Fear of falling in older adults living at home: associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the fear of falling in the older adultliving at home. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling of older adultenrolled in two Family Health Strategies (FHS). The fear of falling was measured by the Brazilian version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International and by a household questionnairethat contained the explanatory variables. Multiple Linear Regression using the stepwise selection technique and the Generalized Linear Models were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of170 older adultsparticipated in the research, 85 from each FHS. The majority (57.1%) aged between 60 and 69; 67.6% were female; 46.1% fell once in the last year. The majority of the older adults(66.5%) had highfear of falling. In the final multiple linear regression model, it was identified that a higher number of previous falls, female gender, older age, and worse health self-assessment explained 37% of the fear of falling among the older adult. CONCLUSION: The findings reinforce the need to assess the fear of falling among the older adultliving at home, in conjunction with the development and use ofstrategies based on modifiable factors by professionalsto reduce falls and improve health status, which may contribute to the reduction of the fear of falling among the older adult. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados ao medo de cair em idosos residentes no domicílio. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostragem probabilística de idosos cadastrados em duas Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF). O medo de cair foi avaliado pela versão brasileira da escala Falls Efficacy Scale International e por um inquérito domiciliar que continha as variáveis explicativas.A Regressão Linear Múltipla por meio da técnica stepwise selectione osModelos Lineares Generalizados foram utilizados nas análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa170 idosos, 85 de cada ESF. A maioria (57,1%) tinha entre 60 e 69 anos de idade; 67,6% eram do sexo feminino; 46,1% tiveram queda no último ano. A maioria dos idosos (66,5%) tinha elevado medo de cair. No modelo final de regressão multivariada, identificou-se que maior número de quedas anteriores, sexo feminino, idade mais avançada, e pior autoavaliação de saúde explicaram 37% do medo de cair entre os idosos. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados reforçam a necessidade da avaliação do medo de cair entre os idosos que residem no próprio domicílio, assim como o desenvolvimento e a utilização de estratégias pelos profissionais voltadas para os fatores modificáveis,de modo a reduzir as quedas e melhorar o estado de saúde, o que pode contribuir para a diminuição do medo de cair entre os idosos.

Quality of life in caregivers of aged stroke survivors in southern Brazil: Arandomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of nursing home care interventions on the quality of life in family caregivers of aged stroke survivors. METHOD: a Randomized Clinical Trial, blinded for outcome evaluation. Forty-eighty family caregivers of aged stroke survivors participated in the study. The Intervention Group received three home visits by nurses one month after hospital discharge to provide stroke-related education (i.e., how to access health services and perform care activities) and emotional support. The Control Group received the usual guidance from the health services. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument and the Old Module(WHOQOL-OLD) 1 week, 2 months, and 1 year after discharge. RESULTS: the caregivers were mainly women, children, or spouses. The caregivers in the Intervention Group and Control Group did not significantly differ in terms of their Overall Quality of Life at baseline. There was no interaction effect between group allocation and Overall Quality of Life(p=0.625) over time. However, there was an interaction effect for Social Relations(p=0.019) and Autonomy (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: the intervention exerted a statistically significant effect on the quality of life of family caregivers with respect to social relationships and autonomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02807012.

A longitudinal study of burden among spouse and non-spouse caregivers of older adults with stroke-induced-dependency.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the burden of spouse and non-spouse caregivers of older adults with stroke-induced-dependency after discharge from a university hospital's Specialized Care Stroke Unit in southern Brazil. METHODS: a longitudinal survey. The sample consisted of 48 consenting caregivers, among which 20 were spouse caregivers. Data were collected between May 2016 and July 2018. One week after discharge, caregivers completed a sociodemographic profile, the Functional Independence Measure, and the Caregiver Burden Scale. Burden was also measured two months after discharge. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analyses of Variance. RESULTS: regarding time 1, non-spouse caregivers experienced greater burden with respect to social isolation (p = .01). Along with a persistently greater sense of isolation (p=.04), non-spouse caregivers felt far greater general strain (p =.01). CONCLUSION: statistically significant differences in burden over time highlight the importance of assessing caregiver burden after discharge and the need for a formal support program.

Effects of the Alpha-Health intervention on elderly's health literacy in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the effects of the Alpha-Health intervention on health literacy and health habits of elderly people linked to primary care, when compared to usual health care. METHODS: a quasi-experimental investigation, with mixed methods, with 21 elderly individuals in each group. Alpha-Health was performed by a nurse for five months. The Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults, Health Literacy and questions about health habits were used. In the quantitative analysis, the GEE Model was used, and in the qualitative, thematic analysis. RESULTS: there was an interaction effect on health literacy scores. Health habits such as vaccination, three meals a day and meat consumption had a statistically significant interaction effect. In the qualitative stage, development in skills of accessing, communicating and assessing information was observed as well as stability in the ability to understand. CONCLUSIONS: Alpha-Health is an important device for developing elderly's health literacy.

Global functionality and associated factors in the older adults followed by Home Care in Primary Health Care.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association of global functionality with the main functional systems and the sociodemographic variables of older adults followed by Home Care in Primary Health Care. METHOD: a cross-sectional study with 124 older people developed through home interviews. Functionality was assessed by Basic Activities of Daily Living (Barthel) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton and Brody); the main functional systems were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Exam, by the Timed Up and Go test, by the Geriatric Depression Scale (15 items), and questionnaire with sociodemographic variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied (Poisson Regression). RESULTS: 46% of the older adults showed moderate/severe/total dependence for basic activities and instrumental activities had a median of 12. In the multivariate analysis, there was an association between moderate/severe/total dependence on basic activities with cognitive decline (p=0.021) and bedridden/wheelchair users (p=0.014). Regarding the dependence on instrumental activities, there was an association with age ≥80 years (p=0.006), single/divorced marital status (p=0.013), cognitive decline (p=0.001), bedridden/wheelchair (p=0.020), and Timed Up and Go ≥20 seconds (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: the decline in cognitive and mobility was associated with poor functionality in basic and instrumental activities. The findings highlight the need to monitor Home Care for these individuals and serve as guidelines for health actions.

The capacity of informal caregivers in the rehabilitation of older people after a stroke.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize informal caregivers of dependent older people after a stroke related to aspects of care, and to describe the activities performed and the difficulties faced by these caregivers. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study, held in southern Brazil with 190 informal caregivers of older adults after stroke. The sociodemographic data instrument and the Capacity Scale for Informal Caregivers of Elderly Stroke Patients (ECCIID-AVC), adapted and validated for use in Brazil by Dal Pizzol et al., were used. RESULTS: Most caregivers were women (82.6%) or children (56.3%), had average schooling of 9.6 years, and the majority (68.3%) provided care for people with moderate to severe disability. The main activities carried out included: providing materials and/or support for eating (99%), dressing (98.4%), and administering medications (96.2%). Caregivers had the most difficulty with transferring and positioning activities. CONCLUSIONS: Most caregivers have adequate capacity to provide essential care to the dependent older adult after a stroke. However, a significant portion had difficulty in the activities of transferring and positioning the older person due to the lack of guidance regarding the posture to carry out these activities. The assessment of nurses regarding the activities performed and the difficulties faced by caregivers is an important strategy to identify problems and effectively attend to the needs of these individuals at all levels of health care.

Development and validation a nursing care protocol with educational interventions for family caregivers of elderly people after stroke.

OBJECTIVE: development and validation the content of a nursing care protocol with educational interventions for family caregivers of elderly people after stroke. METHODS: a methodological study conducted in three stages: (1) protocol development through literature review; (2) pretest with multidisciplinary team, analyzed with literature articulation; (3) protocol validation by the Delphi Technique. RESULTS: the protocol was structured in the following areas: Disease Guidelines; Emotional Support; Using the Health Care Network; Diet; Airways; Medications; Hygiene; Skin Care; Disposal; Dressing/Undressing; Positioning and Transfer; Fall Prevention. In the pretest, eight experts assessed protocol clarity and content. In validation, there were two rounds by the Delphi Technique. The validated protocol consisted of 12 domains, containing 42 items and 240 care guidelines. CONCLUSION: the protocol qualifies the transition of care after hospital discharge assisting nurses in home care practice.

Burden of informal caregivers of dependent elderlies in the community in small cities.

AIM: To analyze sociodemographic factors and aspects of care related to the burden of informal caregivers of dependent elderlies in the community. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 125 caregivers. Data collection was carried out in municipalities of the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul through a structured interview in 2017 and 2018. The Caregiver Burden Inventory was used. The Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients and t-student test or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were done. For the multivariate analysis, Linear Regression was used. RESULTS: Most caregivers were female (73.6%), married (55.2%) and daughters (68.0%). The variables that showed a statistically significant relationship with burden were: caregiver age (p = 0.039), education (p = 0.001), time devoted to care (p = <0.001), kinship degree (p = 0.001), living with the elder (p <0.001), using their income (p = 0.001) and female gender (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Women caregivers, with less education, who spend more time in weekly care and lived with the elder presented higher burden.

Use of health services by elderly people post-stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To verify the relation of a nursing home care educational intervention in the use of health services by elderly people post-stroke. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial conducted with 44 family caregivers of elderly people post-stroke. Data was collected between May/2016 and July/2018 in a hospital in the South of Brazil and at the participants' homes. The intervention group (IG=21) received home visits by nurses after hospital discharge. The control group (CG=23) had a conventional follow-up in a conventional health services. The Pearson's Chi-Square Test or the Fisher's Exact Test was performed for assessment of the outcome at 60 days and 1 year after discharge. Clinical Trial registration NCT02807012. RESULTS: There was a significant difference regarding the use of hospital outpatient service (IG=100%, CG=78.3%, p<0.050) 60 days after discharge. CONCLUSION: The great use of outpatient service by the IG demonstrates the effectiveness of nursing educational intervention focused on health care network after discharge.

Nursing home care educational intervention for family caregivers of older adults post stroke (SHARE): study protocol for a randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Family caregivers of aged stroke survivors face challenging difficulties such as the lack of support and the knowledge and skills to practice home care. These aspects negatively influence the caregivers' burden and quality of life, the use of health services, and hospital readmissions of the stroke survivor. The aim of this research is to describe an educational intervention focused on family caregivers of stroke survivors for the development of home care in the south of Brazil. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial with 48 family caregivers of stroke survivors will be recruited and divided into two groups: 24 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group. The intervention will consist of the systematic follow-up by nurses who will perform three home visits over a period of 1 month. The control group will not receive the visits and will have the usual care guidelines of the health services. Primary outcomes: burden and quality of life of the caregiver. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: functional capacity and readmissions of the stroke survivors; the use of health services of the stroke survivors and their family caregivers. Outcomes will be measured 2 months after discharge. The project was approved in April 2016. DISCUSSION: This research offers information for conducting educational intervention with family caregivers of stroke survivors, presenting knowledge so that nurses can structure and plan the actions aimed at the education of the family caregiver. It is expected that the educational intervention will contribute to reducing caregiver burden and improving their quality of life, as well as avoiding readmissions and inadequate use of health services by stroke survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02807012 . Registered on 3 June 2016. Name: Nursing Home Care Intervention Post Stroke (SHARE).

A longitudinal study of burden among spouse and non-spouse caregivers of older adults with stroke-induced-dependency / Sobrecarga entre cuidadores cônjuges e não cônjuges de idosos dependentes por AVC: estudo longitudinal / La carga entre cuidadores conyugales y no conyugales de ancianos con dependencia inducida por ictus: estudio longitudinal

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the burden of spouse and non-spouse caregivers of older adults with stroke-induced-dependency after discharge from a university hospital's Specialized Care Stroke Unit in southern Brazil. Methods: a longitudinal survey. The sample consisted of 48 consenting caregivers, among which 20 were spouse caregivers. Data were collected between May 2016 and July 2018. One week after discharge, caregivers completed a sociodemographic profile, the Functional Independence Measure, and the Caregiver Burden Scale. Burden was also measured two months after discharge. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analyses of Variance. Results: regarding time 1, non-spouse caregivers experienced greater burden with respect to social isolation (p = .01). Along with a persistently greater sense of isolation (p=.04), non-spouse caregivers felt far greater general strain (p =.01). Conclusion: statistically significant differences in burden over time highlight the importance of assessing caregiver burden after discharge and the need for a formal support program.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar sobrecarga de cuidadores cônjuges e não cônjuges de idosos dependentes por AVC pós-alta da Unidade de Atendimento Especializado em AVC de um hospital do sul do Brasil. Método: pesquisa longitudinal. Amostra foi composta por 48 cuidadores, sendo 20 cuidadores cônjuges. Dados foram coletados entre maio/2016 e julho/2018. Uma semana pós-alta, verificou-se a capacidade funcional dos idosos pela Medida de Independência Funcional, o perfil sociodemográfico dos cuidadores e a sobrecarga com a Caregiver Burden Scale. A sobrecarga também foi medida dois meses pós-alta. Dados foram analisados por meio de Análise Multivariada de Variância. Resultados: no tempo 1, não cônjuges apresentaram maior sobrecarga em relação ao isolamento social (p=0,01). Juntamente com isolamento (p=0,04), não cônjuges sentiram tensão geral muito maior (p=0,01). Conclusão: diferenças estatisticamente significativas na sobrecarga ao longo do tempo destacam a importância de avaliar a sobrecarga do cuidador pós-alta e a necessidade de um programa formal de apoio.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la carga de los cuidadores conyugales y no conyugales de ancianos con dependencia inducida por ictus después del alta de la Unidad de Atención Especializada en Ictus de un hospital del sur de Brasil. Métodos: una encuesta longitudinal, con 48 cuidadores (20 cónyuges). Datos fueron recolectados entre mayo/2016 y julio/2018. Una semana después del alta, se aplicó la Medida de Independencia Funcional a los ancianos y la Caregiver Burden Scale a los cuidadores. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis multivariado de varianza. Resultados: en tiempo 1, los cónyuges experimentaron mayor carga en relación al aislamiento social (p=0,01). Los cónyuges sintieron una tensión general y sensación de aislamiento mucho mayor (p=0,01; p=0,04). Conclusión: las diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la carga a lo largo del tiempo resaltan la importancia de evaluar la carga del cuidador después del alta y la necesidad de un programa de apoyo formal.

Quality of life in caregivers of aged stroke survivors in southern Brazil: Arandomized clinical trial / Qualidade de vida de cuidadores de idosos sobreviventes de AVC no sul do Brasil: Ensaio clínico randomizado / Calidad de vida en cuidadores de adultos mayores sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares en el sur de Brasil: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the effect of nursing home care interventions on the quality of life in family caregivers of aged stroke survivors. Method: a Randomized Clinical Trial, blinded for outcome evaluation. Forty-eighty family caregivers of aged stroke survivors participated in the study. The Intervention Group received three home visits by nurses one month after hospital discharge to provide stroke-related education (i.e., how to access health services and perform care activities) and emotional support. The Control Group received the usual guidance from the health services. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument and the Old Module(WHOQOL-OLD) 1 week, 2 months, and 1 year after discharge. Results: the caregivers were mainly women, children, or spouses. The caregivers in the Intervention Group and Control Group did not significantly differ in terms of their Overall Quality of Life at baseline. There was no interaction effect between group allocation and Overall Quality of Life(p=0.625) over time. However, there was an interaction effect for Social Relations(p=0.019) and Autonomy (p=0.004). Conclusion: the intervention exerted a statistically significant effect on the quality of life of family caregivers with respect to social relationships and autonomy. Trial registration: NCT02807012.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de intervenção educativa domiciliar de enfermagem na qualidade de vida de cuidadores familiares de idosos sobreviventes de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Método: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado, cego para avaliação de resultados. Quarenta e oito cuidadores familiares de idosos sobreviventes de AVC participaram do estudo. O Grupo de Intervenção recebeu três visitas domiciliares de enfermeiros, um mês após a alta hospitalar, para fornecer educação relacionada ao AVC (como acessar os serviços de saúde e realizar atividades de cuidado) e apoio emocional. O Grupo Controle recebeu as orientações habituais dos serviços de saúde. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada usando o instrumento Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF) e o Módulo Old (WHOQOL-OLD) em 1 semana, 2 meses e 1 ano após a alta. Resultados: os cuidadores eram principalmente mulheres, filhos ou cônjuges. Os cuidadores do Grupo Intervenção e do Grupo Controle não diferiram significativamente em termos de Qualidade de Vida Geral no início do estudo. Não houve efeito de interação entre a alocação do grupo e a Qualidade de Vida Geral (p=0,625) ao longo do tempo. No entanto, houve efeito de interação para Relações Sociais (p=0,019) e Autonomia (p=0,004). Conclusão: a intervenção apresentou efeito estatisticamente significativo na qualidade de vida dos cuidadores familiares no que diz respeito às relações sociais e autonomia. Registro do ensaio clínico: NCT02807012.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de intervenciones de atención domiciliaria de enfermería sobre la calidad de vida en cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares. Método: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado, cegado para la evaluación de los desenlaces. Los participantes del estudio fueron 48cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV). El Grupo Intervención recibió tres visitas domiciliarias a cargo de enfermeros un mes después del alta hospitalaria, en las que se les ofreció instrucción relacionada con ACV (es decir, cómo acceder a los servicios de salud y realizar las actividades inherentes a los cuidados) y apoyo emocional. Al Grupo Control se le brindó la orientación habitual de los servicios de salud. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante el instrumento World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) y el módulo Old(WHOQOL-OLD) 1semana, 2meses y 1año después del alta. Resultados: en su mayoría, los cuidadores fueron mujeres, hijos o cónyuges. Los cuidadores de los grupos Intervención y Control no presentaron diferencias significativas en términos de su Calidad de Vida general de base. La intervención no ejerció ningún efecto entre la asignación a los grupos y la Calidad de Vida general(p=0,625) con el transcurso del tiempo. Sin embargo, la intervención sí tuvo efecto sobre las Relaciones Sociales (p=0,019) y la Autonomía(p=0,004). Conclusión: la intervención ejerció un efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares con respecto a las relaciones sociales y a la autonomía. Registro del ensayo: NCT02807012.

Effects of the Alpha-Health intervention on elderly's health literacy in primary health care / Efectos de la intervención Alfa-Salud en la alfabetización sanitaria de los ancianos en la atención primaria de salud / Efeitos da intervenção Alfa-Saúde na alfabetização em saúde do idoso na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effects of the Alpha-Health intervention on health literacy and health habits of elderly people linked to primary care, when compared to usual health care. Methods: a quasi-experimental investigation, with mixed methods, with 21 elderly individuals in each group. Alpha-Health was performed by a nurse for five months. The Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults, Health Literacy and questions about health habits were used. In the quantitative analysis, the GEE Model was used, and in the qualitative, thematic analysis. Results: there was an interaction effect on health literacy scores. Health habits such as vaccination, three meals a day and meat consumption had a statistically significant interaction effect. In the qualitative stage, development in skills of accessing, communicating and assessing information was observed as well as stability in the ability to understand. Conclusions: Alpha-Health is an important device for developing elderly's health literacy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar los efectos de la intervención Alfa-Salud sobre la alfabetización sanitaria y los hábitos de salud de los ancianos vinculados a la atención primaria, en comparación con la atención sanitaria habitual. Métodos: investigación cuasiexperimental, con métodos mixtos, con 21 ancianos en cada grupo. El Alfa-Salud fue realizado por una enfermera durante cinco meses. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults, Health Literacy y preguntas sobre hábitos de salud. En el análisis cuantitativo se utilizó el Modelo GEE y en el análisis cualitativo temático. Resultados: hubo un efecto de interacción en los puntajes de alfabetización en salud. Los hábitos de salud como la vacunación, las tres comidas al día y el consumo de carne mostraron un efecto de interacción estadísticamente significativo. En la etapa cualitativa, hubo un desarrollo en las habilidades para acceder, comunicar y evaluar la información, y estabilidad en la capacidad de comprensión. Conclusiones: el Alfa-Salud es un dispositivo importante para el desarrollo de la alfabetización en salud para las personas mayores.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da intervenção Alfa-Saúde na alfabetização em saúde e hábitos de saúde de idosos vinculados à atenção primária, quando comparada ao atendimento de saúde usual. Métodos: investigação quase-experimental, com métodos mistos, com 21 idosos em cada grupo. O Alfa-Saúde foi realizado por enfermeira durante cinco meses. Instrumentos utilizados foram o Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults, Health Literacy e perguntas sobre hábitos de saúde. Na análise quantitativa, foi utilizado o GEE Model, e na qualitativa, análise temática. Resultados: houve efeito de interação nos escores da alfabetização em saúde. Hábitos de saúde, como vacinação, três refeições diárias e consumo de carne, apresentaram efeito de interação com significância estatística. Na etapa qualitativa, observou-se o desenvolvimento nas habilidades de acessar, comunicar e avaliar a informação, e estabilidade na habilidade de compreensão. Conclusões: o Alfa-Saúde é um dispositivo importante para o desenvolvimento da alfabetização em saúde de idosos.

Association between filial responsibility when caring for parents and the caregivers overload.

OBJECTIVE:: To analyze the association between filial responsibility and the overload of the children when caring for their older parents. METHOD:: Cross-sectional study with 100 caregiver children of older adults. Filial liability was assessed by the attitudes of the responsible child (scale of expectation and filial duty) and by care behaviors (assistance in activities of daily living, emotional and financial support, and keeping company). The overload was assessed by the Caregiver Burden Inventory. To assess the associations, the correlation coefficients of Pearson and Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Mann-Whitney were employed. Variables that presented p-value<0.20 in the bivariate analysis were inserted in a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS:: The factors associated with overload were: formal employment (p=0.002), feelings regarding family life (p<0.001), financial support (p=0.027), and assistance with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION:: Children who were more involved with the ADLs and provided financial support showed higher levels of overload. OBJETIVO:: Analisar a associação entre a responsabilidade filial e a sobrecarga dos filhos cuidadores de pessoas idosas. MÉTODO:: Estudo transversal com 100 filhos cuidadores de pessoas idosas. A responsabilidade filial foi avaliada pelas atitudes de responsabilidade filial (escala de expectativa e dever filial) e pelos comportamentos de cuidar (auxílio nas atividades de vida diária, apoio emocional, financeiro e companhia). A sobrecarga foi avaliada pelo Inventário de Sobrecarga do Cuidador. Para avaliar as associações utilizaram-se os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, Teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-whitney. Variáveis que apresentaram valor de p<0,20 na análise bivariada foram inseridas em um modelo multivariado de regressão linear. RESULTADOS:: Os fatores associados com a sobrecarga foram: emprego formal (p=0,002), sentimentos na vida familiar (p<0,001), apoio financeiro (p=0,027) e ajuda nas Atividades da Vida Diária (AVDs) (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO:: Os filhos que mais auxiliavam nas AVDs e prestavam apoio financeiro apresentaram maiores níveis de sobrecarga.

Needs of family caregivers in home care for older adults.

Objective: to reveal the felt and normative needs of primary family caregivers when providing instrumental support to older adults enrolled in a Home Care Program in a Primary Health Service in the South of Brazil. Methods: using Bradshaw's taxonomy of needs to explore the caregiver's felt needs (stated needs) and normative needs (defined by professionals), a mixed exploratory study was conducted in three steps: Descriptive quantitative phase with 39 older adults and their caregiver, using a data sheet based on patient records; Qualitative exploratory phase that included 21 caregiver interviews, analyzed by content analysis; Systematic observation, using an observation guide with 16 caregivers, analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: the felt needs were related to information about instrumental support activities and subjective aspects of care. Caregivers presented more normative needs related to medications care. Conclusion: understanding caregivers' needs allows nurses to plan interventions based on their particularities.

Fragilidade e funcionalidade familiar de idosos da Atenção Domiciliar: estudo transversal analítico / Fragilidad y funcionalidad familiar de adultos mayores en la Atención Domiciliaria: estudio transversal analítico / Frailty and family functionality of older people in Home Care: an analytical cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência da fragilidade em idosos e o nível de funcionalidade familiar e analisar a associação dessas variáveis com características sociodemográficas e com o acesso aos serviços de saúde de idosos vinculados à Atenção Domiciliar tipo 1 da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal analítico, realizado por meio de visitas domiciliares, de outubro de 2018 a abril de 2019, com 124 idosos de 60 anos ou mais, vinculados à Atenção Domiciliar tipo 1 de um distrito sanitário de Porto Alegre. Utilizaram-se a Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton, o APGAR da família e o questionário de dados sociodemográficos e de acesso ao serviço de saúde. Aplicaram-se o teste t de Student, o teste de Mann-Whitney, o teste do qui-quadrado, o teste exato de Fisher e o modelo de regressão de Poisson na análise estatística. Foi considerado como valor significativo p<0,05. Resultados A prevalência de fragilidade foi de 75%, e 84,7% dos idosos apresentaram bom nível de funcionalidade familiar. A fragilidade apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa, com maior faixa etária (p=0,009), elevado número médio de morbidades (p=0,027), presença de cuidador (p<0,001), não morar sozinho (p<0,001), défice cognitivo (p<0,001) e com forma de atendimento exclusivamente domiciliar (p<0,001). A funcionalidade familiar não apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com as variáveis em estudo. Conclusão Houve alta prevalência de fragilidade e de boa funcionalidade familiar. Apenas a fragilidade esteve associada significativamente com algumas das variáveis em estudo. Conhecer essa população específica é imprescindível para que intervenções possam ser desenvolvidas, garantindo acesso aos serviços de saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia de la fragilidad en adultos mayores y el nivel de funcionalidad familiar y analizar la asociación de esas variables con características sociodemográficas y con el acceso a los servicios de salud de adultos mayores vinculados a la Atención Domiciliaria tipo 1 de la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Métodos Estudio transversal analítico, realizado por medio de visitas domiciliarias, de octubre de 2018 a abril de 2019, con 124 adultos mayores de 60 años o más, vinculados a la Atención Domiciliaria tipo 1 de un distrito sanitario de Porto Alegre. Se utilizó la Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton, el APGAR de la familia y el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y de acceso al servicio de salud. Se aplicaron la prueba t de Student, la prueba de Mann-Whitney, la prueba chi cuadrado, y la prueba exacta de Fisher y el modelo de regresión de Poisson en el análisis estadístico. Se consideró valor significante p<0,05. Resultados La prevalencia de fragilidad fue de 75 % y el 84,7 % de los adultos mayores presentaron un buen nivel de funcionalidad familiar. La fragilidad presentó una asociación estadísticamente significante, con mayor grupo de edad (p=0,009), elevado número promedio de morbilidades (p=0,027), presencia de cuidador (p<0,001), no vivir solo (p<0,001), déficit cognitivo (p<0,001) y con forma de atención exclusivamente domiciliaria (p<0,001). La funcionalidad familiar no presentó asociación estadísticamente significante con las variables en estudio. Conclusión Hubo una alta prevalencia de fragilidad y de buena funcionalidad familiar. Apenas la fragilidad estuvo asociada significantemente con algunas de las variables en estudio. Conocer a esa población específica es imprescindible para que se puedan desarrollar intervenciones, garantizando el acceso a los servicios de salud.

Abstract Objective To identify frailty prevalence and family functionality level in older people and analyze the association of these variables with sociodemographic characteristics and with access to health care services for older people linked to Home Care type 1 in Primary Health Care. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study, carried out through home care visits, from October 2018 to April 2019, with 124 older people aged 60 years or older, linked to Home Care type 1 in a health district in Porto Alegre. The Edmonton Frail Scale, the family APGAR and the sociodemographic data and access to health care service questionnaire were used. Student's t test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Poisson regression model were applied in the statistical analysis. A significant value p<0.05 was considered. Results Frailty prevalence was 75%, and 84.7% of the older adults had a good family functionality level. Frailty had a statistically significant association, with a higher age group (p=0.009), a high average number of morbidities (p=0.027), presence of a caregiver (p<0.001), not living alone (p<0.001), cognitive decline (p<0.001) and exclusively home care (p<0.001). Family functionality did not show a statistically significant association with the variables under study. Conclusion There was a high frailty prevalence and good family functionality. Only frailty was significantly associated with some of the variables under study. Knowing this specific population is essential so that interventions can be developed, ensuring access to health care services.

Comunicação na rede de atenção à saúde de gestantes/puérperas na perspectiva de trabalhadores da saúde / Communication in the health care network for pregnant/puerperal women from the perspective of health workers / La comunicación en la red de atención a la salud de la mujer embarazada/puérpera en la perspectiva de los trabajadores de la salud

Objetivo: compreender como ocorre a comunicação na Rede de Atenção à Saúde de gestantes e/ou puérperas na perspectiva de trabalhadores da saúde que atuam na Atenção Primária. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório realizado em 2019 com oito trabalhadores pertencentes à Estratégia Saúde da Família. Resultados: na perspectiva dos participantes deste estudo, a comunicação na Rede de Atenção à Saúde apontou diversas fragilidades, entre elas, a ausência de um sistema de informação eletrônico compartilhado com os serviços de diferentes níveis de densidade tecnológica. Houve destaque para a utilização e o preenchimento das informações na caderneta de saúde da gestante para manter a comunicação entre os serviços de saúde acessados por essas mulheres. Conclusão: constatou-se a necessidade de desenvolver um sistema de informação capaz de integrar diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde a fim de que os profissionais que atuam na atenção e no cuidado de gestantes e puérperas possam realizar o cuidado em sua integralidade.(AU)

Objective: to understand how communication occurs in the Health Care Network of pregnant and/or postpartum women from the perspective of health workers who work in Primary Care. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study conducted in 2019 with eight workers belonging to the Family Health Strategy. Results: from the perspective of the participants of this study, communication in the Health Care Network pointed out several weaknesses, among them, the absence of an electronic information system shared with services of different levels of technological density. There was emphasis on the use and filling of information in the pregnant woman's health booklet to maintain communication between the health services accessed by these women. Conclusion: there is a need to develop an information system capable of integrating different levels of health care so that professionals working in the care of pregnant and postpartum women can provide comprehensive care.(AU)

Objetivo: comprender cómo ocurre la comunicación en la Red de Atención a la Salud de las mujeres embarazadas y/o puérperas en la perspectiva de los trabajadores de la salud que actúan en la Atención Primaria. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio realizado en 2019 con ocho trabajadores pertenecientes a la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Resultados: en la perspectiva de los participantes de este estudio, la comunicación en la Red de Atención a la Salud señaló varias debilidades, entre ellas, la ausencia de un sistema de información electrónico compartido con servicios de diferentes niveles de densidad tecnológica. Se hizo énfasis en el uso y cumplimentación de las informaciones en la cartilla de salud de la gestante para mantener la comunicación entre los servicios de salud a los que acceden estas mujeres. Conclusión: existió la necesidad de desarrollar un sistema de información capaz de integrar los diferentes niveles de atención a la salud para que los profesionales que actúan en la atención y cuidado de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas puedan brindar la atención en su totalidad.(AU)

Gerontotecnologias cuidativas à pessoa idosa/família: conceitos, apresentações e finalidades / Care gerontotechnologies for the elderly person/family: concepts, presentations and purposes

Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura, a produção e/ou utilização de gerontotecnologias cuidativas, no que se refere ao conceito, apresentação e finalidade. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, por meio da busca na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) acessando: Bases de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), por meio dos descritores: idoso; tecnologia; envelhecimento; pessoal de saúde. Incluíram-se 12 estudos primários, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, de 2003 a 2020. Utilizou-se análise qualitativa para categorização dos domínios. Resultados: emergiram três categorias "abordagens e conceitos atribuídos as tecnologias", "apresentações de gerontotecnologia" "finalidade da gerontotecnologia" e "resultados alcançados". Quanto às abordagens e conceitos, encontrou-se os termos: tecnologia; tecnologia educacional; tecnologia educativa; tecnologia socioeducacional; (geronto) tecnologia; tecnologia de cuidado, tecnologia cuidativa; tecnologia assistiva e Tecnologia cuidativo-educacional. Quanto a apresentação das tecnologias: Jogo de tabuleiro; vídeodebate; organizadores de medicamentos; identificação das cartelas de medicação com caneta permanente; trocar notas de valor alto por notas de menor valor; folder/ manual de orientações; relatório diário, barras de apoio; corrimão em escadas; aplicativo em plataforma móvel denominado Idoso Ativo; filmes e vídeos de imagens; contação de Histórias e convívio grupal. Quanto a finalidade: cuidado com a pessoa idosa; envelhecimento ativo; conhecimento sobre a sexualidade, saúde e contribuições para as relações sociais da pessoa idosa. Conclusão: As gerontotecnologias apresentadas podem ser utilizadas por profissionais e por cuidadores em diferentes contextos, com vistas à auxiliar no processo de cuidado a pessoa idosa.(AU)

Objective: To identify, in the literature, the production and/or use of care gerontechnologies, with regard to the concept, presentation and purpose. Methods: Integrative review, by searching the Virtual Health Library (VHL) accessing: Nursing Databases (BDENF), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), by means of the descriptors: elderly; technology; aging; health personnel. 12 primary studies were included, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from 2003 to 2020. Qualitative analysis was used to categorize the domains. Results: three categories emerged "approaches and concepts attributed to technologies", "gerontotechnology presentations", as well as "purpose of gerontotechnology" and results achieved. As for the approaches and concepts, the terms were found: technology; educational technology; educational technology; socio-educational technology; (geronto)technology; care technology, care technology; assistive technology and caring- educational technology. As for the presentation of technologies: Board game; video debate; medication organizers; identification of medication cards with a permanent pen; exchange high-value notes for lower-value notes; folder/guidance manual; daily report, support bars; handrail on stairs; application on a mobile platform called Active Elderly; films and video images; storytelling and group living. As for the purpose: care for the elderly person; active aging; knowledge about sexuality, health and contributions to the social relationships of the elderly. Conclusion: The gerontotechnologies presented can be used by professionals and caregivers in different contexts, with a view to assisting the elderly person in the care process.(AU)

Construction and validation of an educational manual for family caregivers of older adults after a stroke / Construcción y validación de manual educativo para familiares cuidadosos de personas mayores tras accidente cerebro vascular / Construção e validação de manual educativo para cuidadores familiares de idosos após acidente vascular cerebral

ABSTRACT Objective to construct and validate an educational manual for family caregivers of older adult dependent on care after a stroke. Method a methodological study with four stages: focus group with five family caregivers, to identify doubts and difficulties regarding home care for older adults with stroke; preparation of the manual by six researchers; content validation by 18 specialist nurses, and face validation by 12 family caregivers. For data analysis, thematic analysis was performed, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated, and the consensus of the target population was verified. Results from the focus group, the experiences and challenges faced by the caregivers in caring for aged family members with a stroke were identified, which supported the elaboration of an educative manual, in the second stage. In the expert consensus, a global CVI of 0.97 was obtained and, in face validation, a consensus of 95.51% by the target population. Conclusion an educational manual for family caregivers of older adults after a stroke was built, which was validated in terms of content and appearance. In view of this, it can be used as complementary material to the guidelines of the professionals, enabling improvement of the care provided by family members to the older adult dependent on care after a stroke.

RESUMEN Objetivo construir y validar un manual educativo para familiares cuidadores de personas mayores dependientes de cuidados con posterioridad al Accidente Cerebro Vascular (ACV). Método estudio metodológico de cuatro etapas: grupo focal con cinco familiares cuidadores, para identificación de dudas y dificultades con la atención domiciliaria de personas mayores con ACV; elaboración del manual por seis investigadores; validación de contenido por 18 enfermeras especializadas y validación de apariencia por 12 familiares cuidadores. Para el análisis de datos se llevó a cabo un análisis temático, se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) y se verificó el consenso de la población objetivo. Resultados a partir del grupo focal se identificaron las experiencias y desafíos que enfrentan los familiares cuidadores en el cuidado de la persona mayor con ACV, lo que fomentó la elaboración de un manual educativo en la segunda etapa. En el consenso de expertos, se obtuvo un IVC global de 0,97 y, en la validación de apariencia, un consenso del 95,51% por parte de la población objetivo. Conclusión se elaboró un manual educativo para familiares cuidadores de personas mayores tras un ACV, el cual fue validado en cuanto a contenido y apariencia. Por ello, se puede utilizar como material complementario en la orientación de profesionales, lo que permite la mejora de la atención que brindan los familiares a las personas mayores dependientes de cuidados tras un ACV.

RESUMO Objetivo construir e validar um manual educativo para cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas dependentes de cuidados após Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Método estudo metodológico com quatro etapas: grupo focal com cinco cuidadores familiares, para identificação de dúvidas e de dificuldades quanto ao cuidado no domicílio ao idoso com AVC; elaboração do manual por seis pesquisadoras; validação de conteúdo por 18 enfermeiros especialistas e validação de aparência por 12 cuidadores familiares. Para análise dos dados, realizou-se análise temática, cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e se verificou o consenso da população-alvo. Resultados a partir do grupo focal, foram identificadas as vivências e os desafios enfrentados pelos cuidadores ao cuidar do familiar idoso com AVC, o que embasou a elaboração de um manual educativo, na segunda etapa. No consenso de especialistas, obteve-se IVC global de 0,97 e, na validação de aparência, consenso de 95,51% pela população-alvo. Conclusão foi construído um manual educativo para cuidadores familiares de idosos após AVC, o qual foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e à aparência. Em vista disso, poderá ser utilizado como material complementar às orientações dos profissionais, possibilitando melhoria do cuidado prestado por familiares ao idoso dependente de cuidados após AVC.

Itinerário terapêutico e assistência à saúde de usuários de drogas na rede de atenção psicossocial / Therapeutic itinerary and health care for drug users in the psychosocial care network / Itinerario terapéutico y atención sanitaria para usuarios de drogas en la red de atención psicosocial

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de usuários de drogas acerca do itinerário terapêutico e da assistência à saúde na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida com usuários de drogas assistidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras drogas nos meses de março a maio de 2019. A coleta dos dados foi a partir da entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio da análise temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se que os usuários de drogas fazem uma ampla peregrinação na rede de saúde em busca de acolhimento e que a assistência à saúde está pautada em um modelo manicomial, centrado na medicalização em alguns serviços. Conclusão: a assistência prestada nos serviços de âmbito territorial não acolhe o usuário e nem garante a integralidade do cuidado, o que faz com que esses peregrinem pela Rede

Objective: to understand the perception of drug users about the therapeutic itinerary and health care in the Psychosocial Care Network. Method: Qualitative research conducted with drug users assisted at a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and other drugs from March to May 2019. Data collection was based on the semi-structured interview and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: it was evidenced that drug users make a wide pilgrimage in the health network in search of welcoming and that health care is based on a mental hospital model, centered on medicalization in some services. Conclusion: the assistance provided in the services of territorial scope does not welcome the user and does not guarantee the integrality of care, which makes these pilgrims through the Network

Objetivo: comprender la percepción de los usuarios de drogas sobre el itinerario terapéutico y asistencial en la Red de Atención Psicosocial. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada con usuarios de drogas atendidos en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y otras drogas de marzo a mayo de 2019. La recolección de datos se basó en la entrevista semiestructurada y se analizó mediante análisis temático. Resultados:se evidenció que los usuarios de drogas realizan un amplio peregrinaje en la red de salud en busca de acogida y que la atención sanitaria se basa en un modelo de hospital psiquiátrico, centrado en la medicalización de algunos servicios. Conclusión: la asistencia prestada en los servicios territoriales no acoge al usuario y no garantiza la integralidad de la atención, que realizan estos peregrinos a través de la Red