[Morphometric assessment of gender differences in human constitution].

In 154 girls and 58 young men aged 17-21 years, a new body mass index (BMI2 = M/H3), body form index (BFI=S/M2/3), body build index IBBI = (M/H3)1/2], and body fatness index (BFI = M/HC2) were determined; in which C, H, M, S correspond to the wrist circumference, body height, body mass and body area. It was shown that all the indices mentioned demonstrated highly significant gender differences if calculation of each of them was based, not on the body mass, but on a conventional body volume obtained by division of the factual body mass by the average statistical body density corresponding to 1.064 kg/dm3 in men and 1.034 kg/dm3 in women.

[Heterometric self-regulation of the heart as a correlation of Starling's and Anrep's phenomena]. / Geterometricheskaia samoreguliatsiia serdtsa kak sootnoshenie fenomenov Starlinga i Anrepa.

It is postulated that heterometric autoregulation of cardiac contractility mostly presents a combination of Starling's mechanism, including venous preload-length and length-shortening relations, and Anrep's phenomenon, comprising aortal postload-length and length-tension relations. It is propounded that Anrep's mechanism modulates the efficacy of Starling's mechanism ensuring the autoregulatory maintenance of the optimal average aortal pressure. Thus, the latter is both mediator and ultimate goal of the heterometric autoregulation of the heart.

[Chronotropic vago-sympathetic interactions during electric stimulation of cardiac nerves in the cat]. / Khronotropnoe vagosimpaticheskoe vzaímodeistvie pri zalpovom razdrazhenii serdechnykh nervov u koshek.

It is demonstrated that sympathetic nerves may strengthen or depress the synchronizing or tonic components of vagal chronotropic effect, but the former was absent if extracardiac nerves were cut bilaterally.

[Effect of a single stimulation of the vagus nerve on heart rate in cats]. / Vliianie odinochnogo razdrazheniia bluzhdaiushchego nerva na ritm serdechnykh sokrashchenii u koshek.

The single stimulation of the vagus nerve evokes two waves of chronotropic effect. The first wave is characterized by large amplitude and short duration comparable in time with one cardiac cycle. The second wave begins somewhat later, has low amplitude and lasts during 20--25 cardiac cycles. The role of the first wave in synchronization of cardiac pacemaker with vagal stimulation is discussed. The second wave seems to reflect tonic influences of the vagus nerve on the heart rate.

[Effect of the burst stimulation of the vagus nerve on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular conduction of excitation in the feline heart]. / Vliianie zalpovogo razdrazheniia bluzhdaiushchego nerva na sinoatrial'noe i atrioventrikuliarnoe provedenie vozbuzhdeniia v serdtse koshek.

In acute experiments duration of cardiac cycle, sinoatrial and atrioventricular conduction were dependent on interval between burst irritation of the vagus nerve and P-wave of ECG. It was demonstrated that dromotropic vagal effect consists of short-termed phase-dependent component and more extensive to tonic one.

[Effect of burst stimulation of the vagus nerve on the excitability of the atria of the cat]. / Vliianie zalpovogo razdrazheniia bluzhdaiushchego nerva na vozbudimost' predserdii u koshek.

In acute experiments, synchronization of cardiac and vagal rhythms was achieved during burst stimulation of a vagus nerve. The study of atrial excitability in the synchronization revealed changes of diastolic threshold, effective and total refractory periods, the changes being unrelated to the synchronization phenomenon and due to variation of the heart rate.

[The effect of a single firing stimulation of the vagus nerve on atrioventricular behavior of stimulation in the cat heart]. / Vliianie odinochnogo zalpovogo razdrazheniia bluzhdaiushchego nerva na atrioventriuliarnoe provedenie vozbuzhdeniia v serdtse koshek.

Dromotropic vagal effect was shown to consist of a prolonged tonic component and a short-term one depending on the interval between the burst irritation of the vagus nerve and the P-wave of the ECG.

[Modulation of the chronotropic effect of the vagus nerve during stimulation of various sympathetic nerves in the cat]. / Moduliatsiia khronotropnogo éffekta bluzhdaiushchego nerva pri stimuliatsii razlichnykh simpaticheskikh nervov u koshek.

Sympathetic nerves were shown to perform potentiation or inhibition of synchronizing or tonic components of vagal chronotropic effect. The potentiation of the synchronizing component seems to be exerted through the ansa subclavia whereas the other effects--through the caudal cardiac nerve.

[Effect of temperature on heterometric autoregulation of the heart]. / Vliianie temperatury na geterometricheskuiu samoreguliatsiiu serdtsa.

In heart-lung preparation of cats, the heart load was increased 1.5-fold. The cooling from 38 degrees C to 25 degrees C did not affect the relative changes of hemodynamics under the load which suggests physical nature of the main links of heterometric autoregulation. On the other hand the data obtained show a certain commonness of Starling's law and Anrep's phenomenon as different manifestations of this regulation.

[The specific nature of vagus influences on the heart rhythm under the action of humoral regulators]. / Spetsifika vagusnykh vliianii na ritm serdtsa pri deistvii gumoral'nykh reguliatorov.

Effects of taurin, somatostatin, serotonin and noradrenaline upon the vagal chronotropic action and its components were studied in anesthetised cats. The data obtained suggests the existence of a specific transmitter link for vagal tonic and synchronizing effects upon cardiac rhythm.

[General principles of heart rate control during burst stimulation of the vagus nerve in various animals]. / Obshchie printsipy upravleneniia serdechnym ritmom pri zalpovom razdrazhenii bluzhdaiushchego nerva u razlichnykh zhivotnykh.

In experiments on frogs, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and simians the synchronization of cardiac and vagal rhythms was achieved during stimulation of vagus nerve. The relative bounds of the synchronization ranges were not dependent on the species of animal or level of sympathetic activity. In this connection, the whole variety of the cardiochronotropic reactions in vertebrates may be described with a general mathematical equation: B = A (0.769-0.098 log2N), where A is a current heart rate, B--the heart rate during the vagus nerve stimulation with bursts of N supramaximal pulses.

[The vagotropic action of peptides isolated from the brain of hibernating susliks]. / Vagotropnoe deistvie peptidov, vydelennykh iz mozga giberniruiushchikh suslikov.

Dipeptide ASP-TYR extracted from the brain of hibernating squirrels was found to potentiate vagal effect on the cardiac rhythm, whereas pentapeptide neokyotorphin--to diminish it. In both cases the effect was due to an alteration of the tonic component's strength in the vagal chronotropic effect. The selective peptidergic modulation of the vagal effect on the cardiac rhythm suggests different physiological roles of the tonic and synchronizing components in regulation of the heart.