COVID toes following vaccination.

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 infections include "COVID toes." These are pernio-like, pale purple, painful, ill-defined cyanotic lesions that have inflammatory infiltrates on histologic studies. COVID toes can also develop following COVID vaccination. COVID toes was reported by 29 individuals to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through May 25, 2021. The mean age of these individuals was 52 ± 18 years; 23 (79%) were women. They had received both mRNA vaccines and the adenovirus vector-based vaccine. This discoloration developed 4.5 ± 9.8 days following vaccination, usually after the first dose. Four individuals required hospitalization for systemic symptoms, and one died. This information indicates that some individuals develop important clinical syndromes following vaccination and suggests that some of the manifestations of COVID-19 infection represent immune responses and not necessarily active tissue infection.

Secondary syphilis presenting with "crown of Venus" alopecia.

Since the era of antibiotics, the frequency of secondary syphilis manifestations has declined. During the last decade, there has been a resurgence of syphilis cases. We describe a case of a 28-year-old man with various secondary syphilis symptoms including alopecia with the well-described characteristic "crown of Venus" pattern not commonly seen during this decade, as well as mucosal plaques, pustules, and palmoplantar macular rash. This case suggests that syphilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of hair loss for a correct screening, diagnosis, and early treatment.

Surgical Management among Patients with Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Haemorrhage Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is the second most common form of stroke and the most deadly one. An understanding of changing trends in the epidemiology of intracerebral haemorrhage prevalence, its risk factors, current practice in management, case fatality, and long-term outcome is essential to measure the effectiveness of stroke prevention and various treatment efforts. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of surgical management among patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage in a tertiary centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery from January 2017 to December 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 06/2020/IRC-ANIAS). A convenience sampling method was used. Data of the patients were retrieved from online medical records. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 221 patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage, 115 (52.04%) (45.45-58.63, 95% Confidence Interval) underwent surgical management. In-hospital mortality was seen in 23 (20%) and survivors at 3 months were 78 (67.82%) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of surgical management among spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhages was higher than in other studies done in a similar setting. Keywords: intracerebral haemorrhage; mortality; surgical procedure.

Venture of a Tertiary Care Neurosurgical Center in Course of COVID-19 Lockdown without RT-PCR.

"I will not permit considerations of age, disease or disability, creed, ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political affiliation, race, sexual orientation, social standing or any other factor to intervene between my duty and my patient." Obliged by the aforementioned oath, no medical practitioner shall sit in a moral judgment on any patient but will treat their illness to the best of their ability whatever the circumstances. A clear concord was yet to be authorized after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2infection. As a diagnostic modality, WHO recommended real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a reliable test; however, its availability in a deprived nation like ours became a major restraining factor. Despite an asset of having high specificity, RT-PCR for coronavirus disease 2019has its own liability of having low sensitivity. Henceforth, as time passed by, the validity of the rapid diagnostic tests was put into question. In later months, a few centers around our periphery started conducting RT-PCR, but the time taken to obtain the result was long-drawn-out process and the patient who needed urgent neurosurgical intervention at Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences had to wait. We would like to share our expedition through peaks and valleys of managing 215 patients during the vicious circle of lockdown and global pandemic.

Customized Cost-Effective Polymethyl-Methacrylate Cranioplasty Implant Using Three-Dimensional Printer.

There is no doubt that many synthetic materials used in cranioplasty have given good result regarding patient's calvarial shape. However, the use of these materials is costly to the patient and requires complex intraoperative process. There has been a long history regarding the use of acrylic bone cement called as polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) as an implant due to its desirable properties. Here, we present three cases of simple, cost effective manually sculpted calvarial defect using three-dimensional (3D) printer. Sharing the achievement and challenges, we want to focus that the 3D customized implant of PMMA can be used as bone substitute.