AuNP Aptasensor for Hodgkin Lymphoma Monitoring.

A liquid biopsy based on circulating small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) has not yet been used in routine clinical practice due to the lack of reliable analytic technologies. Recent studies have demonstrated the great diagnostic potential of nanozyme-based systems for the detection of SEV markers. Here, we hypothesize that CD30-positive Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells secrete CD30 + SEVs; therefore, the relative amount of circulating CD30 + SEVs might reflect classical forms of Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) activity and can be measured by using a nanozyme-based technique. A AuNP aptasensor analytics system was created using aurum nanoparticles (AuNPs) with peroxidase activity. Sensing was mediated by competing properties of DNA aptamers to attach onto surface of AuNPs inhibiting their enzymatic activity and to bind specific markers on SEVs surface. An enzymatic activity of AuNPs was evaluated through the color reaction. The study included characterization of the components of the analytic system and its functionality using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and spectrophotometry. AuNP aptasensor analytics were optimized to quantify plasma CD30 + SEVs. The developed method allowed us to differentiate healthy donors and cHL patients. The results of the CD30 + SEV quantification in the plasma of cHL patients were compared with the results of disease activity assessment by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) scanning, revealing a strong positive correlation. Moreover, two cycles of chemotherapy resulted in a statistically significant decrease in CD30 + SEVs in the plasma of cHL patients. The proposed AuNP aptasensor system presents a promising new approach for monitoring cHL patients and can be modified for the diagnostic testing of other diseases.

Acute kidney injury in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: Predictors and outcomes.

The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients during hospitalization worsens the prognosis. The study aimed to estimate the prognostic value of AKI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) in prospective follow-up study. A prospective follow-up of 12 months included 268 patients with ST-segment elevation MI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The incidence of AKI was assessed and its effect on the outcome of ST-segment elevation MI during the observed period was traced. AKI was diagnosed according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes recommendations. AKI was recorded in 20.5%. The incidence of AKI increased with decrease in the level of glomerular filtration rate on admission (P = 0.047) and an increase in the stage of acute heart failure according to Killip on admission (P = 0.006). The development of AKI was associated with an increase in-hospital mortality, increasing with a worsening stage of AKI (P<0.001), the same pattern was characteristic for death from cardiovascular causes during follow-up. AKI increases the risk of death from cardiovascular causes by four times [odds ratio 95% 4.400 (1.928-10.040), P <0.001]. The multivariate analysis revealed risk factors for the development of AKI: age >75 years (P = 0.006), female (P = 0.008), Killip >I (P = 0.045). AKI is common in patients with ST-segment elevation MI and is associated with a poor prognosis. The development of AKI is associated with an increase mortality, increasing with a worsening stage of AKI.