Menopausal Status Impact on the Quality of Life in Kazakhstani Healthcare Workers: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Menopausal quality of life (MenQoL) is a common concern that primary healthcare workers often encounter. Menopause has a significant impact on women's health, but studies examining its effect on the MenQoL of menopausal healthcare employees have produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life related to menopausal status (pre-, peri-, or postmenopausal) in healthcare workers from various clinical settings in Kazakhstan. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 222 menopausal healthcare workers (physicians, nurses/midwives, administrative staff, and cleaners) were enrolled from hospitals affiliated with the University Medical Center (UMC) in Kazakhstan. MAIN MEASURES: The outcome variable was assessed using the Menopausal Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), which evaluates MenQoL across four domains of menopausal symptoms: physical, psychological, vasomotor, and sexual. KEY RESULTS: The most frequently reported menopausal symptoms were physical ones, such as feeling tired or worn out (70.7%), followed by feeling a lack of energy (65.3%) and dry skin (64.1%). The postmenopause group had the highest mean MenQoL score in the vasomotor domain (mean 3.46 ± 1.84). There was a borderline statistical significance when comparing postmenopause and perimenopause groups in the physical domain. The pairwise comparison of mean sexual scores revealed that postmenopause women had the highest average score (3.3 ± 2.36) compared to both premenopause (mean 2.3 ± 1.82) and perimenopause (mean 2.22 ± 1.58) groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Menopausal status has influence on the MenQoL of healthcare workers. The study findings could have important implications for policymakers as they provide insight into the factors influencing the quality of life of menopausal healthcare employees. Creating a more menopause-friendly work environment may not only enhance the well-being of healthcare personnel but also improve their overall job satisfaction and performance.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to and delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on maternal and child services and adversely influenced pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to and delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: The review was reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A primary search of electronic databases was performed using a combination of search terms related to the following areas of interest: "impact' AND 'COVID-19' AND 'maternal and child health services' AND 'low- and middle-income countries. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse and integrate the results. Results: Overall, 45 unique studies conducted across 28 low- and middle-income countries met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings suggest the number of family planning visits, antenatal and postnatal care visits, consultations for sick children, paediatric emergency visits and child immunisation levels decreased compared to the pre-pandemic levels in the majority of included studies. An analytical framework including four main categories was developed based on the concepts that emerged from included studies: the anxiety of not knowing (1), overwhelmed healthcare systems (2), challenges perceived by healthcare professionals (3) and difficulties perceived by service users (4). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted family planning services, antenatal and postnatal care coverage, and emergency and routine child services. Generalised conclusions are tentative due to the heterogeneity and inconsistent quality of the included studies. Future research is recommended to define the pandemic's impact on women and children worldwide and prepare healthcare systems for future resurgences of COVID-19 and potential challenges beyond. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021285178).

Predictive Role of Progesterone Levels for IVF Outcome in Different Phases of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for Patients With and Without Endometriosis: Expert View.

The study aimed to review the role of basal, trigger, and aspiration day progesterone levels (PLs) as predictors of in vitro fertilization (IVF) success for patients with and without endometriosis. A non-systematic review was conducted by searching papers published in English during the period of 1990-2023 in MEDLINE and PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register), and Web of Science. The most widely used IVF predictor success was the trigger day progesterone serum level. Many studies utilize the threshold level of 1.5-2.0 ng/ml. However, the predictive power of only progesterone level failed to show high sensitivity and specificity. Contrary, progesterone level on the trigger day combined with the number of mature retrieved oocytes had the highest predictive power. High baseline progesterone level was associated with poor IVF outcomes. Research on progesterone and IVF success in patients with endometriosis is limited but indicates that endometriosis patients seem to benefit from higher progesterone concentrations (≥ 37.1 ng/ml) in IVF cycles. Currently, there is limited data for a definitive insight into the mportance of progesterone in the estimation of IVF success. Nonetheless, this summarized evidence could serve as up-to-date guidance for the role of progesterone in the prediction of IVF outcomes, both in patients with and without endometriosis.

Differential analysis of histopathological and genetic markers of cancer aggressiveness, and survival difference in EBV-positive and EBV-negative prostate carcinoma.

Several studies have shown an association between prostate carcinoma (PCa) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); however, none of the studies so far have identified the histopathological and genetic markers of cancer aggressiveness associated with EBV in PCa tissues. In this study, we used previously characterized EBV-PCR-positive (n = 39) and EBV-negative (n = 60) PCa tissues to perform an IHC-based assessment of key histopathological and molecular markers of PCa aggressiveness (EMT markers, AR expression, perineural invasion, and lymphocytic infiltration characterization). Additionally, we investigated the differential expression of key oncogenes, EMT-associated genes, and PCa-specific oncomiRs, in EBV-positive and -negative tissues, using the qPCR array. Finally, survival benefit analysis was also performed in EBV-positive and EBV-negative PCa patients. The EBV-positive PCa exhibited a higher percentage (80%) of perineural invasion (PNI) compared to EBV-negative PCa (67.3%) samples. Similarly, a higher lymphocytic infiltration was observed in EBV-LMP1-positive PCa samples. The subset characterization of T and B cell lymphocytic infiltration showed a trend of higher intratumoral and tumor stromal lymphocytic infiltration in EBV-negative tissues compared with EBV-positive tissues. The logistic regression analysis showed that EBV-positive status was associated with decreased odds (OR = 0.07; p-value < 0.019) of CD3 intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration in PCa tissues. The analysis of IHC-based expression patterns of EMT markers showed comparable expression of all EMT markers, except vimentin, which showed higher expression in EBV-positive PCa tissues compared to EBV-negative PCa tissues. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the expression of CDH1, AR, CHEK-2, CDKN-1B, and CDC-20 and oncomiRs miR-126, miR-152-3p, miR-452, miR-145-3p, miR-196a, miR-183-3p, and miR-146b in EBV-positive PCa tissues compared to EBV-negative PCa tissues. Overall, the survival proportion was comparable in both groups. The presence of EBV in the PCa tissues results in an increased expression of certain oncogenes, oncomiRs, and EMT marker (vimentin) and a decrease in CD3 ITL, which may be associated with the aggressive forms of PCa.

The effect of older population on public health spending: Evidence from Spain.

Background: The gradual ageing of the population, and its effect on public spending, constitutes an urgent challenge for advanced economies. Through this study, we analyse the effect of older people, and their health and individual characteristics, on public health spending. Methods: Using logistic regression methods, we have analysed the use of different health services and health technologies by older people in Spain, controlled for several health, socioeconomic, and other individual factors. Results: The main factors that explain the consumption of both health services and health technology, above age, are related to the so-called need factors: self-reported health status, presence of chronic diseases, and disability. Conclusion: Knowing the main factors that imply greater public health spending is a topic of special interest for designing efficient health policies, in a context of growth in public health spending. In this way, preventive attention on the so-called need factors may be an important driver to improve the effectiveness of spending.

Prescripción de analgésicos y actividad física en personas de edad avanzada / Prescription of analgesics and physical activity in the elderly

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¿Puedes llamar hiperfrecuentadores a los pacientes por su alta frecuentación? / Could we call frequent attenders to patients because of their high frequency of attendance?

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Determinantes de la vacunación de la gripe en personas de más de 65 años: 20 años no es nada / Determinants of influenza vaccination in people over 65 years: 20 years is nothing

Fundamentos: La efectividad de la vacuna de la gripe ha hecho que sea una medida recomendada para personas de alto riesgo, entre ellos los adultos de 65 y más años. En este trabajo se planteó analizar la evolución de las tasas anuales de vacunación, e identificar subgrupos en la población que tuviese un riesgo significativo de no vacunarse. Métodos: Para el primer objetivo, la fuente de información fueron los datos que informa el Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Para analizar las tendencias se llevó a cabo un análisis de series temporales interrumpidas. La fuentede información para el segundo objetivo fue la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España de 2017. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión logística multivariable. Resultados: La tasa de vacunación de la gripe mostró desde latemporada 2006-07 una disminución absoluta anual de 1,2 puntos (95% IC: 0,8%, 1,6%). La prevalencia de vacunación en 2017 era de 54,9%. Las variables independientemente asociadas con la mayor vacunación de la gripe eran ser hombre, la mayor edad, haber nacido en España, tener más visitas al médico, tener una prescripción de medicamentos, tener una enfermedad crónica, no ser fumador, y el menor consumo de frutas. Conclusiones: La cobertura de la vacuna de la gripe en población de 65 y más años no solo está por debajo de lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud e indicado por el Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud sino que está disminuyendo significativamente cada año. Los subgrupos con menores tasas de vacunación (mujeres, menores de 75 años, no nacidos en España, con menos visitas al médico,sin prescripción de medicamentos, sin enfermedades crónicas, fumadores y con más consumo de frutas) deben ser identificados para desarrollar campañas y programas destinados a incrementar su vacunación de la gripe de forma que pueda aportar todo su beneficio potencial a la población específica

Background: The effectiveness of the influenza vaccine has made it a recommended intervention for people at high risk, including adults over 65. This work aimed to analyse the trends of annual vaccination rates, and identify subgroups in the population that have a significant risk of not receiving the vaccine. Methods: For the first objective, the source of information was the data reported by the Ministry of Health. To determine the trends in vaccination an analysis of interrupted time series was conducted. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out with the National Health Survey (ENSE) of 2017 for the second objective. Results: The rate of influenza vaccination showed an absolute annual decrease of 1,2 points since the 2006-07 season (95% CI: 0,8%, 1,6%). The prevalence of vaccination in 2017 was 54,9%. The variables independently associated with a higher probability of the influenza vaccine were males, older age, born in Spain, having more visits to the doctor, with prescription of medications, having a chronic illness, being non-smoker, and the lower consumption of fruits. Conclusions: The coverage of the flu vaccine in the population aged 65 and over is not only below the recommendation of the World Health Organization and indicated by the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System, but is significantly decreasing every year. Sub-groups with lover vaccination rates (women, younger than 75 years , foreign born, with less visits to primary care, no prescription of medicines, no chronic diseases, smokers and with higher intake of fruit) should be targets to develop campaigns and programs to increase their uptake of influenza vaccination so it could provide its potential population benefit

Evaluation of the effect of hospitalization on mortality in patients with heart failure followed in primary care / Evaluación del efecto de las hospitalizaciones sobre mortalidad en pacientes con Insuficiencia cardíaca seguidos en atención primaria

Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) is a serious health-care problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the first acute episode of decompensated HF that requires a hospitalization on the survival of newly diagnosed cases of HF with follow-up for 5 years in primary care (PC). Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study of a retrospective cohort of patients with information extracted from electronic medical records of PC. Incident cases of HF from 2006 to 2010 or until death were studied through a survival analysis with Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression, after applying the propensity score matching technique (PSM). Results: A total of 3061 new cases of HF were identified. The PSM analysis was performed with 529 couples, with a total of 1058 patients. 5-year survival was 65% in no hospitalized and 53% in hospitalized patients. Factors with an increased risk of mortality were having prescribed nitrates (heart rate [HR] = 1.56; 1.08-2.24). Factors with protective effect were having received the annual influenza vaccine (HR = 0.04; 0.01-0.15) and having been indicated X-rays by PC physician (HR = 0.76; 0.67-0.88). Conclusions: The findings indicate that hospitalizations are associated with a significant increase in mortality in patients recently diagnosed with HF. It is important to reinforce the need for the prevention of acute decompensated HF and for strategies to improve post-discharge outcomes.

Resumen Antecedentes: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es un serio problema de asistencia médica. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del primer episodio de IC aguda descompensada que requiere una hospitalización en la supervivencia de los casos de IC recientemente diagnosticados con un seguimiento de 5 años en Atención Primaria (AP). Métodos: Estudio observacional longitudinal de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con información extraída de la historia clínica electrónica de AP. Se estudiaron los casos incidentes de IC desde 2006 a 2010 o hasta su fallecimiento con un análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier y un modelo de regresión de Cox, después de aplicar la técnica del Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Resultados: Se identificaron 3.061 casos nuevos de IC. El análisis PSM se realizó con 529 pareja, con un total de 1.058 pacientes. La supervivencia a los cinco años fue del 65% en pacientes no hospitalizados y del 53% en pacientes hospitalizados. Los factores con mayor riesgo de mortalidad fueron tener prescritos nitratos (HR = 1,56; 1,08-2,24). Los factores con efecto protector fueron haber recibido la vacuna anual de la gripe (HR = 0,04; 0,01-0,15) y haber sido indicadas radiografías por el médico de AP (HR = 0,76; 0,67-0,88). Conclusiones: Los hallazgos indican que las hospitalizaciones se asocian con un aumento significativo de la mortalidad en pacientes diagnosticados recientemente con IC. Es importante reforzar la necesidad de prevenir la IC descompensada aguda y las estrategias para mejorar los resultados posteriores al alta.

Explaining differences in perceived health-related quality of life: a study within the Spanish population / Explicar las diferencias en cuanto a la calidad de vida percibida relacionada con la salud: estudio realizado en la población española

Objective: To assess the burden of several determinants on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to study its heterogeneity among the different Spanish regions. Method: Cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the Spanish National Health Survey (2012), and HRQOL was measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (utility and visual analogue scale -VAS- scores). Demographic variables, physical health condition, social variables, mental health status, and lifestyle were also analysed. Tobit regression models were employed to study the relationships between expressed HRQOL and personal characteristics. Results: A total of 20,979 surveys were obtained. Of them, 62.4% expressed a utility score of 1, corresponding to perfect health (95%CI: 61.8%-63.2%), and 54.2% showed VAS scores ≥80 (95%CI: 53.5%-54.9%). HRQOL was mainly described as a function of age, chronic limitation in daily activities, and mental health status. Belonging to a higher-class strata and physical activity were related to better self-perceived HRQOL. Ageing worsened perceived HRQOL, but did not influence its determinants, and differences in HRQOL by regions were also not significant after model adjustment. Conclusion: HRQOL perception in the Spanish population varied slightly depending on the measure used (utilities index or VAS). Age, chronic limitations in daily life, and mental health status best explained the variability in perception, and no meaningful differences in HRQOL perception among regions were found after adjustment

Objetivo: Evaluar la carga de ciertos determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y su heterogeneidad entre diferentes regiones españolas. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2012), se midió la CVRS con el cuestionario EQ5D-5L (utilidad y escala visual analógica [EVA]). Se analizaron variables demográficas, estado de salud, variables sociales, salud mental y estilos de vida, utilizando modelos Tobit. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20.979 encuestas. El 62,4% de los sujetos expresó una utilidad de 1, perfecta salud (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 61,8% -63,2%), y el 54,2% mostró puntuaciones en la EVA ≥80 (IC95%: 53,5%-54,9%). La CVRS se vio modificada fundamentalmente por la edad, la limitación crónica en las actividades diarias y el estado de salud mental. La clase social alta y la actividad física aparecían relacionadas con una mejor CVRS. La edad empeoró la percepción de la CVRS, pero no se asoció con un cambio en la influencia de sus determinantes. Después de ajustar los modelos, no había diferencias en la CVRS en las diferentes regiones. Conclusión: La percepción de la CVRS en la población española varió dependiendo de la medida utilizada (utilidades o EVA). La edad, las limitaciones crónicas en la vida diaria y el estado de salud mental explicaban fundamentalmente las diferencias en la CVRS, y las diferencias entre regiones se explicaron principalmente por diferentes características poblacionales

Incidencia de diabetes en pacientes tratados con antipsicóticos en atención primaria / Incidence of diabetes in patients treated with antipsychotics in primary care

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La glucemia mantenida entre 110-125 mg/dl ¿es un factor de riesgo de desarrollo de diabetes? / Is a maintained glycemia between 110/125 mg/dl a risk factor in the development of diabetes?

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Comparación de métodos para modelizar los factores asociados con los ingresos hospitalarios en casos incidentes de insuficiencia cardíaca / A comparison of methods for modeling factors associated with hospital admissions in incident cases of heart failure

Fundamento: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es un importante problema de salud pública debido a su creciente prevalencia y la descompensación que conlleva un ingreso hospitalario representa un aumento del riesgo de muerte. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar varios métodos para modelizar la variable hospitalizaciones y determinar el efecto de los factores asociados con los ingresos hospitalarios en casos incidentes de IC. Método: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes restrospectivo con información extraída de la historia clínica electrónica de Atención Primaria (AP). Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 24 años que habían realizado al menos 1 consulta en AP durante el año 2006. Se analizaron las hospitalizaciones registradas de casos incidentes de IC entre 2006 y 2010 o hasta su fallecimiento y se compararon modelos de regresión de Poisson, Binomial Negativa (BN), inflados con ceros y de Hurdle para identificar factores asociados a las hospitalizaciones. Resultados: Se identificó a 3.061 personas con IC en una cohorte de 227.984 pacientes. Respecto a los factores asociados con las hospitalizaciones y según el modelo de regresión BN inflado con ceros, los pacientes con valvulopatías (OR=2,01; IC95%: 1,22-3,30) o en tratamiento con antitrombóticos (OR=3,45; IC95%: 1,61-7,42) o diuréticos (OR=2,28; IC95%:1,13-4,58) tuvieron mayor probabilidad de hospitalización. Los factores asociados a una mayor tasa de ingresos fueron tener valvulopatías (IRR=1,37; IC95%: 1,03-1,81) o diabetes mellitus (IRR=1,38, 1,07-1,78) y estar en tratamiento con calcioantagonistas (IRR=1,35; IC95%: 1,05-1,73) o IECAS (IRR=1,43; IC95%:1,06- 1,92). Haber tenido derivaciones a cardiología tuvo efecto protector (IRR=0,86; IC95%: 0,76-0,97). Conclusión: El modelo de regresión que tiene mejor ajuste es el BN inflado con ceros. Según este modelo los factores asociados con un incremento en los ingresos hospitalarios son las valvulopatías, la diabetes mellitus y el tratamiento con calcioantagonistas (AU)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is an important public health problem due to its increasing prevalence, and the decompensation associated with hospital admission represents an increased risk of death. The objective of this study was to compare several methods to model the variable hospitalizations and to determine the effect of factors associated with hospital admissions in incident cases of HF. Methods: Study of a retrospective cohort of patients with information extracted from electronic medical records of PC was performed. Patients 24 year and older with at least 1 visit to PC in 2006 were included. Registered hospital admissions of HF incident cases between 2006 and 2010 or until death were analyzed and comparison of Poisson, Negative Binomial (NB), zero-inflated and Hurdle regression models were conducted to identify factors associated con hospitalizations. Results: 3,061 patients were identified in a cohort of 227,984. Regarding the factors associated with hospitalizations and according to the zero inflated NB regression model, patients who presented valvular disease (OR=2.01; CI95% 1.22-3.30), or were being treated with antithrombotics (OR=3.45; CI95%: 1.61-7.42) or diuretics (OR=2.28; CI95% 1.13-4.58) had a lower likelihood of hospitalization. Factors associated with a higher rate of hospital admissions were having valvular disease (IRR=1.37; CI95% 1.03-1.81) or diabetes mellitus (IRR=1.38; 1.07-1.78), and being treated with calcium antagonists (IRR=1.35; CI95% 1.05- 1.73) or ACE inhibitors (IRR=1.43; CI95% 1.06- 1.92). Having being referred to a cardiologist had a protective effect (IRR=0.86; CI95% 0.76- 0.97). Conclusion: The regression model that obtained the best adjustment was the zero inflated NB. According to this model, the factors associated with an increase in hospital admissions were valvulopathies, diabetes and treatment with calcium antagonists (AU)

Relación entre volumen de casos y mortalidad intrahospitalaria en la cirugía del cáncer digestivo / Relationship between volume and in-hospital mortality in digestive oncological surgery

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los resultados de estudios realizados en España sobre la relación inversa entre el número de intervenciones quirúrgicas y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria no han sido concluyentes. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la relación entre número de intervenciones quirúrgicas y mortalidad en la cirugía del cáncer digestivo en España. MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico, transversal con datos procedentes del CMBD, de los pacientes tratados con cirugía con intención curativa de neoplasias esofágicas, gástricas, colorrectales y pancreáticas entre 2006 y 2009. Se utilizó la mortalidad intrahospitalaria como variable de resultados. Las variables de control fueron características de los pacientes, la asistencia sanitaria y los hospitales. La variable de exposición fue el número de intervenciones para cada enfermedad, dividiendo los hospitales en 3 categorías: volumen alto (VA), volumen medio (VM) y volumen bajo (VB) en función del número de intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas. RESULTADOS: Se observó una relación inversa, estadísticamente significativa en ambas categorías, de volumen tanto en cirugía gástrica (VB: OR = 1,50 [IC 95%: 1,28-1,76]; VM: OR = 1,49 [IC 95%: 1,28-1,74]) como en cirugía colorrectal (VB: OR = 1,44 [IC 95%: 1,33-1,55]; VM: OR = 1,24 [(IC 95%: 1,15-1,33]). En cirugía pancreática, la diferencia solo fue estadísticamente significativa entre las categorías de menor y mayor volumen (VB: OR = 1,89 [IC 95%: 1,29-2,75]; VM: OR = 1,21 [IC 95%: 0,82-1,79]). La cirugía de esófago también mostró una relación inversa entre el volumen de intervenciones quirúrgicas y la mortalidad, pero no fue estadísticamente significativa (VB: OR = 1,89 [IC 95%: 0,98-3,64]; VM: OR = 1,05 [IC 95%: 0,50-2,21]). CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados indican que en España existe una relación inversa entre número de intervenciones quirúrgicas y mortalidad intrahospitalaria en la cirugía del cáncer digestivo

INTRODUCTION: The results previously obtained in Spain in the study of the relationship between surgical caseload and in-hospital mortality are inconclusive. The aim of this study is to evaluate the volume-outcome association in Spain in the setting of digestive oncological surgery. METHODS: An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with data from patients who underwent surgical procedures with curative intent of esophageal, gastric, colorectal and pancreatic neoplasms between 2006-2009 with data from the Spanish MBDS. In-hospital mortality was used as outcome variable. Control variables were patient, health care and hospital characteristics. Exposure variable was the number of interventions for each disease, dividing the hospitals in 3 categories: high volume (HV), mid volume (MV) and low volume (LV) according to the number of procedures. RESULTS: An inverse, statistically significant relationship between procedure volume and in-hospital mortality was observed for both volume categories in both gastric (LV: OR = 1,50 [IC 95%: 1,28-1,76]; MV: OR = 1,49 (IC 95%: 1,28-1,74)) and colorectal (LV: OR = 1,44 [IC 95%: 1,33-1,55]; MV: OR = 1,24 [IC 95%: 1,15-1,33]) cancer surgery. In pancreatic procedures, this difference was only statistically significant between LV and HV categories (LV: OR = 1,89 [IC 95%: 1,29-2,75]; MV: OR = 1,21 [IC 95%: 0,82-1,79]). Esophageal surgery also showed an inverse relationship, which was not statistically significant (LV: OR = 1,89 [IC 95%: 0,98-3,64]; MV: OR = 1,05 [IC 95%: 0,50-2,21]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest the existence in Spain of an inverse relationship between caseload and in-hospital mortality in digestive oncological surgery for the procedures analyze

Utilización de los servicios de urgencia por la población de edad avanzada y pluripatología en España / Use of emergency departments for elderly patients with multiple morbidity in Spain

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Diseños y metodologías para evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones / Designs and methods for impact evaluation of interventions

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Cultura organizacional en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Resultados del estudio realizado en el marco del Foro Gerendia / Organizational culture of the Spanish National Health Care System. Results within the framework of Foro Gerendia

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Supervivencia de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en atención primaria / Survival of patients with heart failure in primary care

OBJETIVO: Describir la supervivencia de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) con seguimiento en atención primaria (AP) y analizar el efecto del sexo, edad, factores clínicos, de utilización de servicios y nivel de renta, en la supervivencia. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional longitudinal de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes a partir de la historia clínica electrónica. Emplazamiento: Área 7 de AP de la Comunidad de Madrid. PARTICIPANTES: Pacientes mayores de 24 años con una consulta en AP en el año 2006. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Casos incidentes de IC desde 2006 a 2010 o hasta su fallecimiento. Análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier y de regresión multivariante de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 3.061 pacientes en una cohorte de 227.984. Su supervivencia fue del 65% a los 5 años. Fallecieron 519 pacientes con una supervivencia media de 49 meses. Los factores asociados a mayor riesgo de mortalidad fueron la edad (HR = 1,04; 1,03-1,05) y tener diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica (HR = 1,45; 1,15-1,78) o de diabetes (HR = 1,52; 1,17-1,95). Los factores con un efecto protector fueron ser mujer (HR = 0,72; 0,59-0,86), no pensionista (HR = 0,43; 0,23-0,84), haber recibido la vacunación de la gripe anualmente (HR = 0,01; 0,00-0,06), tener prescritos hipolipidemiantes (HR = 0,78; 0,61-0,99) o IECA (HR = 0,73; 0,60-0,88), así como que se le hubieran solicitado analíticas (HR = 0,98; 0,95-1), radiografías (HR = 0,81; 0,74-0,88) y electrocardiogramas (HR = 0,90; 0,81-0,99) en AP. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos de los pacientes con IC seguidos en AP indican que su supervivencia es mejor que la obtenida en otros países, apoyando el argumento de la mejor evolución de la IC en los países mediterráneos

OBJECTIVE: To describe survival of patients with chronic heart failure (HF) followed up in primary care (PC) and analyse the effect of sex, age, clinical and health services factors, and income levels on survival. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study of a retrospective cohort of patients with information extracted from electronic medical records. SETTING: PC Area 7 of the Community of Madrid. PARTICIPANTS: Patients 24 year and older with at least one visit to PC in 2006. Principal measurement: Incident cases of HF followed up from 2006 to 2010 or until death. Survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard multivariate regression. RESULTS: A total of 3,061 cases were identified in a cohort of 227,984 PATIENTS: The survival rate was 65% at 5 years, with 519 patients dying with a median survival of 49 months. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality were, age (HR = 1.04, 1.03-1.05), and having a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (HR = 1.45, 1.15- 1.78), or diabetes (HR = 1.52, 1.17-1.95). Factors with a significant protective effect were: female sex (HR = 0.72, 0.59-0.86), non-pensioner (HR = 0.43, 0.23-0.84), having received the influenza vaccine annually (HR = 0.01, 0.00-0.06), prescribed lipid-lowering drugs (HR = 0.78, 0.61-0.99) or ACE inhibitors (HR = 0.73, 0.60-0.88), and blood tests having been requested (HR = 0.97, 0.95-1.00), X-rays (HR = 0.81, 0.74-0.88), or electrocardiograms (HR = 0.90, 0.81-0.99) in PC. CONCLUSIONS: Data from patients with HF followed up in PC indicate that their survival is better than that obtained in other countries, supporting the argument of a better evolution of HF in Mediterranean countries

Determinantes de la utilización de los servicios de urgencias en España / Determinants of utilization of emergency departments in Spain

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