RESUMO
Removal of PAHs from highly contaminated soil found at a manufactured gas site was evaluated using solvent washing with mixed solvents. The following solvents were considered as water miscible co-solvents in mixed solvents: ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and 1-pentanol. In batch solvent extraction of soil, ethanol and 2-propanol were selected as primary components of mixed solvents in addition to 1-pentanol. Using ternary solutions containing either ethanol or 2-propanol with a volume fraction of 1-pentanol ranging from 5 to 25% and a water volume fraction ranging from 5 to 30%, ethanol was more effective than 2-propanol in extracting PAHs from soil. A solvent mixture of 5% 1-pentanol, 10% water and 85% ethanol was selected as the extraction solvent. Using a 1g:4ml soil:solvent extraction ratio, extraction kinetics showed that from 65 to 90% of the extractable PAHs were removed within an hour of contact between soil and solvent. Using this 1g:4ml extraction ratio, PAHs were removed in a three-stage cross-current solvent washing process where the same batch of soil was extracted with clean solvent for 1h in each stage. PAH removals in three-stage cross-current solvent washing were comparable to PAH removals obtained with Soxhlet extraction.