Echocardiographic evaluation of systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressure in the follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension.

AIMS: To identify a correction of the modified Bernoulli formula used to estimate systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressure [sPAP and mPAP; respectively: sPAP = 4 × TRv (tricuspid regurgitation velocity)(2)+ RAP (right atrial pressure); and mPAP = 0.61sPAP + 2], applicable in the follow-up of pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 1979 to December 2009, 60 patients with precapillary (class I and IV) and 'out of proportion' PH were consecutively enrolled in the PH Registry of Trieste. All patients underwent both echocardiographic and right heart catheter evaluation. We used a simple-linear-regression method in order to compare sPAP and mPAP Doppler-estimated values with the respective right-heart catheterization invasive variables. The comparison of the estimated with the traditional modified Bernoulli formula echo-Doppler data and the effective invasive values confirmed a significant association between them (for sPAP P< 0.001; for mPAP P= 0.006). Simple-linear-regression-derived formulas were sPAP = 1.07 × (4TRv(2)+ RAP) + 7.4 (1) and mPAP = 1.1 × (0.61sPAP + 2) + 2.5 (2). These regression-corrected formulas were validated in an external population of PH patients. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that formulas (1) and (2) could be more reliable with respect to the traditional modified Bernoulli equation, when estimating echocardiographically sPAP and mPAP in patients with PH confirmed by right-heart catheterization.

Prognostic Value of Global Longitudinal Strain-Based Left Ventricular Contractile Reserve in Candidates for Percutaneous Correction of Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Implications for Patient Selection.

PURPOSE: Patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and high-grade functional mitral regurgitation (MR) may benefit from percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (PMVR). However, patient selection still remains a central issue. We sought to investigate the potential role of the global longitudinal strain- (GLS-) based left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) at dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in this setting. METHODS: Thirty-three stable HF patients (MR grade ≥ 3+; median LVEF, 29%; median GLS, -8.3%) who were candidates for PMVR were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent DSE to assess LVCR (LVEF increase ≥ 5%; GLS increase ≥ 2%; stroke volume [SV] increase ≥ 20% of the measured SV value). RESULTS: After DSE, a positive LVCRLVEF was detected in 21 patients (64%), positive LVCRGLS in 12 patients (36%), and positive LVCRSV in 14 patients (42%). LVCRGLS was associated with better symptom relief, MR improvement, and LV reverse remodeling in a short-term follow-up. A significant improvement of GLS during DSE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.549; 95% CI, 0.395-0.765; P < .001), along with history of HF hospitalization (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.119-1.967; P = .006) and beta-blocker therapy (HR, 0.146; 95% CI, 0.046-0.462; P = .001), were independently associated with risk of death/heart transplantation/HF-related hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: LVCR, assessed by speckle-tracking DSE, is associated with better results after PMVR in the setting of advanced HF. Improvement of longitudinal function emerged, beyond the ejection fraction, as an independent predictor of outcomes and could improve the selection of best candidates for the percutaneous correction of functional MR.