Development and External Validation of Survival Prediction Model for Pancreatic Cancer Using Two Nationwide Databases: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and Korea Tumor Registry System-Biliary Pancreas (KOTUS-BP)

Background/Aims@#Several prediction models for evaluating the prognosis of nonmetastatic resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been developed, and their performances were reported to be superior to that of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. We developed a prediction model to evaluate the prognosis of resected PDAC and externally validated it with data from a nationwide Korean database. @*Methods@#Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were utilized for model development, and data from the Korea Tumor Registry System-Biliary Pancreas (KOTUS-BP) database were used for external validation. Potential candidate variables for model development were age, sex, histologic differentiation, tumor location, adjuvant chemotherapy, and the AJCC 8th staging system T and N stages. For external validation, the concordance index (C-index) and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were evaluated. @*Results@#Between 2004 and 2016, data from 9,624 patients were utilized for model development, and data from 3,282 patients were used for external validation. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, age, sex, tumor location, T and N stages, histologic differentiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for resected PDAC. After an exhaustive search and 10-fold cross validation, the best model was finally developed, which included all prognostic variables. The C-index, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year time-dependent AUCs were 0.628, 0.650, 0.665, 0.675, and 0.686, respectively. @*Conclusions@#The survival prediction model for resected PDAC could provide quantitative survival probabilities with reliable performance. External validation studies with other nationwide databases are needed to evaluate the performance of this model.

Current Status of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in Daejeon and Chungcheong Province: Early Experiences after Public Medical Insurance Coverage in 2019

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the current status of bariatric and metabolic surgery in Daejeon and Chungcheong province and to describe the early experiences after public medical insurance coverage in 2019. @*Materials and Methods@#Between January 2019 and August 2019, 64 cases of bariatric and metabolic surgery were performed in patients with morbid obesity or uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. We prospectively collected and analyzed data regarding the patients’ demographics and comorbidities, surgical results, and early complications. The patient information before and after the insurance coverage was also compared. @*Results@#The number of surgeries in 9 years has been caught up only in the last 8 months after insurance coverage (58 vs. 64 patients). The mean body mass index was 37.7±5.8 kg/m2 (range, 22.7-52.1 kg/m2). The most frequently performed surgery was sleeve gastrectomy (53 cases, 82.8%), followed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (9 cases, 14.1%), and adjustable gastric banding (2 cases, 3.1%). Postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients (9.4%), and there was no mortality. The mean operation time (225.3±85.4 vs. 156.1±61.8 min, P＜0.001) and postoperative stay (5.9±4.5 vs. 4.3±2.0 days, P=0.013) after the insurance coverage were significantly shorter than those before the insurance coverage. @*Conclusion@#We could assess the patients who had bariatric and metabolic surgery in Daejeon and Chungcheong province after public medical insurance coverage in 2019.

Appropriate Hospital Discharge Timing after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Comparison of Postoperative Day 1 vs. Day 2 Discharge Protocol

PURPOSE: The critical pathway (CP) was introduced as a means to provide quality healthcare service in many fields of surgery. CP may increase the patient's satisfaction rate and lowering hospital stay and medical cost also. We aimed to compare the two kinds of CP applied in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients by different hospital stay length. METHODS: From March 2016 to October 2016, 71 patients were enrolled in this analysis among 241 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into two groups, 38 patients in the 1-day CP group and 33 patients in the 2-day CP group. In a retrospective review, surgical outcomes and related hospital costs were analyzed. RESULTS: Preoperative characteristics were not different between two CP groups. In analysis of operative outcome, 2-day CP group showed longer operative time than 1-day CP (73.4 vs 54.1 min, p<0.001); otherwise, there was no significant difference in frequency of postop complications (6.1% vs 2.6%, p=0.474), numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score (1.82 vs 2.16, p=0.052), and count of analgesics injection (0.12 vs 0.16, p=0.754). Total admission cost and actual patient's expenditures were higher in 2-day CP group, but there was no statistically significant difference (347.04 vs 306.69×104 won, p=0.106; 147.85 vs 125.58×104 won, p=0.276). CONCLUSION: The length of hospital stay was shortened in 1-day CP group than in 2-day CP group, while there was no difference in other parameters. Therefore, it is feasible and safe practical policy the use 1-day CP in selected patients who undergo cholecystectomy according to our results.

Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Program and National Health Insurance System in Korea

Since the first laparoscopic bariatric surgery in Korea introduced in January 2003, the number of metabolic and bariatric surgery has been steadily increasing. According to the report from National Health Insurance big data analysis, the prevalence of morbid and super obesity has greatly increased and metabolic and bariatric surgery also increased in the last 10 years. As the incidence of morbid obesity is more frequent in people of poor socioeconomic status, the need for a reimbursement by the government seemed to be necessary. Finally, the national health insurance system decided to financially cover metabolic and bariatric surgery from January 2019. In order to improve the safety and qualify of metabolic and bariatric surgery, the Korean Society for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (KSMBS) introduced surgeon's and institution's accreditation system. The authors intend to introduce comprehensive overview of accreditation system of bariatric surgery and discuss the contents of national health insurance for metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Long-term effect of bariatric surgery versus conventional therapy in obese Korean patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

PURPOSE: Long-term results following bariatric surgery compared to conventional treatments has never been reported in morbidly obese Korean patients. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery in morbidly obese Korean patients compared to conventional medical treatments. METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we reviewed 137 obese subjects between January 2008 and February 2011 with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 who had more than 5 years of follow-up clinical data after bariatric surgery (surgery group, n = 49) or conventional treatment (conventional treatment group, n = 88). Anthropometric data and the status of comorbidities were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 72.1 months (range 19.3–109.7 months). At the last follow-up, the surgery group showed a greater amount of total weight loss than the conventional treatment group (24.9% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension significantly decreased in the surgery group, while the conventional treatment group showed a marked increase in these comorbidities. In the surgery group, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy achieved comparable long-term weight loss (26.5% vs. 22.4%, respectively; P = 0.087). CONCLUSION: In the long-term, bariatric surgery achieved and maintained significantly greater weight reduction, as well as a decrease in obesity-related comorbidities, than did conventional medical therapy in morbidly obese Korean patients.

Everolimus Plus Ku0063794 Regimen Promotes Anticancer Effects against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through the Paradoxical Inhibition of Autophagy / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Everolimus only inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), whereas Ku0063794 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Although they have similar anticancer effects, their combination has a synergistic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the synergistic effects of everolimus and Ku0063794 associated with autophagy in HCC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the effects of everolimus and Ku0063794, individually or in combination, on both the in vitro and in vivo models of HCCs. RESULTS: HepG2 cells treated with both agents had significantly lower rates of cell proliferation and higher apoptosis than the individual monotherapies (p < 0.05). Autophagic studies consistently indicated that, unlike the monotherapies, the combination therapy significantly reduced autophagy (p < 0.05). Autophagic blockage directly promoted the pro-apoptotic effects of combination therapy, suggesting autophagy as the survival mechanism of HCC cells. Unlike the monotherapies, combination therapy showed the potential to inhibit sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the positive regulator of autophagy. SIRT1 overexpression abrogated the autophagy-inhibiting and pro-apoptotic effects of combination therapy. In a nude mouse xenograft model, the shrinkage of tumors was more prominent in mice treated with combination therapy than in mice treated with the respective monotherapies (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence stains of the tumor obtained from the xenograft model showed that combination therapy had the potential of reducing autophagy and promoting apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The combination of everolimus and Ku0063794 potentiates anticancer effects on HCCs through a decrease in autophagy, which is prompted by SIRT1 downregulation.

Current Status of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Daejeon/Chungcheong Area

PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to investigate the current status of metabolic and bariatric surgery in Daejeon and Chungcheong province and examine the role and necessity of the community research society. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 58 patients who underwent bariatric and metabolic surgery from January 2010 to June 2018 were included. Patients' demographics and comorbidities, operation type and early complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age was 36.9±11.4 (range, 18–64) years, and mean preoperative body mass index was 39.2±6.9 (range, 24.6–56.1) kg/m². The most frequently performed operation was sleeve gastrectomy (48 cases, 82.8%), followed by adjustable gastric banding (8 cases, 13.8%) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (2 cases, 3.4%). Postoperative complications were reported in two patients; however, no mortality was reported. CONCLUSION: We investigated the patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery in Daejeon Chungcheong province. Our research society will continue to ensure safe operation and proper management of morbidly obese patients in our community.

2014–2017 Nationwide Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Report in Korea

PURPOSE: The information committee of the Korean Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (KSMBS) performed the nationwide survey of bariatric and metabolic operations to report IFSO (International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders) worldwide survey annually. This study aimed to report the trends of bariatric and metabolic surgery in Korea in 2014–2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the accumulated nationwide survey data conducted for annual ISFO survey from 2014 to 2017. Trends such as the number of operations by hospital type and the number of operations by surgical method were analyzed. RESULTS: The number of operations has decreased sharply in 2015 comparing to 2014 (913⇒550). The number of operations performed in private hospitals dropped sharply from 529 to 250, 198, and 103 cases. The number of revisional surgeries increased to 223 in 2015. The primary surgery number fell from 757 in 2014 to 327 in 2015. In primary surgery, sleeve gastrectomy was gradually increased from 2014 to 143 (18.9%), 105 (32.1%), 167 (47.2%) and 200 (56.3%) and became the most frequently performed surgery. On the other hand, the incidence of adjustable gastric band decreased gradually from 439 (58.0%) to 117 (35.8%), 112 (31.6%) and 59 (16.6%). CONCLUSION: The overall number of obesity metabolic operations has decreased since 2014, especially the number of adjustable gastric band, and the number of operations in private hospitals declined sharply. On the other hand, the number of operations in university hospitals did not change much, and the number of sleeve gastrectomy increased.

Drop metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy

No abstract available.

Does Korea's current diagnosis-related group-based reimbursement system appropriately classify appendectomy patients?

PURPOSE: As several years have passed since the implementation of the Korean diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment system for appendicitis, its early outcomes should be assessed to determine if further improvements are warranted. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from Korean patients who underwent appendectomy, dividing the sample into 2 groups of those who received services before and after implementation of the DRG system. Based on the DRG code classification, patient data were collected including the amount of DRG reimbursement and the total in-patient costs. We subsequently performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent factors contributing to higher total in-patient cost. RESULTS: Although implementation of the DRG system for appendicitis significantly reduced postoperative length of stay (2.8 ± 1.0 days vs. 3.4 ± 1.9 days, P 70 years) have greater comorbidities, which contribute to higher inpatient costs. Thus, our study suggests that patient age be considered as a DRG classification variable.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs. Sleeve Gastrectomy vs. Gastric Banding: The First Multicenter Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study in Obese Korean Patients

PURPOSE: Bariatric surgery is relatively new in Korea, and studies comparing different bariatric procedures in Koreans are lacking. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) for treating morbidly obese Korean adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the medical records of 261 obese patients who underwent different bariatric procedures. Clinical outcomes were measured in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Safety profiles for the procedures were also evaluated. RESULTS: In terms of weight loss, the three procedures showed similar results at 18 months (weight loss in 52.1% for SG, 61.0% for LAGB, and 69.2% for RYGB). Remission of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was more frequent in patients who underwent RYGB (65.9%, 63.6%, and 100% of patients, respectively). Safety profiles were similar among groups. Early complications occurred in 26 patients (9.9%) and late complications in 32 (12.3%). In the LAGB group, five bands (6.9%) were removed. Among all patients, one death (1/261=0.38%) occurred in the RYGB group due to aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The three bariatric procedures were comparable in regards to weight-loss outcomes; nevertheless, RYGB showed a higher rate of comorbidity resolution. Bariatric surgery is effective and relatively safe; however, due to complications, some bands had to be removed in the LAGB group and a relatively high rate of reoperations was observed in the RYGB group.

Current Status of Laparoscopic Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery in Korea

Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment modality for treatment of obesity and related comorbid conditions. Bariatric surgery was introduced in the early 1950s. However, the bariatric "revolution" occurred during the late 1990s and early 2000s, which led to an exponential increase of bariatric procedures performed. This phenomenon occurred because of three events: the rapid increase of obesity rate, the introduction of laparoscopic technique, and the role of the mass media, including the internet. In Korea, surgery for obesity started in Jan. 2003 when the first laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed by Won Woo Kim (from The Catholic University of Korea). During the same year, laparoscopic gastric bypass was performed by several surgeons at 3 different institutions. Seung Ho Choi from Yonsei University, Eung Kook Kim and Sang Kuon Lee from The Catholic University of Korea, and Kyung Yul Hur (mini-gastric bypass) from Hansol Hospital performed gastric bypass laparoscopically. The next year, LAP-BAND(R) device was approved by KFDA and the first laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding was performed by Eung Kook Kim and Sang Kuon Lee from The Catholic University of Korea in Aug. 2004. In 2009, a new procedure, the duodenojejunal bypass, was first introduced in Korea, mainly for metabolic purpose. This procedure was performed by three surgeons in three different institutions, Eung Kook Kim from The Catholic University of Korea, Seung Ho Choi from Yonsei University, and Yoon Seok Heo from Inha University. In 2011, the first robotic-assisted gastric bypass was performed by Do Joong Park from Seoul National University. In 2009, the Korean Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (KSMBS) was founded and in 2012, it became an official member of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO).

Validation of the Korean version Moorehead-Ardelt quality of life questionnaire II

PURPOSE: To investigate the weight loss effects with higher sensitivity, disease specific quality of life (QoL) instruments were important. The Moorehead-Ardelt quality of life questionnaire II (MA-II) is widely used, because it was simple and validated the several languages. The aims of present study was performed the translation of MA-II Korean version and the validation compared with EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), obesity-related problems scale (OP-scale), and impact of weight quality of life-lite (IWQoL-Lite). METHODS: The study design was a multicenter, cross-sectional survey and this study was included the postoperative patients. The validation procedure is translation-back translation procedure, pilot study, and field study. The instruments of measuring QoL included the MA-II, EQ-5D, OP-scale, and IWQoL-lite. The reliability was checked through internal consistency using Cronbach alpha coefficients. The construct validity was assessed the Spearman rank correlation between 6 domains of MA-II and EQ-5D, OP-scale, and 5 domains of IWQoL-Lite. RESULTS: The Cronbach alpha of MA-II was 0.763, so the internal consistency was confirmed. The total score of MA-II was significantly correlated with all other instruments; EQ-5D, OP-scale, and IWQoL-Lite. IWQoL-lite (rho = 0.623, P < 0.001) was showed the strongest correlation compared with MA-II, followed by OP-scale (rho = 0.588, P < 0.001) and EQ-5D (rho = 0.378, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The Korean version MA-II was valid instrument of measuring the obesity-specific QoL. Through the present study, the MA-II was confirmed to have good reliability and validity and it was also answered simple for investigating. Thus, MA-II could be estimated sensitive and exact QoL in obesity patients.

Clinical Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

PURPOSE: A laparoscopic approach, rather than conventional laparotomy, is the well-accepted first choice for excision of an adrenal or perinephric retroperitoneal mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affect surgical outcomes and analyze the clinical effectiveness of this surgical treatment modality. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomies from September 2007 to February 2013. These operations were performed by a single surgeon. Demographic characteristics, operative data, tumor characteristics, and surgical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 62 patients, 21 were men and 41 were women. The mean operative time was 151.16+/-48.58 minutes and the mean amount of blood loss was 179.51+/-161.66 ml. There were two cases of metastatic adrenal tumors that were resected completely with prolonged survival. There was one case of recurrence during the postoperative period. Preoperatively, it was only a tumor measuring 3.5 cm without evidence of malignancy. Postoperative complications occurred in three patients. However, there was no case of conversion to laparotomy. Previous history of open abdominal operation did not affect post-operative outcomes. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic approach for adrenal tumors is indicated regardless of its type or past history of abdominal surgery. Unless greater than 10 cm, relatively large tumors can be safely removed using this method. In particular, due to the possibility of malignant potential, aggressive surgical intervention is recommended for tumors measuring between 3 and 5 cm. Use of a laparoscopic approach is associated with low risk of surgical complication and the benefits outweigh the disadvantages.

Single-port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Comparative Study of Consecutive Initial 206 Cases

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the standard of care for gallbladder diseases since the late 1980s. Many surgeons have rapidly adopted single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder pathologies. The aim of the current study was to analyze clinical outcome in initial single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Analysis of data from 206 consecutive single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed between May 2008 and Jun 2012 was conducted retrospectively. We divided the patients into four groups according to surgery period - period I (n=56), II (n=50), III (n=50), and IV (n=50), consecutively. During each procedure only one longitudinal transumbilical incision, 1.5 to 2.0 cm in length, was made in order to access the abdominal cavity. One of the various single-port trocars was used for the procedure. Standard laparoscopic instruments were used in performance of cholecystectomy. RESULTS: Patients' demographics did not differ among the groups. Of the 14 cases that were converted to conventional laparoscopic surgery, seven were part of period I, one of II, five of III, and one of IV. Mean operation time for single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in each group was 71.6, 58.2, 69.1, and 53.3 minutes, in order. There were two operative complications in period I, which were managed successfully with laparoscopic surgery. No statistical difference in hospital stay was observed among the groups. CONCLUSION: Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely for various gallbladder lesions in selected cases, and the operation time improved with accumulation of cases.

Bariatric surgery versus conventional therapy in obese Korea patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study / 대한외과학회지

PURPOSE: In Korea, the results of bariatric surgery have not been compared with those of nonsurgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bariatric surgery vs. conventional nonsurgical treatment in severely obese Koreans. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the medical charts of 261 consecutive subjects who underwent bariatric surgery and 224 subjects who were treated with weight control medication and lifestyle modification therapy between January 2008 and February 2011. Measures of clinical effectiveness, including change in weight (%) and comorbid diseases, and occurrence of complications, were investigated for 18 months after bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) was higher in the surgery group than in the conventionally treated group (mean +/- standard deviation, 39.0 +/- 6.2 vs. 34.3 +/- 3.8). Diabetes was more prevalent in the surgery group than in the conventionally treated group (39.1% vs. 12.9%). The change in weight (%) between baseline and 18 months posttreatment was significantly greater in the surgery group (22.6%) than in the conventional therapy group (6.7%). While 57%, 47%, and 84% of subjects recovered from diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, respectively, in the surgery group, 10%, 20%, and 24% of subjects recovered from these conditions in the conventional group. Fifty-one subjects (19.5%) in the surgery group reported 61 complications (23.4%). CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery in Korea was significantly more effective than conventional treatment for weight loss and recovery from comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, with a reasonable complication rate.

Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Body Weight, Ghrelin and PYY(3-36) in Diet-induced Obese Rats

PURPOSE: Obesity is considered an epidemic worldwide. Nonsurgical treatment such as dietary, physical and pharmacological therapies have limited success and thus, bariatric surgery is the ultimate option. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a bariatric procedure, which is a restrictive and malabsorptive procedure simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to develop surgical rat models of bariatric surgery and analyze the effect of gastric bypass on body weight, ghrelin and polypeptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)) changes in rats. METHODS: RYGB, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and sham operation were performed in diet-induced obese rats and compared to obese control and normal control rats. RESULTS: In RYGB group, 20.7+/-8.56% of weight loss was achieved on postoperative day 18 and maintained thereafter. This outcome was significant compared to SG (8.8+/-1.82%) and sham operated (6.2+/-2.45%) groups. When pre- and postoperative ghrelin levels were compared, there was a significant decrease in RYGB group (P<0.028); nonetheless, there was no difference in SG and sham operated groups. When pre- and postoperative PYY(3-36) levels were compared, there was a significant increase in RYGB (P<0.028), SG (P<0.031) and sham operated (P<0.031) groups. CONCLUSION: We developed surgical rat models of RYGB and SG. Those rats that underwent RYGB lost significant body weight and maintained the weight thereafter. The decrease in ghrelin and increase in PYY(3-36) may be associated with loss of appetite and delay in intestinal transit time with subsequent weight loss maintenance. In the future, this rat model would serve as a tool for further study on endocrine regulation of obesity.

Robot-assisted Excision of a Huge Choledochal Cyst and Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy using the da Vinci(TM) Surgical System / 대한내시경복강경외과학회지

Choledochal cysts are cystic dilatations of the extrahepatic biliary tree, the intrahepatic bile ducts or both. Because they can develop malignant components, the principle treatment is total excision of the cyst with biliary-enteric reconstruction, and this has been attempted with using minimally invasive techniques. But most reports have uniformly emphasized the technical challenge of laparoscopically correcting a choledochal cyst because of the restricted movements of the laparoscopic equipment. On the other hand, a robotic surgical system with three-dimensional visualization, tremor reduction, motion scaling and wristed instrumentation was introduced in the recent years. Herein, we present a case of the robotic approach to a huge choledochal cyst in an adult.

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication in Korean Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

PURPOSE: Although the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is relatively low in Korean population, the number is increasing. The aim of this study is to analyze our experience with laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From Sep. 2003 to Mar. 2008, 31 adult Korean patients diagnosed with GERD underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. A 360degrees fundoplication was carried out in all patients. RESULTS: There were 19 males and 12 females with an average age of 46.8 +/- 17.0 years. Typical symptoms were present in 15 (48%) of patients, and atypical symptoms in 16 (51.6%). Both typical and atypical symptoms were present in 4 of patients (12.9%). Preoperative studies showed hiatal hernias in 13 patients (41.9%), Barrett's esophagus in 10 (32.3%), and reflux esophagitis in 18 (58.1%). Mean DeMeester score was 17.4 +/- 16.7, mean operative time 206.1 +/- 47.8 min and mean hospital stay 5.2 +/- 2.1 days. Perioperative complications occurred in 5 patients (16.1%), including gastric perforation, subcutaneous emphysema, atelectasis, and prolonged ileus. Gastroesophageal junction stenoses with subsequent endoscopic balloon dilations were required in 5 patients (16.1%). After surgery, symptoms were completely controlled in 17 patients (54.8%), partially improved in 12 patients (38.7%) and not controlled in 2 patients (6.5%). CONCLUSION: In our series, 93.5% of patients had either complete or partial remission of symptom after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Atypical symptoms were more predominant in our Korean patients. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is an efficacious method of controlling symptoms of GERD, even for those who have atypical symptoms.

Initial Experience with Bariatric Surgery in Korea: 120 Cases (LRYGB and LAGB) / 대한내시경복강경외과학회지

PURPOSE: Obesity has become a global epidemic disease, and bariatric surgery is now being increasingly performed in Korea as well as in western countries. Bariatric surgery has been performed in Korea since 2003. However, there is no data on cases of Korean bariatric surgery regarding the weight loss as well as the factors associated with the surgical outcome. METHODS: 120 total cases of bariatric surgery [LRYGB=48, LAGB=72] were done at St. Mary's Hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the series of bariatric cases and we analyzed the surgical outcome, the complications and the clinical factors associated with the surgical outcomes. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, BMI and pre-existing comorbidities for both procedures. The percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) of the LRYGB at 6, 12 and 24 months was 63.8%, 73.7% and 87.5%, respectively, and the %EWL of the LAGB was 33.4%, 44.7% and 43.8%, respectively. Factors such age and gender were not associated with the surgical outcome. Yet the initial BMI tended to affect the surgical outcome. CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that LRYGB and LAGB are technically feasible and safe procedures. Both are quite satisfactory and promising procedures for loosing a significant amount of weight.