A novel HER2-specific sensor based on DARPin_9-29 and albumin binding domain for real-time fluorescence-guided tumor detection in animal model of cancer.

In animal models of cancer, targeted fluorescence bioimaging, performed non-invasively and in real time, is indispensable tool for assessing tumor location, spread of metastasis, and the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs under development. To overcome the limitation of antibodies in bioimaging applications, small artificial scaffold proteins based on ankyrin repeats (DARPins, designed ankyrin repeat proteins) are used as tumor-associated antigen binders. In this study for the first time, we assessed the potential of DARPin_9-29, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subdomain I-specific protein, genetically fused with albumin binding domain (ABD) and conjugated with Cyanine5.5 as a NIR sensor for fluorescence bioimaging of HER2-positive cancer in animal model. In vivo biodistribution studies have revealed sufficient tumor-to-background ratios at 48 h (3.17 ± 0.55) and 72 h (3.49 ± 0.64) postinjection, providing excellent contrast between the primary tumor and tissue background and allowing clear breast tumor detection. Ex vivo biodistribution has shown that ABD module in DARP-ABD sensor prevents renal reabsorption and increases tumor accumulation in more than 10-folds compared to excreting organs. To verify if DARP-ABD-Cy5.5 can demarcate HER2-positive tumor in vivo, HER2-positive syngeneic breast cancer cell line with constitutive gene expression of luciferase eFFLuc, was created. The powerful combination of bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging let to track the fluorescent anti-HER2 DARP-ABD sensor in bioluminescent HER2-positive breast tumors. Our results validate DARP-ABD as a promising sensor for fluorescence-guided imaging of HER2-positive solid cancer, which can be used in the development of improved anticancer treatment strategies.

[A rare variant of enterocele entrapment in the abdominal cavity of a woman].

Abdominal enterocele is a result of entering abdominal organs into peritoneal pockets and folds through the holes in mesenterium or into the adjoining cavities through defects in their walls. Enteroceles are localized at the sites where one segment of the gastrointestinal tract passes into another, in a pocket behind the cecum and sigmoid, between mesenteric layers of small intestine and colon, in the holes of mesenterium of vermiform appendage, gastrocolic and falciform ligaments, pockets and holes of broad ligament of the uterine, omental foramen, rectouterine excavation, and diaphragmal defects. We observed a 26 year old woman with enterocele entrapment in the abdominal cavity complicated by necrosis of part of the small intestine.

[Urodynamic abnormalities in the kidneys of pancreonecrosis].

This paper presents experience in monitoring renal ultrasound data in patients with pancreatonecrosis from 20 to 60 years. It is also present two clinical cases of renal urodynamics in destructive forms of acute pancreatitis. Edematous form of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cause violations not only secretion but also excretory function of the nephros. In patients with pancreatic necrosis accompanied by the formation of zones of limited fluid in the retroperitoneal space including retroperitoneal phlegmon may occur ureteral compression which is accompanied by appearance of urodynamic disorders in the nephros of varying severity. Ultrasound monitoring of renal care for patients with edematous form of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis helps to diagnose renal urodynamic disorders which allows timely corrected in the early stages of treatment activities in these patients and improve outcomes.

[Use of stereoscopic vision for analysis of digital X-ray images of lungs].

The fundamental principles of digital stereoroentgenography are considered. A special adapter to digital X-ray diagnostic apparatus used to obtain X-ray stereoscopic pairs and Stumpf stereoscopic binoculars for analysis of stereoscopic photographs are described. Specific features of the stereoscopic model of lungs and an exemplary clinical case are considered.

[Today's high-resolution digital X-ray study in the detection and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

The radiation technique is the only method for timely identification of pulmonary tuberculosis, and there has been no alternative to it so far. The authors provide convincing evidence for this, by conducting 720 test trials on an AMTsR-1 small-dose high-resolution (3.2 to 5 pairs of lines per mm) digital X-ray apparatus made in Russia. For space resolution, the obtained digital X-ray images are equal to full-format film radiographs, which allows one not only to reveal, but also diagnose tuberculosis and other diseases of the lung. Such forms of tuberculosis, as focal (9%), infiltrative (15%), tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes in the phase of infiltration (7%), fibrocavernous tuberculosis (19%) could be detected and diagnosed at the state of digital X-ray study of the lung in 100% of cases without circumstantiating linear and computed tomography. Computed tomography is indispensable to the diagnosis of tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes, bronchus, the types of disseminated tuberculosis, and bronchopleural fistulas.

[Rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. / Reabilitatsiia bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa posle operatsii aortokoronarnogo shuntirovaniia.

The paper outlines some experience in rehabilitating 1250 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS). Rehabilitative measures promoted more rapid and maximally full recovery of physical fitness and cardiorespiratory parameters. The recommended groups of physical activity allow one to differentially approach to the choice of the optimum training regimen and hence to achieve the maximum training effect. The groundlessly high proportion of disabled patients with CHD after ACBS is due not to the quality of surgical treatment, but to the absence of a rehabilitative programme for this group of patients and to the presence of obsolete standard acts for definitions of disability groups by the medical-and-labor examination commission.