungs was detected by microwave digestion method, pathological changes in the lungs were observed, and inflammatory factors of lung homogenates were detected.Results Compared to DU control group, the intrapulmonary uranium deposit amount in experimental groups was significantly reduced on 7 and 15 days (P<0.05).HE stained lung tissue showed that the pathological changes in treatment groups were less significant than in DU control group.The level of IL-1α,IL-1β,and IL-2 was significantly lower than in DU control, but the level of MCP-1 and MIP-1 was observably higher.Conclusion Citric acid and ambroxol can evidently improve the clear-ance of lung uranium and reduce damnification of lung tissues.Drug treatment can reduce the level of pulmonary inflamma-tory cytokines alleviate the chronic inflammation in the lungs, and enhance the capacity of macrophage to recruitment.