[Ganglioside and carcinoembryonic antigens in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Gangliozidnyi i rakovo-émbrional'nyi antigeny v diagnostike zlokachestvennykh opukholei zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

Radioimmunologic procedures were used in a comparative assay of ganglioside and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the blood plasma of patients with benign and malignant lesions at different sites. Measurements of ganglioside antigen level proved to be an efficient test for differentiating between benign and malignant tumors of the pancreas. However, it cannot be used as an aid to carcinoembryonic antigen test for detection of stomach and rectal cancers or their recurrences and metastases into the liver.

[The diagnostic information value of determining tumor-associated antigen Ca-19-9 in pancreatic cancer]. / Diagnosticheskaia informativnost' opredeleniia opukholeassotsiirovannogo antigena Ca-19-9 pri rake podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

Clinical utility of radioimmunologic assessment of blood tumor-associated CA-19-9 antigen level was evaluated in 225 cases of various biliopancreatoduodenal pathology. The levels exceeded the discriminating value of 40 U/ml in 96.4% of patients with pancreatic cancer (mean - 641.7 U/ml), specifically, in those radically operated on for tumors 3 cm in diameter or larger. Application of this noninvasive method for screening for resectable pancreatic carcinoma is justified.

[Ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer]. / Ul'trazvukovaia tomografiia v diagnostike raka podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

The results of an ultrasonic tomographic study of 77 patients are presented. Cancer of the pancreas was identified in 50 patients. The diagnosis was verified by a complex examination and surgical evidence. The histological pattern of tumor was identified in 28 cases. The diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was confirmed by ultrasonic tomography in 42 cases, the sensitivity of the procedure being 88%, specificity-81%. In cases of chronic pancreatitis, the sensitivity proved 70%, thus requiring a complex approach to differential diagnosis between the two pathologies.

[Sex steroid hormone receptors in cancer of the pancreas]. / Retseptory polovykh steroidnykh gormonov pri rake podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

Samples of tumor tissue from 11 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were studied for cytoplasmic receptors of androgens and estrogens. Androgen receptors were identified in most tumors suggesting hormone-dependent nature of pancreatic cancer. Application of antiandrogens for pancreatic cancer treatment is discussed.

[The combined treatment of locally disseminated pancreatic cancer using cryosurgery]. / Kombinirovannoe lechenie mestno-rasprostranennogo raka podzheludochnoi zhelezy s ispol'zovaniem kriokhirurgii.

Experimental cryodestruction of the pancreas performed in 40 dogs served as a basis for selecting the temperature regimen, exposure time and extent of treatment to be subsequently used in man. Cryodestruction and combined cryoradiotherapy were employed in 30 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The procedure proved effective as it assured alleviation of pain, improvement in performance status and an increase in survival. CA-19-9 level and T-lymphocyte count were followed. These markers may be used to predict progression of pancreatic cancer.

[Current approaches to treatment of urinary bladder cancer]. / Sovremennye podkhody k lecheniiu raka mochevogo puzyria.

The study included 30 patients with surface cancer of the urinary bladder stage TA-T1 G1-3. As the first step of the treatment, all the patients were operated with removal of the tumor then the patients were randomized to postoperative intravesicular immunotherapy with ronkoleucine in single doses 500,000 IU (15 patients of group 1) or 1,000,000 IU (15 patients of group 2). It was found that group 2 patients had recurrences much less frequently (26.7 vs 66.7%, respectively). With higher degrees of differentiation of the tumor cells recurrences occurred more frequently in both groups. Group 2 patients developed recurrences significantly less frequently in G1 and G2 (22.2%). In G3 all the patients had recurrences. Intravesicular administration of ronkoleukine raised absolute number of CD3 and CD4 subpopulations during the treatment and after it as well as raised concentration of TNF. The levels of the latter in the urine rose after the end of each immunoprophylaxis course. Intravesicular use of ronkoleukine entailed no specific toxic reactions. Thus, intravesicular prophylactic immunotherapy of recurrent surface cancer of the urinary bladder with ronkoleukine in a single dose 1,000,000 IU is effective prevention in patients with high (G1) and moderate (G2) grade of tumor cell differentiation. The single dose 500,000 IU is uneffective. A rise in subpopulations CD3, CD4 and TNF cytokine in the urine evidences for systemic activation of the immunity.

[Ultrasonographically-controlled percutaneous puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas]. / Chreskozhnaia punktsionnaia biopsiia pod kontrolem ul'trazvuka v diagnostike raka podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

The article deals with the method and results of ultrasonically-guided fine needle percutaneous biopsy performed in 45 patients for differential diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas. Thirty-four patients had tumors of the pancreas, 10--chronic indurative pancreatitis, one patient had a cyst. The diagnosis was verified morphologically in 34 patients: in 25 of 31 patients with primary tumors of the pancreas and in 9 of 11 patients with chronic pancreatitis and a cyst. The method is safe, highly informative and allows the character and nature of the pancreatic tumor to be determined precisely and the tactics of special treatment to be thus elaborated.

[Computerized tomography in the differential diagnosis of cancer of the body and tail of the pancreas]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia v differentsial'noi diagnostike raka tel i khvosta podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

Computer tomography with the 3d generation apparatus was used for the examination of 35 patients. It was shown that the method could detect tumors as little as 2 cm and make topical diagnosis. Main topographic symptoms of tumors of the gland and of other diseases are described.