Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia in Obese Individuals Undergoing Physical Stress Echocardiography (PSE).

BACKGROUND: Physical stress echocardiography is an established methodology for diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease in patients with physical capacity. In obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) the usefulness of pharmacological stress echocardiography has been demonstrated; however, has not been reported the use of physical stress echocardiography in this growing population group. OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of myocardial ischemia in obese and non-obese patients undergoing physical stress echocardiography and compare their clinical and echocardiographic differences. METHODS: 4,050 patients who underwent treadmill physical stress echocardiography were studied according to the Bruce protocol, divided into two groups: obese (n = 945; 23.3%) and non-obese (n = 3,105; 76.6%). RESULTS: There was no difference regarding gender. Obese patients were younger (55.4 ± 10.9 vs. 57.56 ± 11.67) and had a higher frequency of hypertension (75.2% vs. 57, 2%; p < 0.0001), diabetis mellitus (15.2% vs. 10.9%; p < 0.0001), dyslipidemia (59.5% vs 51.9%; p < 0.0001), family history of coronary artery disease (59.3% vs. 55.1%; p = 0.023) and physical inactivity (71.4% vs. 52.9%, p < 0.0001). The obese had greater aortic dimensions (3.27 vs. 3.14 cm; p < 0.0001), left atrium (3.97 vs. 3.72 cm; p < 0.0001) and the relative thickness of the ventricule (33.7 vs. 32.8 cm; p < 0.0001). Regarding the presence of myocardial ischemia, there was no difference between groups (19% vs. 17.9%; p = 0.41). In adjusted logistic regression, the presence of myocardial ischemia remained independently associated with age, female gender, diabetes and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Obesity did not behave as a predictor of the presence of ischemia and the physical stress echocardiography. The application of this assessment tool in large scale sample demonstrates the feasibility of the methodology, also in obese.

Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia in Obese Individuals Undergoing Physical Stress Echocardiography (PSE) / Avaliação da Isquemia Miocárdica em Obesos Submetidos à Ecocardiografia sob Estresse Físico

Background: Physical stress echocardiography is an established methodology for diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease in patients with physical capacity. In obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) the usefulness of pharmacological stress echocardiography has been demonstrated; however, has not been reported the use of physical stress echocardiography in this growing population group. Objective: To assess the frequency of myocardial ischemia in obese and non-obese patients undergoing physical stress echocardiography and compare their clinical and echocardiographic differences. Methods: 4,050 patients who underwent treadmill physical stress echocardiography were studied according to the Bruce protocol, divided into two groups: obese (n = 945; 23.3%) and non-obese (n = 3,105; 76.6%). Results: There was no difference regarding gender. Obese patients were younger (55.4 ± 10.9 vs. 57.56 ± 11.67) and had a higher frequency of hypertension (75.2% vs. 57, 2%; p < 0.0001), diabetis mellitus (15.2% vs. 10.9%; p < 0.0001), dyslipidemia (59.5% vs 51.9%; p < 0.0001), family history of coronary artery disease (59.3% vs. 55.1%; p = 0.023) and physical inactivity (71.4% vs. 52.9%, p < 0.0001). The obese had greater aortic dimensions (3.27 vs. 3.14 cm; p < 0.0001), left atrium (3.97 vs. 3.72 cm; p < 0.0001) and the relative thickness of the ventricule (33.7 vs. 32.8 cm; p < 0.0001). Regarding the presence of myocardial ischemia, there was no difference between groups (19% vs. 17.9%; p = 0.41). In adjusted logistic regression, the presence of myocardial ischemia remained independently associated with age, female gender, diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: Obesity did not behave as a predictor of the presence of ischemia and the physical stress echocardiography. The application of this assessment tool in large scale sample demonstrates the feasibility of the methodology, also in obese. .

Fundamento: A ecocardiografia sob estresse físico é a metodologia estabelecida para diagnóstico e estratificação de risco de doença arterial coronária em pacientes com capacidade física preservada. Em obesos (índice de massa coporal ≥ 30 kg/m2), já foi demonstrada a utilidade da ecocardiografia sob estresse farmacológico. Todavia, não tem sido relatado o uso da ecocardiografia sob estresse físico nesse grupo crescente da população. Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência de isquemia miocárdica em obesos e não obesos submetidos à ecocardiografia sob estresse físico, e comparar suas diferenças clínicas e ecocardiográficas. Métodos: Foram estudados 4.050 pacientes, submetidos à ecocardiografia sob estresse físico em esteira ergométrica, segundo o protocolo de Bruce, divididos em dois grupos: obesos (n = 945; 23,3%) e não obesos (n = 3.105; 76,6%). Resultados: Não houve diferença quanto ao sexo. Os obesos foram mais jovens (55,4 ± 10,9 anos vs. 57,56 ± 11,7 anos) e apresentaram maior frequência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (75,2% vs. 57,2%; p < 0,0001), diabetes melito (15,2% vs. 10,9%; p < 0,0001), dislipidemia (59,5% vs. 51,9%; p < 0,0001), antecedentes familiares para doença arterial coronária (59,3% vs. 55,1%; p = 0,023) e de sedentarismo (71,4% vs. 52,9%; p < 0,0001). Os obesos apresentaram maiores dimensões da aorta (3,27 vs. 3,14 cm; p < 0,0001) do átrio esquerdo (3,97 vs. 3,72 cm; p < 0,0001) e da espessura relativa do ventrículo esquerdo (33,7cm vs. 32,8 cm; p < 0,0001). Quanto à presença de isquemia miocárdica, não houve diferença entre os grupos (19% vs. 17,9%; p = 0,41). Na regressão logística ajustada, isquemia miocárdica permaneceu associada de maneira independente a idade, sexo feminino, diabetes melito e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Conclusão: A obesidade não se comportou como fator preditor de presença de isquemia à ecocardiografia sob estresse físico. A aplicação desse instrumento de avaliação ...