Comparison of rheological behaviors and nanostructure of bighead carp scales gelatin modified by different modification methods.

In this study, microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) and pectin were compared to modify bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) scale gelatin. The functional properties of modified fish scales gelatin (FSG) were largely improved, including melting temperature and rheological behavior. While, modification methods decreased the triple-helix content and destroyed the single left-hand helix chain of modified FSG as investigated by X-ray diffraction. MTGase could induce the denser and finer gels network, but had none significant effect on nanostructural properties of fish gelatin. Pectin inserted itself into the fish gelatin gels network and caused aggregations, forming crystalline peaks and various nanostructures. In particular, compared with pectin modified FSG, MTGase produced FSG with lower storage modulus and apparent viscosity, but higher gel points and melting points.

Dimethyl [(4-fluoro-phen-yl)(6-methoxy-benzothia-zol-2-ylamino)meth-yl]phospho-nate.

In the mol-ecule of title compound, C(17)H(18)FN(2)O(4)PS, both the benzene ring with its conjunction C atom and the benzothia-zole ring with its conjunction N atom are close to planar (the maximum deviations are 0.0267 and 0.0427 Šfor the benzene and benzothiazole rings, respectively), the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzothia-zole and benzene rings is 119.05 (3)°. The mol-ecular packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯O, C-H⋯N and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonding, and by C-H⋯π and π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 2.99 (2), 2.96 (3), 2.88 (2) and 3.773 (4) Å].

[Research progresses on nutrigenomics].

Nutrition science is an age-old subject, and offers important theoretic instructions for human health protection and disease prevention. With the development of molecular biology, it will be a key technique in the 21 century. Combination of molecular biology and nutrition, bio-nutrition is formed. While the combination of genome and nutrition, nutrigenomics is developed. Nutrigenomics covers a wide range of areas, which studies the interactive effects between nutrients and genes expression, and predicts the expressive response to the nutrients. Genomics technology can help us to identify some dis-ease-related genes, thereby people establish individual diet and make their heath attained the best status through adjusting diet. This paper focuses on the main research technology of nutrigenomics and its application.

Carbazole alkaloids isolated from the branch and leaf extracts of Clausena lansium.

The present study carried out a phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the branches and leaves of Clausena lansium and afforded nine carbazole alkaloids (compounds 1-9) including two new carbazole alkaloids, claulansiums A and B (compounds 1 and 2). The new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (MS, NMR, IR, and UV) and the known compounds were identified by comparing spectroscopic data with those reported in literature. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against A549 and Hela cancer cell lines. Our results showed that compounds 2-6 exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity to cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 8.67 to 98.89 µmol·L-1.

Production of chlorogenic acid and its derivatives in hairy root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana.

Chlorogenic acid and its derivatives (CADs) are valuable bioactive plant secondary metabolites with many health benefits. In the present study, Stevia rebaudiana hairy root cultures were established, and the culture conditions for the production of CADs were optimized. The hairy roots were induced by coculture of S. rebaudiana leaves and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (C58C1) after infection, which were further verified by PCR detection of rolB and rolC genes. HPLC-MS and HPLC analysis showed that chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-CQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-CQA), and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-CQA) were the major CADs in the hairy roots. Eight single roots with rapid growth rate were selected. Among them, T3 had the highest yield of CADs. B5 medium supplemented with 40 g/L sucrose was more suitable for the production of CADs than others. Under optimal culture conditions, the total content of these three compounds reached 105.58 mg/g and total yield was 234.40 mg/100 mL.