Effects of glucocorticoid on the eye development in guinea pigs.

Glucocorticoid (GC) has been widely used in clinic. However, the effect of GC on normal and myopic development of eyes is still unknown. In this study, 3-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: No-Lens (control), GC+No-Lens, negative lens-induced myopia (LIM), and GC+LIM. To induce myopia, right eyes were covered with a -10 D lens in GC+LIM and LIM groups. GC+No-Lens and GC+LIM groups received intraperitoneal injections of hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks, and then received intragastric hydrocortisone (32.5 mg/kg) every other day for the next 4 weeks, while No-Lens (control) and LIM groups were injected intraperitoneally with saline for 2 weeks, and then given saline by intragastric administertion for the next 4 weeks. Several parameters were assessed: ocular axial length and refractive error, sclera thickness, matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor metalloprotease-2 (TIMP-2) expressions and localization of the posterior sclera, plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), testosterone (T), and oestradiol (E2). Results indicated that: (1) in normal eye development, hydrocortisone could inhibit both the axial elongation and the myopic shift; whereas (2) in LIM eye development, hydrocortisone (a) enhanced the axial elongation, myopic shift and sclera thinning; (b) enhanced the MMP-2 expression and decreased TIMP-2 expression, and (c) elevated the plasma concentration of E2 but decreased the levels of FT3, FT4, and T. In conclusion, glucocorticoid may influence both normal and LIM eye development. The balance of the hormones is fundamental for the eye development.

Efficacy and economic analysis of Ex-PRESS implantation versus trabeculectomy in uncontrolled glaucoma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

AIM: To systematically review the current evidence based on the efficacy and cost of Ex-PRESS implantation and trabeculectomy (Trab) for uncontrolled glaucoma. METHODS: Clinical trials were identified by electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of science and Cochrane library), and data, such as intraocular pressure (IOP), the complete and qualified success rate, the postoperative complications and the cost, were exacted from these relevant studies. Weighted mean difference (WMD), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Eleven relevant publications and two abstracts met the inclusion criteria. The efficacy of Ex-PRESS was similar to that of Trab in the percentage of IOP reduction (IOPR %) at 1, 2y (WMD: -2.01; 95% CI: -7.92-3.90; P=0.50 and WMD: 2.89; 95% CI: -8.05-13.83; P=0.60, respectively). Ex-PRESS possessed a significant higher complete and qualified success rate (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.07-2.35; P=0.02 and OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.06-2.86; P=0.03, respectively). Moreover, Ex-PRESS exerted a significantly lower frequency of hypotony and hyphema than Trab (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21-0.72; P=0.003 and OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10-0.69; P=0.003, respectively). However, there was no consistent result on the cost between the two groups according to the previous three studies. CONCLUSION: Both Trab and Ex-PRESS have equivalent efficacy in lowering IOP, yet Ex-PRESS had a lower risk of hypotony and hyphema than Trab. Nevertheless, whether the cost of Ex-PRESS was less than that of Trab should be further investigated to ensure evidence-based conclusion in the long run.

Analysis on use of carbapenems and evaluation of the medication rationality in a hospital / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the use of carbapenems in a hospital in 2016, so as to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics. Methods The medical records of all patients treated with carbapenems in 2016 were collected. The use of antimicrobial agents, types of infections and etiological examinations were investigated. The medication rationality of antibiotics was evaluated, and the inappropriate problems were classified. Results A total of 383 cases were extracted, including 137 (35.78%) females and 246 (64.22%) males, with an average age of (59±12) years and a median age of 61 years. The total inspection rate was 95.30% (365/383). A total of 258 cases (67.36%) received the medicine according to the drug sensitivity results. The drug utilization indexes of imipenem/cilastatin sodium and biapenem were 1.29 and 0.76, respectively. There were 60 cases (15.67%) of irrational use of carbapenems. Conclusion There is still unreasonable clinical use of carbapenems in the hospital in 2016. The rationality evaluation of carbapenems use is conducive to understanding the clinical use and finding the typical problems, so as to provide reference for rational drug intervention.

Enhancement effect of trans dermal absorption of dipendent on tinidazol / 药学实践杂志

OBJECTIVE：To study the enhancement effect of dipentene in the transdermal absorption of tinidazole.METHODS:In vitro,by means of traditional method to compare the enhancement effect of dipentene with azone at difference concentrations in the transdermal absorption of tinidazole.RESULTS:andCONCLUSION:It was showed that various concentrations of transdermal enhancers could promote absorption of tinidazole in different degrees and 4% Azone and 3%dipentene were the most effective.